1、专业八级-163 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：2，分数：60.00)A Short History of the Origins and Development of English. Origins dated back to 1 of three Germanic tribes: the Angles, 2 and the Jutes. . Development of English A. Old English 1. much more highly in
2、flected 3 than Middle English 2. consists of most 4 words and some borrowed ones B. Middle English 1. French words were 5 the vocabulary 2. much change on grammar and 6 C. Early Modem English 1. elimination of a vowel sound in certain 7 positions 2. the Great Vowel Shift 3. invention of printing: 1)
3、 common language appearing 8 2) bringing 9 to English 4. a period of English Renaissance: borrowing words from French, Latin, Greek D. Late Modem English two principal factors 10 more words: 1. the Industrial Revolution and technology 2. 11 foreign words from many countries . Main influencing factor
4、s on the varieties of English A. the English 12 of North America example: trash for rubbish; 13 for lend etc. B. 14 words like canyon, ranch, stampede etc. C. French words D. 15 words （分数：30.00）Time Management for College StudentsTime you spent in high school is totally different from that in colleg
5、e. It is a critical transition and is important for you to recognize that you are alone 16 how you spend your time. . Differences of time spent from high school 1. 17 time by yourself rather than others 2. having 18 workloads 3. focusing on true 19 of a subject 4. filling with conflicting 20 . Tips
6、of time management 1. using a 21 benefits: a) add 22 structures to your schedule b) 23 your schedule 2. planning your time a) reason: may not have enough time to accomplish all tasks b) give 24 for each assignment c) 25 some time for study breaks 3. 26 tasks: avoid over-committing your time 4. avoid
7、ing procrastinations and 27 5. 28 time management a) take 29 and be organized b) do not 30 from the schedule （分数：30.00）三、SECTION B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)（分数：10.00）A.She once tried to adopt a child there.B.She wanted to continue her career in Africa.C.She shared something in common with them.D.She believed
8、in salvation through faith and work.A.She lost both of her parents.B.She was ill-treated by her stepmother.C.She was on the verge of collapse as a motherless child.D.She was adopted by her relatives.A.Madonna has no idea why people could be so cynical.B.Madonna may not be a good foster parent in the
9、 public eye.C.Madonna“s house had collapsed when she was a child.D.Madonna“s family was very poor when she was a little girl.A.Having children and a family.B.Going through some tragedies.C.Being challenged to open up minds.D.Experiencing too much.A.People appreciate others“ being cynical.B.People ar
10、e more generous and unselfish than before.C.She“s not so open-minded as people around her.D.It“s natural that people“s charity efforts are being doubted.（分数：10.00）A.He was an adopted child.B.He was 18 months old when adopted.C.He was too naughty to be put up with.D.He became a foster parent eventual
11、ly.A.To insure that she is a good parent.B.To insure that she is in good health.C.To conduct psychological evaluations on David.D.To advise her to donate some money.A.Being open-minded.B.Having a joyful life.C.Becoming tender and soft.D.Willingness to suffer for the things one love.A.She can“t bear
12、the quite life.B.She enjoys being followed by her fans.C.She wants to be distinctive.D.She wishes that she was someone else.A.To gain worldwide fame and earn a lot of money.B.To follow her heart and do what she wants to.C.To fully tap her potential and protect the earth.D.To sing much more fantastic
13、 songs for her fans.（分数：10.00）A.She has mainly done outbound call center work.B.She learned about the job through her friends.C.She applied for the position because she is good at it.D.She used to work for the organization for a short while.A.It involves most inbound call.B.It involves most outbound
14、 call.C.It is a customer service position in a clothing company.D.It is a customer service position in a telephone company.A.Dependability and honesty.B.Dependability and diligence.C.Organized and flexible.D.Seasoned and flexible.A.Being honest and loyal.B.Being seasoned and mature.C.Getting a task
15、completed in a timely manner.D.Knowing what is expected of her in the work place.A.Multi-tasking skill.B.Customer service expertise.C.Having worked as a typist.D.Being a quick learner.（分数：10.00）A.She has few shortcomings.B.Her frankness sometimes offends others.C.She is a champion of the underdog.D.
16、She tends to be an opportunist.A.Because she wants to be sure of her career paths.B.Because she wants to switch her job to another field.C.Because her department was gone due to downsizing.D.Because she was not promoted to the team leader position.A.Being able to cope with problems.B.Praising others
17、 in a timely manner.C.Evaluating others constructively.D.Constructing a strong team.A.Chris believes she will offer timely help to the company.B.Chris believes she will be a great asset to the company.C.Chris believes she can help co-workers get their work done efficiently.D.Chris believes she can h
18、elp evaluate other workers“ transcript quickly.A.In a few weeks.B.Right away.C.March 31, 2007.D.Not mentioned.专业八级-163 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：2，分数：60.00)A Short History of the Origins and Development of English. Origins dated back to 1 of three
19、 Germanic tribes: the Angles, 2 and the Jutes. . Development of English A. Old English 1. much more highly inflected 3 than Middle English 2. consists of most 4 words and some borrowed ones B. Middle English 1. French words were 5 the vocabulary 2. much change on grammar and 6 C. Early Modem English
20、 1. elimination of a vowel sound in certain 7 positions 2. the Great Vowel Shift 3. invention of printing: 1) common language appearing 8 2) bringing 9 to English 4. a period of English Renaissance: borrowing words from French, Latin, Greek D. Late Modem English two principal factors 10 more words:
21、1. the Industrial Revolution and technology 2. 11 foreign words from many countries . Main influencing factors on the varieties of English A. the English 12 of North America example: trash for rubbish; 13 for lend etc. B. 14 words like canyon, ranch, stampede etc. C. French words D. 15 words （分数：30.
22、00）解析：the arrival 原力原文 A Short History of the Origins and Development of EnglishGood morning, everyone. Today, I am going to talk about the origins and development of English language. The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain du
23、ring the 5th century, AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invadersmainly into
24、what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from an angle-shaped land area and their language was called Engliscfrom which the words England and English are derived. Generally speaking, the history of the language is divided in to three: Old English, Middle English, Modem English. In so
25、me books, Modem English is divided into twoEarly Modern and Late Modern English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. It had some sounds which we don“t have now. In grammar, Old English was much more
26、highly inflected than Middle English because there were case endings for nouns, more person and number endings of words and a more complicated pronoun systems as well as various endings for adjectives. In vocabulary, Old English is also quite different from Middle English. Most of the Old English wo
27、rds are native English which weren“t borrowed from other languages. On the other hand, Old English contains borrowed words coming from Norse and Latin. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words, be, strong and water, for example, der
28、ive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. Now let“s come to the Middle English. In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy which is part of modern France, invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors called the Normans brought with them a kind of French, which bec
29、ame the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words add
30、ed. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer. Middle English was still a Germanic language but it is different from Old English in many ways. Grammar and the sound system changed a good deal. People started to rely more on word order and structure words t
31、o express their meaning rather than the use of case system. “This can be called as a simplification but it is not exactly. Languages don“t become simpler, they merely exchange one kind of complexity for another“, Clark and Eschholz says. Middle English would still be difficult for native English spe
32、akers to understand today. Following up is the early Modem English. Towards the end of Middle English, English underwent a couple of sound changes. One change was the elimination of a vowel sound in certain unstressed positions at the end of the words. The change was important because it effected th
33、ousands of words and gave a different aspect to the whole language. The other change is what is called the Great Vowel Shift. This was a systematic shifting of half a dozen vowels and diphthongs in stressed syllables. These two changes produced the basic differences between Middle English and Modem
34、English. But there are several other developments that effected the language. One was the invention of printing. It was introduced to England by William Caxton in 1475. The invention of printing meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read
35、. Printing also brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around th
36、e world. Many new words and phrases entered the language. The period of Early Modem English was also a period of English Renaissance, which means the development of the people. New ideas increased. English language had grown as a result of borrowing words from French, Latin, Greek. Next, let“s talk
37、about the Late Modem English. The main difference between Early Modem English and Late Modem English is vocabulary. Late Modem English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire
38、 at its height covered one quarter of the earth“s surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries. Now I“d like to briefly introduce to you varieties of English. From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American va
39、riety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze“ when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms“ are in fact original British expressions that were p
40、reserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. For example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies. Spanish also had an influence on American English and subsequently
41、British English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words through Louisiana and West African words through the slave trade also influenced American English and so, to an extent
42、, British English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA“s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology including the Internet. But there are many other varieties of English around the world, such as Australian English, New Zealand English, Canad
43、ian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English. To conclude, English mainly underwent three periods of development. Hope all of you have enjoyed this lecture. Thank you. 解析 这篇讲座的主题是“the origins and development of English(英语的起源与发展)”。讲座一开始便指出英语的历史开始于三个日耳曼部落的到来。因此答案为 the arriv
44、al。解析：the Saxons解析 三个日耳曼部落分别是盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人，此空应填入 the Saxons。表示并列、举例的词句应重点记录。解析：in grammar解析 古英语是英语发展的第一个阶段，讲座主要从语法和词汇两方面讲述了古英语与中世纪英语的不同之处。若笔记中记录了关键句 In grammar，Old English was much more highly inflected，可知此处应填入 in grammar。解析：native解析 讲座提到，古英语大部分的词汇是本地英语，也有一些来自挪威和拉丁的外来语。因此答案为 native。若笔记中没记录 native一词，
45、也可根据空格后的 borrowed ones推断。解析：added into解析 14 世纪英语在英国又占支配地位，但许多法语词汇也添加进来，这种语言被称为中世纪英语。空格前的 were提示应填入动词的过去分词形式，注意仅仅填入原文中的 added不能直接接后面的宾语 the vocabulary，所以要加上介词 into。解析：sound system解析 在谈到中世纪英语时，讲座提到，中世纪英语中引入了法语词汇，且语法和语音系统(grammar and sound system)发生了很大的变化，人们开始更多地依赖词序和结构词来表达自己的意思。因此答案为 sound system。解析：u
46、nstressed解析 在谈到现代英语早期阶段时，讲座提到了几方面的改变。其中之一就是消除了词尾非重读位置的一个元音字母，此空应填入 unstressed。解析：in print解析 在谈到印刷术的发明时，讲座提到这意味着现在有一种共同语已印出来，因此答案为 in print。解析：standardization解析 讲座提到，印刷术的出现对早期现代英语也产生了重大影响，其一就是促进了英语的标准化，填 standardization。解析：resulting in解析 讲座提到，后期现代英语有了更多的词汇是由于两个主要因素所致，原文中是果在前因在后，而空格处则正好相反，是因在前果在后，所以原文
47、中的 arising from要转化为resulting in“导致”。解析：adopting解析 在谈到现代英语后期时，讲座提到，这个时期的英语最显著的特点是有了更多的词汇，一方面是工业革命和技术发展所引起的，另一方面则是外来语。根据题目上下文，此处应填入adopt的-ing 形式。解析：colonization解析 在谈到对英语变化的主要影响因素时，首先提到了从大约 17世纪开始北美的英语殖民化问题，故填入 colonization。解析：loan解析 讲座讲到了殖民时期给英语所带来的影响，并列举词汇发生变化的例子，根据题目上下文此处应填入 loan。表示举例的词句是笔记重点。解析：Spa
48、nish解析 讲座结尾主要讲述了不同国家的语言对英语词汇的影响，由题目后半部分的词汇canyon，ranch，stampede，再结合录音内容可推知答案为 Spanish。解析：West African解析 在讲座的结尾提到法语词汇和西非词汇也在某种程度上对英语有影响，此空应填入 West African。Time Management for College StudentsTime you spent in high school is totally different from that in college. It is a critical transition and is im
49、portant for you to recognize that you are alone 16 how you spend your time. . Differences of time spent from high school 1. 17 time by yourself rather than others 2. having 18 workloads 3. focusing on true 19 of a subject 4. filling with conflicting 20 . Tips of time management 1. using a 21 benefits: a) add 22 structures to your schedule b) 23 your schedule 2. planning your time a) reason: may not have enough time to accomplish all tasks b) give 24 for each assignment c) 25 some time for study breaks 3. 26 tasks: avoid over-committing your time 4
