1、托福真题 2012 年 2 月 17 日及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Compare two singers you like. Discuss their differences and similarities. Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Some people like to get advice from their parents or gra
2、ndparents. Other people like to get help from their peers. Which do you prefer? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.A Proposal of “No Beverage in Library“This letter is to strongly urge the university library to rescind its “No Beverage“ polic
3、y. While it is true that the library has understandable reasons for this rule, there are other important considerations that outweigh the worry about drinks spilling on books. First of all, with final exams coming up, more and more students are putting in late nights at the library. After several ho
4、urs of study, we need coffee or tea to stay mentally alert. Second, we students are adults, not children. We can exercise caution and avoid spilling our drinks on library materials. The rule forbidding drinks is unnecessary.Question: The woman expresses her opinion about the idea of allowing beverag
5、es in the library. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_四、Question 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.Customer Lock-InLock-in is a practice whereby manufacturers and service providers attempt to force existing customers
6、to use only their products. This is most commonly done by making goods incompatible with competitors offerings. The practice has become especially prevalent in the computer and software industry. In effect, this creates a legal form of near-monopoly. A common advertising ruse here is to market the l
7、ock-in goods as “standard.“ The practice is harmful to consumers, because it drives up the price of repairs as lower-cost alternatives are not available.Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain the way that most companies lock in their consumers by making goods incompati
8、ble with competitors offerings.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the mans problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20
9、.00）_六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two types of adaptation of animals living in arctic area during the winter.（分数：20.00）_托福真题 2012 年 2 月 17 日答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Compare two singers you like. Discuss th
10、eir differences and similarities. Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: I would like to compare two singers who are special to me; they are Jay Chou and Justin Timberlake.Reason 1: The first major difference between them is in their personality. Timberlake is a
11、popular actor and has a reputation for being quite funny. Chou has a few small parts in movies, but mostly remains a singer. He tries to be humble.Reason 2: The other big difference is their fan bases. Timberlake is popular in America, but has also reached international fame through his albums and m
12、ovies. Chou remains popular mostly in Asia.)解析：Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)reputationis said to be (b)mostlyprimarily(c)humblemodestParaphrases 1. He presents himself as modest.2. Chous popularity is confined to Asia.二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Some people like to get advice from their pa
13、rents or grandparents. Other people like to get help from their peers. Which do you prefer? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: I would rather seek advice from my peers. For this, I have two reasons.Reason 1: To begin with, most of my friends are either the sa
14、me age as me, or a little older. We face similar difficulties and decisions in our careers. I like to talk to peers for career advice because they are in a more similar job situation than my parents or grandparents are.Reason 2: The second reason is that my parents, my grandparents and I represent d
15、ifferent generations, and so we might not experience the same problems. Thus they cannot offer relevant advice to help me solve my problems.)解析：Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)advicecounsel (b)the same age ascontemporary with(c)difficultiestrials, tribulationsParaphrases I rely on peers for car
16、eer counsel because we are more similarly situated to each other than either of us are with regard to our parents or grandparents.三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.A Proposal of “No Beverage in Library“This letter is to strongly urge the university library to rescind its “No Beverage“ policy. While it i
17、s true that the library has understandable reasons for this rule, there are other important considerations that outweigh the worry about drinks spilling on books. First of all, with final exams coming up, more and more students are putting in late nights at the library. After several hours of study,
18、 we need coffee or tea to stay mentally alert. Second, we students are adults, not children. We can exercise caution and avoid spilling our drinks on library materials. The rule forbidding drinks is unnecessary.Question: The woman expresses her opinion about the idea of allowing beverages in the lib
19、rary. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(A letter from a student says that students should be allowed to bring drinks like coffee and tea into the university library.The woman reading it strongly
20、disagrees with this proposal.Firstly, she says a coffee shop is within walking distance of the library; students can take a walk and relax after spending long time in their studies.Secondly, she mentions that it is easy to spill drinks on expensive books or computers by accident. Students might be v
21、ery careful, but accidents happen, especially when students fully concentrate on their studies. So, the school should not follow the students proposal.)解析：听力原文W: Oh my Lord!M: Whats wrong, Laverne?W: This is a letter to the editor. Some college kids want to be able to bring drinks into the library.
22、I dont think thats a good idea.M: Why?W: Here at our University, theres the big Student Union Coffee Shop right next to the library. Its opening hours are the same as the librarys, too. Students can get their coffee and have a nice little walk after studying for a long time.M: Well, I think it is ok
23、ay for students to bring coffee and tea with them when they study in the library. Most of these kids are responsible.W: “Most of“ them. Thats what worries me. Its always the one or two percent who are careless and make things worse for everybody. Besides, Edward, did you ever spill coffee at home?M:
24、 Well, yeah. Sometimes.W: Were you trying to spill it?M: No, of course not.W: Thats my point. Accidents happen, especially when were busy thinking hard about something else. For example, when were studying, we might spill our coffee or tea on expensive books or computers by accident. So we have no b
25、everage rule for a good reason.M: So you think this rule is right and the kid is wrong, dont you?W: Of course!Altermative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)disagreedissent(b)within walking distancenearby(c)fully concentrate onbe immersed in(d)followobey, heedParaphrases 1. Secondly, she realizes that drinks
26、are easily spilled on expensive books or computers accidentally./Secondly, she knows how easy it is to spill drinks on expensive books.2. Regardless of whether people are “careful“ or not, accidents do take place, especially when the drinkers are caught up in their studies.四、Question 4(总题数：1，分数：20.0
27、0)4.Customer Lock-InLock-in is a practice whereby manufacturers and service providers attempt to force existing customers to use only their products. This is most commonly done by making goods incompatible with competitors offerings. The practice has become especially prevalent in the computer and s
28、oftware industry. In effect, this creates a legal form of near-monopoly. A common advertising ruse here is to market the lock-in goods as “standard.“ The practice is harmful to consumers, because it drives up the price of repairs as lower-cost alternatives are not available.Question: Using informati
29、on from the reading and the lecture, explain the way that most companies lock in their consumers by making goods incompatible with competitors offerings.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(This lecture offers an example of product lock-in drawn from the professors own experience.Acc
30、ording to the professor, she has a camera made in Japan and has been pretty happy with it. But last year, the zoom lens was accidentally broken. So she looked for a replacement. However, the replacement made by another company was incompatible with her camera. In the end, she had to order a more exp
31、ensive lens from the company that had sold her the camera before. The example illustrates the negative side of lock-in products which limits customers choices and freedom to purchase the same sort of products that are made by other companies.)解析：听力原文W: OK, we all use computers, so we all know about
32、lock-in. But lets not talk about something complicated like PCs. Instead, I want to take an easy example like cameras.I have a camera from Japan. Its a good camera and Ive been happy with it. Until last summer, that is. My husband and I went on a trip to Alaska. The scenery was awesome! Sadly, the t
33、hird day there, I dropped my camera and broke the zoom lens. The little town we were in had just one camera shop. They had the perfect lens, and price wasnt bad either. But when I tried to have it installed on my camera, the lens would not fit! The repairman said there was nothing he could do. Many
34、companies make their goods incompatible with the competitors offerings.In the end, the problem almost spoiled my trip. Plus, when I got home, I had to order an expensive new lens from the Japanese company I bought my camera from, and the quality wasnt as good as the lens I had wanted to buy. So, as
35、you can see, the “lock-in“ products can be inconvenient and expensive to the consumer. But the companies love them because they force you to keep doing business with them.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)drawn fromtaken from (b)pretty happyquite happy(c)accidentallyinadvertently (d)negative side
36、downsideParaphrases 1. She has a Japanese camera that she has found highly satisfactory.2. The example highlights the disadvantages of lock-in, in that after purchase customers are effectively chained to goods from one company.五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possib
37、le solutions to the mans problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The man has injured his foot and needs to see the doctor. But he has a review session this afternoon. He is therefore facing a dilemma and d
38、oesnt know what to do.The woman insists he should go to the hospital now or else he can go tomorrow.I think the man should go to the hospital now, because if the mans injury is not treated soon, he might miss even more classes later.Also, even though the review session is important to him, he can bo
39、rrow notes from somebody else. So he need not miss anything important.)解析：听力原文W: Tom, are you okay? You should run over to the hospital. That toe may be broken.M: Owwww! No, its not so bad. Ow. And.youre funny. “Run“ to the hospital! I cant run at all.W: I meant to take a taxi. Here, Ill call one.M:
40、 No, no. I have a study session for my English Literature class this afternoon. If I go to the hospital, Ill probably have to wait two or three hours. Then Ill miss most of the review.W: I still think you should go. That toe is getting worse.M: Thats okay. See? I can stand up and walk. Besides, I re
41、ally need to go to that review session.W: But youre in pain! Of course, you could play Mr. Macho and go to the hospital tomorrow. But the toe might be even worse by then! That means youll have to miss even more time from school. You always say health is the most important thing. Act like it!M: The r
42、eview session is important, too! I dont want to miss it. No, the doctor can wait. My class comes first. You know, a man must ignore his own hurts.W: Tom, your injury will be worse tomorrow! You can count on it.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms injurehurt六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using
43、points and examples from the talk, explain the two types of adaptation of animals living in arctic area during the winter.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The lecture offers two examples of insect adaptation to cold areas like the ArcticThe first is called basking. This is a tactic often employed by butterflies, wh
44、ich have large wing areas. The insect spreads its wings out in the sun and absorbs as much heat as possible.Another method is freezing tolerance applied by arctic flies. These organisms have natural antifreeze in their bodies. It actually lets them survive freezing temperatures in the winter. Unlike
45、 most species of insects throughout the world, the arctic flies are able to survive harsh conditions and reproduce successfully.)解析：听力原文M: Clearly, the Arctic is one of the worlds harshest environments, even with global warming. Yet we still find bugs there! So, how do species like some insects surv
46、ive under such extreme temperatures? Well, there are a number of adaptations. Today Ill mention just two.The first is basking. Youve seen your cat lie in the sun, right? Arctic insects do the same thing: they get out in the sun and they expose as much of themselves as possible to that sunlight. Take the Arctic butterfly as an example. Its typical way of staying wa
