1、英语翻译高级口译-29 及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Spot Dictatio(总题数：1，分数：30.00)It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy (1) Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had (2) thrust upon them at the (3) their career. They were introduce
2、d to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives (4) . I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately (5) of business education. But if by chance (6) is absent any morning, the boy who (7) of the future partner in him will not (8) his hand
3、at the broom. The other day a (9) in Michigan asked a young man whether he had ever seen a lady sweep in a room (10) her Priscilla. He said no, he never had, and the mother was (11) , but then said he, after a pause, “What I should like to see her do is sweep out a room“. It does not (12) to sweep o
4、ut the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself. (13) you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “ (14) “. I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partner or the (15) . Do not rest content for a moment in your (16
5、) , or foreman, or general manager in any concern, (17) . Say to yourself, “My place is at the top. “ Be king in your dreams. And here is the (18) , the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, (19)
6、on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, (20) , and know the most about it.（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B Listening Com(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are bas
7、ed on the following conversation.（分数：5.00）(1).A. He painted it. B. He renovated it. C. He decorated it. D. He altered it.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. For fun. B. For his disabled son. C. For the prize he won. D. For selling the house at a higher price.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He will buy a new house. B. H
8、e will save it for his son. C. He will start his own business. D. He will teach others about DIY.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. 10,000 pounds. B. 1,000 pounds. C. 100,000 pounds. D. 100 pounds.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Electrics. B. Smoke alarms. C. The ceiling. D. Thomass wheelchair.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questio
9、ns 6 to 10 are based on the following news.（分数：5.00）(1).A. 24. B. More than 200. C. 60. D. 120.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To carry out a current reform. B. To tighten domestic market activity. C. To create a sudden rise in demand in North Korea for Chinese Yuan and U.S. dollars. D. To trade with China
10、more regularly.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Rebuke the IAEA. B. Criticize the IAEA rebuke of Tehrans nuclear program. C. Give up its rights to produce nuclear power. D. Stop the strategic relations with some countries.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To issue a statement to denounce genocide and war crimes. B. To
11、 set up a permanent criminal court to punish heinous crimes. C. To ratify a treaty establishing an international criminal court. D. To appeal to other countries to sign up the treaty.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. U.S. is the strongest economy in the world. B. The productive capacity of U. S. economy. C. C
12、hange in U. S. dollars role as the worlds primary reserve currency. D. Americas massive indebtedness and a sharp boost in U. S. government spending.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.（分数：5.00）(1).A. An actress. B. A singer. C. A dancer. D. An air-hostess.（分数：1.0
13、0）A.B.C.D.(2).A. 9-to-5 office clerk. B. Taxi driver. C. Architect. D. Executive.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The woman doesnt look after her voice. B. Talking and laughing can damage your voice as much as singing. C. Talking slowly helps protect your voice. D. The woman occasionally works on weekends.（分
14、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Because she had to stay at the studio until very late. B. Because she had forgotten about the appointment.C. Because she doesnt like her old friends any more. D. Because she is rarely punctual for a dinner party.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Family life of an artist. B. The womans am
15、bitions in her profession. C. Something related to a music career. D. What the critics have said about the vocalist.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.（分数：5.00）(1).A. 250,000. B. 350,000. C. 3, 000,000. D. 3,500,000.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The demolition of more and
16、more low-income housing. B. The rising cost of buying or renting a house. C. A rapid increase of unemployment rate. D. A large number of immigrants moving into this country.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Over 60 percent of them are single mothers with small children. B. Around 20 percent of them are mental
17、ly ill. C. These people usually have a large family. D. The typical “street person“ is a white male with a poorly-paid job.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Because the government is too short of fund to provide sufficient cheap housing. B. Because people are indifferent, paying no attention to the problems o
18、f others. C. Because people who are concerned just dont know how to help the homeless. D. Because the “me-generation“ are concerned only with their own affairs and interests.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. To know the homeless and understand how they became that way. B. To launch an all-out war on poverty n
19、ationwide. C. To provide more affordable housing. D. To donate to the housing fund.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Questions 15 In early June, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)the club of the worlds wealthy and almost wealthy nations released a 2
20、08-page document perversely titled “Pensions at a Glance“. Inside is a rundown of how generous OECD members are to their burgeoning ranks of retirees. The US is near the bottom, with the average wage earner able to count on a government-mandated pension for just 52.4% of what he got (after taxes) in
21、 his working daysand higher-income workers even less. But the picture at the other end of the scale (dominated by Continental Europe) is misleading. Most of these governments havent put aside money for pensions. As the ranks of retirees grow and workforces do not, countries will have to either reneg
22、e on commitments or tax the hides off future workers. What the OECD data seem to suggest is that you can run a retirement plan thats fiscally sound but stingy, or you can make big promises that will eventually go sour. The US fits mostly in the former categoryfor all the gnashing of teeth about Soci
23、al Security, its funding problems are modest by global standards. But is that really the choice? Actually, no. At least one country appears to have found a better way. In the Netherlands“the globes No.1 pensions country,“ says influential retirement-plan consultant Keith Ambachtsheerthe average reti
24、ree can count on a pension equal to 96.8% of his working income. Ample money is set aside to fund pensions, and it is invested prudently but not timidly. Companies contribute to employees accounts but arent stuck with profit-killing obligations if their business shrinks or the stock market tanks. Th
25、e Dutch have steered a middle way between irresponsible Continental generosity and practical Anglo-American stinginess. They have also, to lapse into pension jargon, split the difference between DB and DC plans. In a defined-benefit (DB) plan, workers are promised a retirement income, and the sponso
26、rusually a corporation or governmentis on the hook to provide it. In a defined-contribution (DC) plan, the worker and sometimes the employer set aside money and hope it will be enough. The big problem with DB is that sponsors are prone to lowball or ignore the true cost. In the U. S. , where corpora
27、te pensions provide a key supplement to Social Security, Congress has felt the need to pass multiple laws aimed at preventing companies from underfunding them. In response, some companies spent billions shoring up their funds; many others simply stopped offering pensions. Just since 2004, at least 6
28、6 big companies have frozen or terminated their DB plans, estimates Barclays Global Investors. Corporate DB has given way to individual DC plans like the 401(k) and IRA, but these put too much responsibility on the shoulders of individual workers. Many dont save enough money, and those who do set as
29、ide enough earn returns that are on average much lower than those of pension funds. The Netherlands, like the US, has long relied on workplace pensions to supplement its government plan. The crucial difference is that these pensions were mandatory. Smaller employers had to band together to make a go
30、 of it, and industry-wide funds became standard. Run more as independent cooperatives than as captive corporate divisions, the Dutch funds were less prone to underfunding than their US counterparts. When they nonetheless ran into financial trouble in 2002 after the stock market crashed and interest
31、rates sank, the country came up with a unique response. The Dutch funds are now no longer on the hook for providing a set income in retirement no matter what happens to financial markets that is, theyve gone DCbut they didnt shunt everything to individual workers. Risks are shared by all the members
32、 of a pension fund, and the money is managed by professionals. Pension consultant Ambachtsheer argues that this “collective DC“ is just what the U. S. needs. Many companies here are improving 401(k)s to give employees more guidance, and theres talk in Washington of supplementing (not supplanting) So
33、cial Security with near mandatory retirement accounts. But even those changes would fall well short of going Dutch. Countries dont always set aside enough money to pay for the pensions they promise.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the report released by OECD, _.A. the US does not have big pension problems
34、 in comparison with other countries B. continental Europe is in fact not doing that well with retirement-related issues C. governments are generally reneging on their promises with pension problems D. countries are all doing pretty well with retirement issues（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the pas
35、sage, in Netherlands, _. A. workers enjoy the highest income in the world B. companies generally stop contributing to employees accounts in bad times of economy C. pension policies bear no resemblance with that of the United States D. corporate effort goes together with governmental patronage in pen
36、sion providing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).All of the following are TRUE about DB plan EXCEPT that _. A. the sponsor provides retirement income when the money workers have been setting aside is not enough B. it is adopted in the United States C. under a DB plan, companies may provide less money for pensions
37、 than needed D. currently it is not as preferred as individual DC plans in the United States（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).The 2002 financial trouble of Netherlands is mentioned in the passage to show _. A. how the country came up with unique response in this financial crisis B. how closely economy is related
38、 to social welfare C. any country might run into financial trouble no matter how strong its pension system is D. the countrys pension system is stronger in coping with shocks（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The sentence “But even those changes would fall well short of going Dutch. “ in the last paragraph is clo
39、sest in meaning to _. A. US effort to change is far from enough to catch up with Netherlands B. US effort to change will not help to provide retirees with enough money to go to Holland C. changes made in the United States will not make everybody pay the same amount of money D. changes made in the Un
40、ited States will never improve the countrys social security system（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Questions 610 Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much
41、money to throw around. “Its iniquitous,“ they say, “that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? Aft
42、er all, its the consumer who pays. “ The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertisin
43、g is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wan
44、ted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. , from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days.
45、And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A che
46、erful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this sou
47、rce of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustnt forget is the “small ads. “ which are in vi
48、rtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch“ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony“ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight in
