1、英语翻译高级口译-高级阅读(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSECTION 1 READI(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, A. B. C. or D. to each question.Audiences from minority ethnic groups compla
2、ined about tokenism, negative stereotyping and simplistic portrayal of their communities on television in a report published yesterday. But programmes such as the comedy shows Goodness Gracious Me and Ali G and the long-running soap Coronation Street were praised as being steps in the right directio
3、n.The report, Multicultural Broadcasting: Concept and Reality, was released by the BBC, the Broadcasting Standards Commission, the Independent Television Commission and the Radio Authority. It explores attitudes towards multicultural broadcasting from the perspective of the audience and from within
4、the television, radio and advertising industries. All those questioned from minority ethnic groups said their country of origin was not represented at all or was negatively portrayed on television. There was also a sense of insufficient coverage of events concerning their countries of origin.The per
5、spectives of ethnic and racial minorities were not featured sufficiently on terrestrial television, according to 69% of those working in television. Of the radio sample, 45% agreed. There was concern about stereotypical portrayal of certain issues. Groups from the Asian subcontinent spoke of the way
6、 in which arranged marriages were presented on television. They felt treatment of the issue was neither accurate nor reflective of the way in which the system had changed.The issue of tokenism was also significantsome people felt characters from minority ethnic groups were included in programmes bec
7、ause it was expected they should be, resulting in characters who were ill-drawn and unimportant. Audiences felt broadcasters had a social duty to include authentic and fair representations of minorities as it would foster understanding of different cultures and allow children to see themselves repre
8、sented positively. It was seen as important that minority groups should be included in soap operas or game shows, as they have high viewing figures. They should also be more represented as presenters in news and documentary programming.Audiences from the subcontinent said they did not want to be lab
9、elled Asian and called for their distinctive cultural identities to be acknowledged. Similarly, those within mixed-race black groups said their issues were rarely represented.Throughout the audience research was an underlying feeling that as all people paid a licence fee for the BBC, it had a greate
10、r obligation to cater to minority tastes. Younger white participants tended to find it divisive to have programmes aimed at particular groups, and thought it better to concentrate on achieving fairer representation in the mainstream.Both audience and industry groups agreed that although progress had
11、 been made in the past five years, there still needed to be better representation of minorities on screen and behind the scenes.It is apparent in the report that ethnic minority groups are still under-represented in employment. Only 32% of people in radio and 22% of those in TV agreed that numbers o
12、f people from minorities in decision-making roles had increased in the last five years. But the overwhelming feeling among those working in the advertising industry was that commercial objectives should take priority. Paul Bolt, director of the BSC, said: “The report shows where things are now and w
13、hat can be done in developing future policies.“Weakness in numbers The number of people from minority ethnic groups on air has increased. Only 32% of the TV industry sample thought there had been a growth in programming relevant to the groups. In radio the figure was 63%. Only 32% of those working i
14、n radio and 22% in television agreed the number of ethnic minority staff in decision-making roles had increased in the last five years. The perspectives of ethnic and racial minorities were not featured sufficiently on terrestrial TV, according to 69% of those in television. Of the radio sample, 45%
15、 agreed this was true.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage? A. The issue of tokenism on television implies the prejudice against ethnic minorities. B. The report is based only on the investigation of the audience from minority groups. C. People working in telev
16、ision, radio and advertising industries are all investigated. D. People working in the advertising industry are more concerned with commercial targets.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be concluded from the passage that _. A. the report on multicultural broadcasting is made and released by BBC B. fair rep
17、resentation of minorities should be based on understanding of different cultures C. the situation of tokenism in television, radio and advertising industries varies greatly from one another D. employment of ethnic minorities is well represented on terrestrial television（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.Civil-liberti
18、es advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over
19、 information on its users search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the gover
20、nments continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon porn. In order to
21、conduct a controlled experimentto be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statisticsthe DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offer
22、s, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors“ might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has no right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,“ said Google attorn
23、ey Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objec
24、tionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one weeks worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJs strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the
25、built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all alongyou dont need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting mi
26、nors from inadvertently seeing adult content,“ says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, its possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who w
27、as doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJs Miller, “Im assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.“ Privacy advocates fear that if the gover
28、nment request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a
29、window into peoples personalities,“ says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders. “（分数：15.00）(1).When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft
30、 to turn over information on its users search behavior, the major intention is _. A. to protect national security B. to help protect personal freedom C. to monitor Internet pornography D. to implement the Child Online Protection Act（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Google refused to turn over “its proprietary in
31、formation“ (para. 2) required by DOJ as it believes that _. A. it is not involved in the court case B. users privacy is most important C. the government has violated the First Amendment D. search terms is the companys business secret（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “scaled back to“ in the sentence “t
32、he request has been scaled back to one weeks worth of search queries“ (para. 3) can be replaced by _. A. maximized to B. minimized to C. returned to D. reduced to（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJs strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case“ (para
33、. 4), the expression “sink its own case“ most probably means that the experiment could _. A. counterattack the opposition B. lead to blocking of porn sites C. provide evidence to disprove the case D. give full ground to support the case（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be
34、able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders“ (para. 5), the expression “Big Brother“ is used to refer to _. A. a friend or relative showing much concern B. a colleague who is much more experienced C. a dominating and all-powerful ruling powe
35、r D. a benevolent and democratic organization（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.Historically, TVs interest in “green“ issues has been limited to the green that spends and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are
36、as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.But with the greening of politics and pop culturefrom Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons MovieTV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-the
37、med episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a “Going Green“ segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. (“Dammit, Chloe, theres no time! The polar ice caps going to melt in 15 minutes!“)On HGTVs Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips
38、 for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs! while Sundance airs its documentary block “The Green“. MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a “green“ house. Next year Discovery launches 24-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan vali
39、dated this spring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. “Green is part of Discoverys heritage,“ says Planet Green president Eileen ONeill. “But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we could do a better job positioning ourselves. “Clearly th
40、is is not all pure altruism. Those popular, energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBCs owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. “When you have them being a market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people listen to that on the TV side,“ says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo
41、Media president, who is heading NBCs effort. And green pitches resonate with young and well-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green weeks appeal to schedule it in sweeps.Its an unlikely marriage
42、of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowes and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternatives to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances,
43、 hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junknot the friendliest sell to advertisers.The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bioni
44、c Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Foxs green promises. “Itll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid.“Will it work? Green is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programsthough e
45、nlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Office. Even Begleyformerly of St. Elsewherenotes that the movie Chin
46、atown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: “Its a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in.“Of course, in an era of rampant product placement, there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wastefu
47、l light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challengefor viewers as well as programmersis not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isnt enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy Awards, for a start, aims to be car
48、bon neutral, solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for production assistantsthough the Academy cancelled Foxs idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hollywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.（分数：15
49、.00）(1).Which of the following does NOT serve as the example to support the statement “TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon“ (para. 2)? A. MTV: The Real World. Hollywood will be set in a “green“ house. B. NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued. C. NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned. D. CBS: A “Going Green“ program has been added to The Early Show.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By stating that “Clearly thi
