1、职称英语综合类 B级-32 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The police gave a lot of aid during the accident. A. alarm B. help C. call D. fight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.They can put up with the poor living condition. A. bear B. accept C. support D. refuse（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.We can only depend on
2、 ourselves instead of others. A. stem B. rely C. develop D. deprive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.I am in favor of his plan because it is reasonable. A. reject B. accept C. choose D. support（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The new students were surprised by what they saw on campus. A. moved B. touched C. shocked D. worried（分
3、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The governor gave a rather determined explanation to the public. A. unclear B. firm C. short D. vague（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.A great deal has been done to better the situation. A. change B. improve C. assess D. harm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.They have the competence to take this job. A. possibil
4、ity B. reality C. capacity D. probability（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.That is the only key to the question asked by the teacher. A. problem B. mistake C. result D. answer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The little boy was sad because he had made a big mistake. A. large B. serious C. good D. bad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.After ca
5、reful consideration, he decided to give up the ide a.A. mentionB. acceptC. considerD. drop（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The horrible news really made us sad. A. attractive B. terrible C. interesting D. serious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is obvious that he will win the game at last. A. likely B. possibly C. clearly
6、 D. finally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The manager gave us a brief introduction about this company. A. short B. detailed C. formal D. long（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.These programmes are of immense importance to the young students. A. natural B. fatal C. slight D. eaormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00
7、)2. The Roots of Genea logyGenealogy(家系学) ,the study of family history, is the second most popular hobby in America today. Millions of Americans spend their free time trying to trace their family lines, some reaching as far back as a thousand years. This interest in family history is not new. Many p
8、eople remember their ancestors and honor them by passing on family names or keeping their stories alive. In fact, as a country, America showed its first real interest in genealogy in the 1890s. At this time, organizations such as the Daughters of the American Revolution were created to connect peopl
9、e with ancestors who played a part in early American history. But Americas interest in genealogy has grown over the past few decades, largely for two reasons.One of the causes of genealogys most recent growth in popularity might be Alex Haleys book Roots ,which follows one mans family through slaver
10、y and all the way back to 18th century Africa. In one year, more than one million copies of the book were sold. In 1977 ,Roots was made into a television miniseries, which was watched by approximately 130 million people. At the time, that was the biggest audience any television program had ever had.
11、 People not only enjoyed the story of Roots, but also were interested in the idea that one man could learn so much about his familys history. The idea that a man living in America in the twentieth century might have a direct link to important moments in history inspired many Americans to do their ow
12、n genealogical studies and trace their own threads in the fabric of world history.The Internet has also contributed to the enormous popularity of genealogy today because it is so convenient and vast. Before the Internet, people had to go to libraries and public records facilities to find information
13、 about their ancestors. But now, with a computer, anyone can access thousands of genealogy websites. While many of these websites contain useful information and resources, the Internet also provides people with the opportunity to meet hundreds, even thousands of other genealogists. Occasionally, gen
14、ealogists even meet distant members of their own families and are able to share valuable research with each other.（分数：7.00）(1).Genealogy is a very new hobby in America today.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).In the 1890s, organizations were formed to help Americans remember their ancestors.（
15、分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The Daughters of the American Revolution was among top organizations then.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Alex Haley was not a successful writer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).People enjoyed Roots because it showed them they could learn s
16、o much about their ancestors.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The Interact has replaced libraries and public records facilities in the study of genealogy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Genealogists are rich and respectable.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总
17、题数：2，分数：8.00)Geology and Health1 The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the Dast few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodin
18、e contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.2 The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively re
19、move from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.3 So far there is no data to suggest that
20、people living on metal - rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal -rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested
21、 or metal - rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal - rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal- rich soil.4 Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the envi
22、ronment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean -up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.5 In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have n
23、ot been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteri a.6 There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long - term h
24、ealth effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background i
25、nformation on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.A. No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soilB. Potential hazards of human contaminated soilsC. Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chainD. Geology and health
26、 problemsE. Rocks - the ultimate source of soil pollutionF. Long -term health effects on children（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. industrially polluted soils B. rock and soil chemistry C.
27、naturally polluted soils D. the pathways of metals into the food chain E. the element of iodine F. the persistence of heavy metals（分数：4.00）(1).Some serious diseases are connected with deficiency of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due t
28、o their knowledge on 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean - up due to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).It is extremely necessary to study the long -term effects caused by living on 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Are G8 Climate
29、 Targets Realistic?The commitment by G8 nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050. Nothing else than a top -to -bottom refit can do the job.Virtually all electricity generation will have to come from renewables, nuclear power or so - called“ clean“ coalif that technology can be made
30、to work on a commercial scale.The amount of electricity generated in Western countries will have to rise significantly doubling or even treblingas transport and the heating systems for homes and businesses switch away- fromfossilfuels.Alongside a re - fuelling revolution would go a frugality revolut
31、ion, as societies put an end to energy wastage.But so far, leaders have not talked collectively of how start this revolution.And that is what makes some suspicious that the big targets are more about dressing windows than about re - writing the worlds energy rulebook.Another generator of suspicion i
32、s that the target is dim in the futurea time when. as the UKs climate and energy secretary Ed Miliband admits, none of the leaders setting the target are likely to be in office and able to be held accountable.Do governments set targets on, say, the number of people in higher education 41 year in adv
33、ance?Generally speaking, they do not.The EU and Japan have set 2020 targets domestically, and legislation going through the US Congress should lead to a commitment from Washington too.Many EU nations are in reality struggling to meet even their far more modest Kyoto Protocol commitments.Funding head
34、acheSo now, G8 leaders will try to persuade some major developing countries to have global emissions by 2050.Governments such as Chinas that are concerned about climate impacts may find the figure desirable.But they are unlikely to be impressed with what they see as fine words from the West unmatche
35、d by real short- term commitments.Unmatched, too, by money. So if the West wants the developing world to go through its own energy revolution, it is going to have to fund a lot of it. This time developing country governments are likely to want to see the money itself rather than some amorphous pledg
36、e.（分数：15.00）(1).How much emissions reduction is set by G8 nations by 2050?（分数：3.00）A.By 20%B.By 80%C.To 80%D.To 50%(2).According to the passage, what is NOT mentioned as things should be done to achieve the target?（分数：3.00）A.All electricity should be from renewable sources.B.The transportation and h
37、eating systems should get rid of fossil fuels.C.No energy waste will take place.D.The demand on electricity will be reduce(3).What is the meaning of dressing windows?（分数：3.00）A.A body - sized mirror for people to look up when dressingB.A window where the dressings are exhibitedC.A presentation that
38、misleads peoples judgementD.A kind of decoration used in house design(4).What is NOT the reason why this target is suspectable in its convinceness?（分数：3.00）A.The leaders who set the target will be retire in 2020, and are not accountable anymore.B.Usually governments wont set a target for future with
39、 such an extented time span.C.The western countries are not cooperative in reducing gas emmissions.D.Many EU nations are difficult to meet a morderate target in reducing emmission now.(5).According the passage, what the West should do to propel the developing conutry to take part in the revolution?（
40、分数：3.00）A.To reduce their own gas emission to set an example.B.To provide financial support to the developing countries.C.To provide techinical support to the developing countries.D.To listen to the poorest countries voices, this tim六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Large Thighs“ May Protect Heart“Men and women
41、with thighs over 60cm(23.6in)in circumference have a lower risk of heart disease and early death ,a study of 3,000 people suggests.The relationship remains even when body fat, smoking and blood cholesterol are taken into account, a Danish team says.Those with narrow thighs may not have enough muscle
42、 mass to deal with insulin properly, raising the risk of diabetes and, in turn, heart disease, they say.Some said it was too early to change current advice on eating and exercise for heart health.The study ,published in the British Medical Journal, followed men and women in Denmark for more than 10
43、years.They were measured for height, weight and thigh, hip and waist circumference and their overall percentage of body fat was calculated. The thigh measurement was taken just below the gluteal fold, which is the crease caused by your buttocks.Researchers also looked at the activity levels of the p
44、articipants, whether they smoked, their blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They then monitored incidence of heart disease over 10 years and death rates over 12 - and - a - half years.The team at the Copenhagen University Hospital found that those with the smallest thighsbe- low 55cmhad twice the
45、risk of early death or serious health problems.Professor Befit Heitmann, who led the research, said:“ The increased risk was independent of abdominal and general obesity and lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure. “Additionally we found that the risk was more highly related
46、 to thigh circumference than to waist circumierence. “The nice thing is that if you have a small thigh you call do something about it through exercise. “Previous studies have suggested that a waist circumference of over 35in(88.9cm) for a woman and 40in(101.6era) for a man indicated a high risk of d
47、eveloping diabetes and heart disease.Professor Heitmanns team says the risk of narrow thighs could be associated with too little muscle mass.They say this can lead to the body not responding to insulin properly, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and, in the long- run, heart disease.（分数：15.00）(1
48、).According to the passage, why is it believed that people with narrow thighs may have higher risks of heart disease?（分数：3.00）A.Because smoking can increase insulin.B.Because high blood cholestrol can destroy insulin.C.Because body fat can increase insulin.D.Because there are no enough muscle mass t
49、o deal with insulin.(2).What did the research NOT do with the participants in the study?（分数：3.00）A.To measure their height and weight.B.To measure their thigh, hip and waist circumference.C.To calculate their body blood percentage.D.To change their eating habit.(3).According to Professor Befit Heitmann, which one of the following elements is most closely rel
