1、职称英语理工类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-13 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Crayfish, small freshwater crustacean similar to lobsters, are consumed by inhabitants of the Mississippi River Basin.（分数：1.00）A.bredB.caughtC.eatenD.supplied2.Photojournalist Margaret Bourke-White became famous for
2、 her coverage of significant events during the Second World War.（分数：1.00）A.usageB.camouflageC.collageD.reportage3.Needlepoint has always been an elegant and costly form of embroidery.（分数：1.00）A.expensiveB.beautifulC.popularD.complicated4.The graduate students will convene in the Student Union.（分数：1.
3、00）A.converseB.meetC.summonD.raze5.The cheetah is considered the fastest of all land animals.（分数：1.00）A.regarded asB.substituted forC.compelled to beD.expected to he6.Writing is a skill that requires consistent practice.（分数：1.00）A.invariableB.orderlyC.regularD.customary7.What he said was contrariwis
4、e to what we expected.（分数：1.00）A.ironicB.innateC.oppositeD.circumspect8.Some birds consistently return to the same nesting area each spring.（分数：1.00）A.occasionallyB.purposelyC.regularlyD.surprisingly9.Cold air causes the arteries around the heart to constrict.（分数：1.00）A.become rigidB.contractC.close
5、D.die10.A person who deals with the public must be courteous at all times, even when he or she is very tired.（分数：1.00）A.forthrightB.politeC.decisiveD.neat11.The new theory was corroborated.（分数：1.00）A.confirmedB.bleachedC.hurledD.refrained12.Groundwater, a resource that exists everywhere beneath the
6、Earths surface, is under increasing risk from contamination and overuse.（分数：1.00）A.popularizationB.contractionC.pollutionD.industrialization13.The ability to contemplate two contradictory thoughts at once is said to be a mark of genius.（分数：1.00）A.hypotheticalB.profoundC.opposingD.mathematical14.Cert
7、ain colors when incorporated into the decor of a room can produce a cozy atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.lightB.roomyC.clutteredD.comfortable15.Mary McCarthys satires are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.（分数：1.00）A.fusedB.prefacedC.standardizedD.expressed二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下
8、面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BHelp Your Child Become a Reader/BEncouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading sk
9、ills, there are many techniques that can help.Make reading fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional childrens games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.While reading or during play, tell your child, “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b.” Help
10、 the child find something on the page or in the room that begins with that letter. For example. “I see a barn.” This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds. “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the sounds.” Help the child find a word that begins with the “s” sound.In this
11、 variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, “Simon says, point to something that starts with the letter n.” The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.Make a game
12、out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhyme with the childs name of favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.Tips to raise a successful
13、reader:Put books in places where the child plays. If books are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.Let children “read to you” by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.Take books along on trip
14、s or even short visits to the doctors office or grocery store.Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.（分数：7.00）(1).A good reading habit can help your child do well at school.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Co
15、mputer games can be used to help children develop their reading skills.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).One of the useful games is to play spy.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).When playing a game you should ask your child to find something starting with the le
16、tter b instead of c.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The purpose of the rhyming games is to make preparations for children to write poems.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).You can ask your child to tell stories based on pictures.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C
17、.C. Not mentioned(7).You should take books with you when you go out with your child.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BEarthquake/B1. Every
18、 year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the d
19、estruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from land-slides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.2. There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them
20、are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.3. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the e
21、arths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift.4. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists
22、 are working an ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.5. Certain phenomena have been observe
23、d which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _A. Earthquakes
24、 Forecast（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Not all damage during an earthquake is caused_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Not all earthquakes are strong enough_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Scientists have been working hard to warn peop
25、le_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Earthquakes can be predicted by observing_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB Culture, Language and Equality/BCulture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and way
26、s of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intr
27、insic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “back
28、ward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns o
29、r grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabu
30、lary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous an
31、d complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This
32、study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.（分数：15.00）(1).The author uses “backward” here to indicate that_.（分数：3.00）A.backward languages are connected with backward groupsB.
33、backward languages are connected with backward culturesC.backward languages are moving forwardD.there is no such thing as backward languages(2).The example of American Indian languages in the passage is to illustrate that_.（分数：3.00）A.American Indian languages are not backwardB.“backward” languages a
34、re borrowing from other languagesC.“backward” languages may possess quite complicated vocabulariesD.Western languages may also borrow from “backward” languages(3).According to the author, “backward” languages tend to expand in_.（分数：3.00）A.grammatical structuresB.vocabulariesC.complicationD.sound pat
35、terns(4).Judging from the passage, the author might be_.（分数：3.00）A.an American IndianB.a CanadianC.an AfricanD.a Japanese(5).The best title for this passage is_.（分数：3.00）A.Criticism of Language HierarchyB.Cultural Englitarian from the Perspectives of LanguageC.Expansion of “Backward” LanguageD.Criti
36、cism of Language HierarchyB第二篇/BB The Development of PR/BThe rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an Am
37、erican invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years age, for example, the worlds top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creativ
38、e. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies. It may not belong before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race?
39、 Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, American lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 p
40、ercent of Bur son-Marshalls U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs.
41、In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CN
42、N (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the p
43、assage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of_.（分数：3.00）A.shrinking cultural differences and new communication technologiesB.increased efforts of other countries in public relationsC.an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesD.the decreasing num
44、ber of multinational corporations technologies(2).The underlined word “provincial” (Para.3) most probably means“_”.（分数：3.00）A.rigid in thinkingB.interested in world financial affairsC.like people from the provincesD.limited in outlook(3).London could soon replace New York as the centre of PR because
45、_.（分数：3.00）A.British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companiesB.British companies are heavily involved in planning activitiesC.British companies are more ambitious than U. S.D.Four of the worlds top public relations agencies are British-owned(4).We learn from the third paragraph that
46、 employees in the American PR industry_.（分数：3.00）A.enjoy reading a great variety of English business publicationsB.speak at least one foreign language fluentlyC.are ignorant about world geographyD.are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts(5).What lesson might be the PR industry take fr
47、om Ted Turner of CNN? _.（分数：3.00）A.The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.B.People involved in PR should avoid suing the word “foreign”.C.American PR companies should be more internationally minded.D.People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.B
48、第三篇/BB Mysterious Nazca Drawings/BOne of the most mysterious archaeological spectacles in the world is the immense complex of geometrical symbols, giant ground-drawings of birds and animals, and hundreds of long, ruler-straight lines, some right across mountains, which stretch over 1,200 square miles of the Peruvian tablelands, at Nazca.Nazca was first revealed to modern eyes in 1926 when three explorers looked down on the desert from a hillside at dusk and briefly saw a Nazca line highlighted by the rays of the sun. But it was not until the Peruvian airfor
