1、托福真题 2012年 12月 2日及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a good school? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important. （分数：20.00）_二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Do you prefer to be frie
2、nds with those who share the same opinion as you do or the people who hold different opinions? Please include specific details in your explanation. （分数：20.00）_三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.An Announcement of Library ExpansionThe University Administration announced plans for the expansion of the libr
3、ary. The new library will occupy the building presently given over to the Student Center and directly adjacent to the existing library. The school authorities stated that the plan will transform the center into a library directly linked to the present library. This way, the school can vastly increas
4、e library space at a fraction of the cost of a completely new building. In particular, the school noted, the new facility will afford more shelf space as well as storage for media materials. A further benefit will be additional tables and seats available to students and faculty.Question: The man exp
5、resses his opinion about the library expansion. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_四、Question 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.Animal CommunicationBriefly, animal communication is any behavior on the part of one anima
6、l that has an effect on the current or future behavior of another animal. The most obvious form of communication is vocalization. It plays an essential role in many tasks, from mating rituals to warning of danger; from conveying the location of food sources to social learning. Probably the most stri
7、king of these involves warning signals. The survival value of warning other species members of the presence of predators and facilitating their escape is obvious. They can also adopt different tactics to cope with the threat, for example gathering into a group to ward off attack.Question: Using info
8、rmation from the reading and the lecture, explain how meerkats vary their alarm signal when facing with the attacks from different predators.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the womans problem. Des
9、cribe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20.00）_六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two strategies companies use to win consumers.（分数：20.00）_托福真题 2012年 12月 2日答案解析(总分：120.00，做
10、题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a good school? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: Personally, I think whether or not a school is successful depends mostly on
11、 the administration of the school and the ability of its teachers.Reason 1: First, a school must have an excellent administration to maintain success. Principals and directors must choose the best textbooks, keep the school environment clean and conducive to learning, hire the best teachers, and dea
12、l with the many students in an appropriate and responsible way.Reason 2: Moreover, teachers are the most important variable in a good school. A teacher will produce a great lesson and will know how to deal with their students and address all of their academic needs. Teachers are the heart and soul o
13、f a school.)解析：Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)abilityexpertise (b)beststate-of-the-art(c)hirerecruit (d)goodfirst-rate(e)heart and soulessence, lifebloodParaphrases 1. Administration and the teachers expertise are the key ingredients of a successful school.2. The old proverb says, “Without a h
14、ead, the body dies.“ So it is with the school: a good administrator is a must.二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Do you prefer to be friends with those who share the same opinion as you do or the people who hold different opinions? Please include specific details in your explanation. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Top
15、ic: Well, I prefer mates that share similar opinions.Reason 1: Firstly, friends who disagree on politics, religion, or other major social issues often fall into conflict For example, if I believe we should let our parents stay with us after getting married and my friend believes the opposite, it is
16、likely that we will argue about the issue. So it is easier to have a friend with similar beliefs.Reason 2: Secondly, friends with similar beliefs give each other more common interests to build on. If my friend supports art or film, for example, we can go to movies or museums together. However, if a
17、new friend loved playing poker and going to clubs, we would have little in common, and would never know what to do together.Conclusion: Therefore, I prefer friends who are similar to myself.)解析：Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)fall into conflictfall out with each other(b)argueclash (c)similar be
18、liefsshared beliefs(d)play pokergamble (e)clubbarParaphrases Shared beliefs provide a basis for friendship; it is nearly impossible to “agree to disagree.“/Similar beliefs make for firmer friends; as the old adage runs, “Birds of a feather flock together./三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.An Announcemen
19、t of Library ExpansionThe University Administration announced plans for the expansion of the library. The new library will occupy the building presently given over to the Student Center and directly adjacent to the existing library. The school authorities stated that the plan will transform the cent
20、er into a library directly linked to the present library. This way, the school can vastly increase library space at a fraction of the cost of a completely new building. In particular, the school noted, the new facility will afford more shelf space as well as storage for media materials. A further be
21、nefit will be additional tables and seats available to students and faculty.Question: The man expresses his opinion about the library expansion. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The university pl
22、ans to turn the present student center into a new library building. The male student doesnt like this idea.First, he says that the school should create a digital library by scanning all books to PDF and saving all electronic copies on line instead of simply expanding the physical space with more she
23、lves and areas for book storage.Also, he says that the student center should not be eliminated as it is one of the few comfortable places for students to relax or study on campus. Once the school occupies this place for the new library, students will have few places they feel comfortable to study or
24、 just relax.)解析：听力原文W: Did you hear the announcement of the library expansion?M: Whats going on?W: The school wants to turn the Student Center into a library.M: What?! Why? The center is one of the most useful buildings on campus!W: The school authority says that it will make for a bigger library a
25、lot more cheaper than a new building. And the new library will have more space and more rooms.M: Who needs shelf space when youve got computers! The school can use technology, not physical space to store all their information. You know, I could put the whole library on my iPad with no problem. All t
26、he University needs to do is to go online and create electronic copies or digital books and thus save an entire new library digitally. People can go to the website and download whatever they need to study.W: Of course, the school can scan everything to PDF and create a digital library. Why didnt I t
27、hink of that?M: Besides, everybody loves the Student Center. Its a cozy and comfortable building. If they turn it into another library, therell be nowhere on campus for the students to study or just relax in comfort.W: Thats right.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)createset up, establish(b)shelfs
28、tack(c)eliminatephase out(d)fewa lack ofParaphrases Once the school library expands, it will cause an acute shortage of study space.四、Question 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.Animal CommunicationBriefly, animal communication is any behavior on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future be
29、havior of another animal. The most obvious form of communication is vocalization. It plays an essential role in many tasks, from mating rituals to warning of danger; from conveying the location of food sources to social learning. Probably the most striking of these involves warning signals. The surv
30、ival value of warning other species members of the presence of predators and facilitating their escape is obvious. They can also adopt different tactics to cope with the threat, for example gathering into a group to ward off attack.Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explai
31、n how meerkats vary their alarm signal when facing with the attacks from different predators.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The lecture is about animal communication which serves many purposes such as delivering warning signals to other species member about approaching enemies
32、or making group members get together and scare off the predators.The professor explains this concept by giving an example of meerkats living in desert areas.Meerkats are very organized and communal animals. They usually have a standing guard while other members are outside foraging for food. They gi
33、ve different alarms depending on the type of predator. For example, if a hawk threatens, the guard gives a loud whistling cry to make its mates run back to their burrows, and it also makes a barking sound that makes meerkats get together in order to scare off the predators like snakes.)解析：听力原文M: OK,
34、 yesterday we closed with a few remarks about how alarm signals vary depending on the nature of the threat perceived, especially on the type of predator. Consider the meerkat that lives in Africas Kalahari Desert. Thats mostly in Botswana and South Africa, if you cut geography class.Meerkats live in
35、 groups called mobs. Typically, while other meerkats are outside their burrows foraging or playing, there is one meerkat that stands guard. Researchers have observed how this sentinels alarms vary depending on the type of predator. For instance, when large birds like hawks, eagles, owls soar overhea
36、d, the guard gives a loud whistling cry that brings his mob mates scampering back to their burrows. But if a snake is spotted, the guard makes more of a barking sound, which has the other animals mustering together, shaking their bodies and scaring off the snake. The show of aggression here is easil
37、y accounted for. After all, meerkats are a type of mongoose and at least partially immune to most snake venom.but not to being eaten! No sensible cobra or mamba attacks a meerkat mob.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)approachinglurking (b)desert areaarid area(c)standing guardsentinel (d)burrowden
38、(e)scare offfrighten offParaphrases 1. While the mob forages for food, a member usually mounts guard.2. Alarm calls given depend on predator type.五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the womans problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. T
39、hen state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The woman wants to take a business course during summer school but cannot afford it. There are two solutions to the problem.Her friend can help her get a part-time job in the library. Likewise, he thinks she can save mo
40、ney by cooking at home rather than eating at the student cafeteria.I would choose the second solution if I were the woman. Pretty obviously, cooking ones own meals takes less time than any part-time job. True, the woman cant cook but she can learn. Simple food like sandwiches and noodles can be prep
41、ared by anyone with little loss of time. So the money saved can allow her to take the business class.)解析：听力原文M: Someone looks unhappy!W: You know that business course I was talking about?M: The one offered in summer school? Sure. What about it?W: Well, Ive been looking and figuring and I just cant a
42、fford it. Theres no way.M: Do what I do. There are plenty of part-time jobs over at the university library. Im sure could help you get hired.W: I would but.M: But what?W: I have to do everything slowly. A job like working in the library would probably take up too much of my study time.M: Then why no
43、t stop eating here at the student cafeteria? Everyone knows its cheaper to cook for oneself. You could use the money you saved to take that class, dont you think so?W: Well yeah. But I dont know anything about cooking! Ill waste even more time cooking than working.M: Come on! Anyone can learn to mak
44、e sandwiches to eat!Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)get a jobland a job (b)eat atdine at(c)cook ones own mealsprepare ones own mealsParaphrases 1. She can cut expenses by cooking for herself rather than eating cafeteria food.2. The woman should be able to master cooking.六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20
45、.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two strategies companies use to win consumers.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(In the lecture, the professor talks about two strategies companies use to attract consumers attention to their products.The first strategy shows consumers what the comp
46、any sells through photos of its products. Therefore, the image is imprinted in peoples brains and will swim up in memory when consumers are considering buying that sort of product. To explain this concept in detail, the professor gives an example of a furniture advertisement.Slogans are another approach companies use to make consumers aware of their products. For example, a
