1、托福真题 2012 年 4 月 22 日及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Your friends want to drop out of university or college. Do you agree or disagree? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Do you agree or disagree that assignments handed
2、 in after the deadline should receive lower scores? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.A Letter from a StudentThis letter is to encourage the regents of Luther College to set aside at least five special scholarships for students choosing to m
3、ajor in chemistry. There are strong reasons for additional support for chemistry majors in particular. The first of these are the contributions chemistry majors have made to this schools reputation. A further reason for tendering this aid is that an increase in financial aid will provide high-qualit
4、y students with additional incentive to attend Luther College. Needless to say, a rise in the number of highly qualified students will only go to improve this schools already sterling reputation. Question: The man expresses his opinion about the proposal that the college should give more scholarship
5、s to chemistry majors. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_四、Question 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.Emotion Display RulesEmotion display rules are the unwritten and often unformulated “rules“ guiding the show of emo
6、tion in different cultures. They help determine which emotion can be shown in what way by whom and in what situation. Research has shown that not only deliberate but even spontaneous shows of emotion follow rules that vary with culture. Often, what emotion may be displayed and in what way change dep
7、ending on the agents age, gender, social status etc. One presently unpopular corollary to the existence of such rules is the implication that cultural stereotypes may, indeed, have a basis in fact. Question Explain how the example of the professors four-year-old daughter demonstrates the concept of
8、emotion display rules in the reading passage.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the mans problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and expl
9、ain why.（分数：20.00）_六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two effects the expansion of railroads had on business in the U.S.（分数：20.00）_托福真题 2012 年 4 月 22 日答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Your friends want to drop out of un
10、iversity or college. Do you agree or disagree? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: I would advise them not to drop out of college.Reason 1: The global job market has been in decline in recent years. If my friends want to drop out of school, I would tell them t
11、o stay in school because it is very hard for young people to find jobs without a college degree.Reason 2: Furthermore, since most companies expect their employees to have a degree, dropping out of school would hurt my friends chances of having a happy and stable life in the future.)解析：Alternative Wo
12、rding(替换表达)Synonyms (a)declinenosedive (b)stayremain(c)furthermoremoreover (d)hurtimpairParaphrases 1. Recently, the employment outlook has been moribund.2. The expectation of most companies is that prospective employees will have completed their degree.二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Do you agree or
13、disagree that assignments handed in after the deadline should receive lower scores? Please include specific details in your explanation.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: I believe that late assignments should not be scored equally with those submitted on time.Reason 1: Firstly, scoring late assignments equall
14、y would be unfair to other students. All students face pressure from deadlines, but for one pupil to receive special treatment while others actually get their work done on time would create further problems in grading.Reason 2: Letting lazy students turn in their assignments late for an equal grade
15、also encourages even more laziness and poor study habits in the future. If a student can turn in one paper late and get a high score, then he will repeat this bad habit in the future, and being unpunctual will become his or her normal routine.)解析：Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)scoringgrading (
16、b)unfairunjust(c)createbreed, foster (d)unpunctualchronically lateParaphrases Every student scrambles to meet deadlines, so according some preferential treatment only breeds further problems in grading.三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.A Letter from a StudentThis letter is to encourage the regents of Lu
17、ther College to set aside at least five special scholarships for students choosing to major in chemistry. There are strong reasons for additional support for chemistry majors in particular. The first of these are the contributions chemistry majors have made to this schools reputation. A further reas
18、on for tendering this aid is that an increase in financial aid will provide high-quality students with additional incentive to attend Luther College. Needless to say, a rise in the number of highly qualified students will only go to improve this schools already sterling reputation. Question: The man
19、 expresses his opinion about the proposal that the college should give more scholarships to chemistry majors. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(A letter from a student suggests that the college sh
20、ould set aside additional scholarships for students choosing to major in chemistry.The male student in the conversation disagrees with the letter. He offers two main reasons.First, he thinks that students should be rewarded if they fulfill the program requirements and earn rewards themselves, not si
21、mply for selecting a certain major. A chemistry degree from the college is a prize in itself, as he points out.Second, he thinks that instead of offering scholarships to students, the department should improve its equipment and facilities, which would benefit all students, faculty, and the school.)解
22、析：听力原文W: OK, Nick. I can see you want to say something. What is it?M: What? Ill tell you what! A guy is asking the school to provide more scholarships as a reward for chemistry majors.W: Chemistry is a really strong program here. Why shouldnt some lucky kids benefit?M: They have enough benefits alre
23、ady! The school gives them an opportunity to earn a degree. Do you know how much a student with a B.S. degree in chemistry earns? The degree is quite a prize in itself. Besides, students should earn their rewards themselves, not simply be rewarded for selecting a certain major.W: I know, I know. But
24、 lets be fair here. Chemistry is why this schools famous. So the Chemistry Department can give some reward to its students, right?M: There are always other ways to give rewards. The department can upgrade their labs, buy new equipment, subscribe to all the journals, and give their students really go
25、od training. Why just select five or six high-school geniuses? If the department did what I said, it would benefit the students, faculty, and the school.W: I guess so.M: Im going to do something about this. This is unfair to all other departments.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)set asidereserve
26、 (b)selectopt for(c)a prize in itselfreward enoughParaphrases 1. He maintains that rather than be rewarded for selecting a certain major, students should be recognized for genuine outstanding achievements.2. He thinks the money would be better spent upgrading facilities rather than on scholarships.四
27、、Question 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.Emotion Display RulesEmotion display rules are the unwritten and often unformulated “rules“ guiding the show of emotion in different cultures. They help determine which emotion can be shown in what way by whom and in what situation. Research has shown that not only delib
28、erate but even spontaneous shows of emotion follow rules that vary with culture. Often, what emotion may be displayed and in what way change depending on the agents age, gender, social status etc. One presently unpopular corollary to the existence of such rules is the implication that cultural stere
29、otypes may, indeed, have a basis in fact. Question Explain how the example of the professors four-year-old daughter demonstrates the concept of emotion display rules in the reading passage.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The professors main concern is to offer an example of emot
30、ion display rules in the lecture. He cites the case of his daughter.According to the lecture, the girl is four years old and a bit spoiled. Before her birthday party, her parents warned her not to show her dislike for any gifts she got. Then, on her birthday, her grandmother gave her an old-fashione
31、d dress. Before the girl showed she was sad, the mother said the dress was lovely. The girl took the hint, thanked her grandma and gave her a hug. story shows how a child might learn, and use the emotion display rules.)解析：听力原文M: Today Id like to get back to something easier: Emotion Display Rules. A
32、s we said during the last class, these are rules that govern how we show emotion, depending on our culture.Anyhow, Id like to open with an example of my daughter Sally who is only 4 years old. Shes a little spoiled. So before the birthday party last year, both I and my wife told her that if she got
33、a present she didnt like, she shouldnt say so.Sure enough, her grandmother gave her a dress that was cute but really old-fashioned. I could almost FEEL how much Sally disliked it. Luckily, her mom saved the day. She told Sally the clothes were just lovely. Sallys a smart kid. She picked up the cloth
34、es and smiled and gave her grandma a big hug. Of course, she still dislikes wearing the dress, but during the time Grandma visited, she was smiling.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)a bit spoileda bit of a brat (b)old-fashionedoutmoded(c)showdisplay (d)take a hinttake a cue from(e)give a hugembra
35、ceParaphrases 1. The girl was admonished by her parents not to communicate her displeasure over anything she received as a gift.2. The story illustrates how such rules are inculcated in and internalized by children.五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possible solutions
36、 to the mans problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The man just broke an expensive lamp that belongs to his roommate.His friend thinks he should either replace the lamp or at least buy a cheap one to fix
37、 the current situation.Personally speaking, I prefer the second solution because the replacement is too expensive, and he cannot afford to buy one. Therefore, to solve the problem, the man simply needs to buy a cheaper lamp first. Then, he can begin to save up money to replace the one he broke. This
38、 way, he can avoid his roommates displeasure.)解析：听力原文W: Hello Stan. Whats going on here.a little accident?M: Well, I just fell and broke my roommates lamp.W: Thats terrible! Maybe you should drink less wine, eh?M: Thanks! It really is broken. What can I do? My roommate will be angry when he sees it.
39、W: Why not just go over to that big shopping center? Im sure they have one like it.M: I would. But this is a good lamp. Im pretty sure I couldnt afford one like it.W: Well, you need light in here. Just go and buy a cheaper one you can afford.M: Yeah I could. But my roommate would be pretty angry whe
40、n he sees it. Hed know his was broken.W: So what are you going to do?M: I really dont know.Alternative Wording (替换表达)Synonyms (a)fixremedy (b)save upset aside(c)avoiddefuse六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two effects the expansion of railro
41、ads had on business in the U.S.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(According to the lecture, railroads had two main impacts on American business. First of all, the railways made shipping goods almost anywhere easy and fast. This in turn encouraged the growth of factories and retailers. A city-wide business now became
42、nationwide or even covered the continent.Second, factories were no longer closely tied to energy-rich areas like coal fields, or iron-mining areas. Factories could be built wherever businessmen chose. This tended to be in areas offering cheap and plentiful labor.)解析：听力原文W: Living in this, the late A
43、utomobile Age, it is difficult to imagine the impacts that railroads had on American business and culture. In todays lecture, Id like to sketch out two broad effects railroads had on business.First of all and most obviously, railroads made for the easy shipment of goods. A journey that took all day
44、by horse cart, now took an hour and soon less. A weeks travel shrank to less than half a day. So, say you were a watchmaker. Before the railroad, you could only sell to customers in your city. With the coming of trains, you could sell anywhere the railroad went. Thats not all. You could now sell eve
45、rywhere on a global scale. That is, your number of potential customers multiplied hugely! So thats right, the easy shipment of goods was an invitation for making shops and factories bigger and bigger. Second, factories could now be located anywhere. In the early days of industry factories were tied
46、to coal-mining regions because their machinery ran on steam power, and steam takes heat; the fires need coal. The early industrial regions, the north of England, Germanys Ruhr region, and the Midwest were all coal-rich areas. They were also iron- producing regions as well. With trains, though, coal and ore could be transported to the population centers. This not on
