1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷163及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Concerns a few years ago that students would be forced to use stimulants in the fight for class rank and honors thus seem to beexaggerating, but the reality is equally disturbing: a lifest
2、yle 1running contrary to all the work habits that higher education standsfor. There s an intriguing historic precedent at the origins of 2amphetamines. Introduced in 1938 under the trademark Pervitin as the answer to American Benzedrin, they were less an impositionof Nazi authorities and military co
3、mmanders but a popular coping 3mechanism for stressed wartime soldiers and civilians like, 4according to a study by Dutch historians of medicine. Manystudents and professionals were described Pervitin for 5performance, but others took it recreationally. And there was even an early intimation of the
4、1960s drug culture. The physician-writerGottfried Benn wanted amphetamines to be used by infantrymen 6but by students, to develop the human brain to new levelshow lucky he was that he didnt live to see the decline of his ideals among undergraduates. The trouble with considering policy for performanc
5、e-enhancing use of drugs like Adderall is in what was already 7apparent in the 1930s: people use them for similar purposes, 8sometimes productively and sometimes disastrously, something German physicians called the toxic equation. But thecontemporary American debate has alarming side not present at
6、9the beginning, the idea that performance-enhancement is cheating. Does that mean drinking at Starbucks is doping? Its acounterproductive argument so it assumes that these drugs work 10consistently and give users an organic advantage, as opposed to the placebo effect. Its much better to address the
7、patterns that lead to abuse.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Losing weight is easier when there is money on the line, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday. They said weight-loss programs thataward people with moneyand remind them of the cash they 1stand to lose if th
8、ey failprovided with a powerful incentive to 2lose weight compared with more conventional approaches. Dr. Kevin Volpp of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicinewas looking for an effective way to treat obese, a growing problem 3that carries serious health risks. He said many weight-losspro
9、grams fail before people are being asked to make sacrifices 4now. Volpp and colleagues studied two kinds of incentive programs for weight loss. One was a lottery-based design in which participants played a lottery and were allowed to collect their winnings if they met their weight-loss target. The o
10、ther was adeposit contract, in which participants invested small amount of 5their own money which they would lose at the end of the month ifthey succeeded to reach their goals. People in this group also got a 6bonus if they met their goal. The researchers resigned 57 obese but otherwise healthy 7peo
11、ple to one of these two groups or a control group, in which people were simply weighed at the end of each month. All wereaimed to lose 7.26 kg by the end of four months. People in the 8incentive groups lost far more weight than that who got no pay for 9their efforts, with about half of the participa
12、nts in each group meet 10their weight loss goals.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_For decades, the television was the flagship of anyconsumer-electronics product line-up. In all the gadgets in the home, 1the TV held the most prominent real estate in the living ro
13、om, costthe most to buy, and carry the biggest brand mark. And for 2consumer-electronics makers who manufactured them, selling TVs was a good business. As the bulky cathode-ray tube televisions of the past turned into the sleek, flat-screen televisions of today, another shift startedto occur. The pr
14、ice competition was merciful and unrelenting since 3the televisions were hard to differentiate. Even so consumers were 4buying more televisions than ever, TV makers struggled to turn a profit. Now, another shift is taking place, and it is threatening torob televisions their prominenceand valuein the
15、 home. With 5more people streaming or downloading video as an alternation to 6cable or satellite broadcast, more consumers are watching TV shows and movies on smartphones, tablets and laptops. The television, meanwhile, may become just another screen. Thats avery real possibility, says Paul Gagnon,
16、the director of North 7American TV research for DisplaySearch, a market-research firmbased in Santa Clara, Calif. When televisions end up becoming 8just another monitor, he says, that is a low-profit, no-money business with just a handful of players. To stay ahead of changing viewing habits, televis
17、ion makersare pushing Web-connected televisions loading with applications. 9Web TVs count for about a quarter of all new flat-panel televisions 10this year, rising to about half of all shipments in three years, according to DisplaySearch.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1
18、:_填空项1:_Americans find it difficult to engage in any activity for pure pleasure. We have to have a higher aima purposefor every moment of time. For example, children take classes or join clubs to increase their self-esteem, build talent, or try out a potential career.Adults attend parties to make bu
19、siness contacts, garden to rise 1vegetables, and mow the lawn to meet neighborhood standards.Im here to tell you about one of my guilt pleasures. It doesnt cost 2a thing, takes a little time, and brings me lots of personal 3fulfillment. Best of all, you can indulge in it for sheer enjoyment. It is w
20、alking. There is something about walking that isdifferent from jogging. When Im jogging, Im instantly 4challenging myself to go farther or faster, sweat more, and breath 5harder. And when Im walking, Im taking time to go outside and 6put one foot in front of another while I look around, blink, and f
21、eelthe sun and the wind. When I walk, I am submerged myself in life. On 7walks, I confront myself, too. Theres avoiding my recent irrational 8response to the neighbor with straying trash or the petty argument Istarted with my husband. While I walk, I put into perspective that 9is important to me. Ar
22、tist Winslow Homer said, The sun will not rise, or set, without my notice and my thanks. Where else can you notice thesuns movements besides on a walkan opportunity to appreciate 10joy in the world for its very existence?（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错
23、）-试卷163答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Concerns a few years ago that students would be forced to use stimulants in the fight for class rank and honors thus seem to beexaggerating, but the reality is equally disturbing: a lifestyle 1ru
24、nning contrary to all the work habits that higher education standsfor. There s an intriguing historic precedent at the origins of 2amphetamines. Introduced in 1938 under the trademark Pervitin as the answer to American Benzedrin, they were less an impositionof Nazi authorities and military commander
25、s but a popular coping 3mechanism for stressed wartime soldiers and civilians like, 4according to a study by Dutch historians of medicine. Manystudents and professionals were described Pervitin for 5performance, but others took it recreationally. And there was even an early intimation of the 1960s d
26、rug culture. The physician-writerGottfried Benn wanted amphetamines to be used by infantrymen 6but by students, to develop the human brain to new levelshow lucky he was that he didnt live to see the decline of his ideals among undergraduates. The trouble with considering policy for performance-enhan
27、cing use of drugs like Adderall is in what was already 7apparent in the 1930s: people use them for similar purposes, 8sometimes productively and sometimes disastrously, something German physicians called the toxic equation. But thecontemporary American debate has alarming side not present at 9the be
28、ginning, the idea that performance-enhancement is cheating. Does that mean drinking at Starbucks is doping? Its acounterproductive argument so it assumes that these drugs work 10consistently and give users an organic advantage, as opposed to the placebo effect. Its much better to address the pattern
29、s that lead to abuse.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：exaggerating一exaggerated）填空项1:_（正确答案：historic一historical）填空项1:_（正确答案：butthan）填空项1:_（正确答案：likealike）填空项1:_（正确答案：describedprescribed）填空项1:_（正确答案：by一not）填空项1:_（正确答案：in一去掉in）填空项1:_（正确答案：similar一different）填空项1:_（正确答案：alarming一an）填空项1:_（正确答案：so一because）解析：解析：语篇错误
30、。由上下文语义判断，句间的逻辑关系为因果关系，主句提到这是一场事与愿违的辩论，后句说它认为这些药物持续有效，为使用者提供一种有机的优势，而不是一种安慰剂效用。后者是前者的原因，而不是结果，故应改为because。Losing weight is easier when there is money on the line, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday. They said weight-loss programs thataward people with moneyand remind them of the cash they 1stand to lo
31、se if they failprovided with a powerful incentive to 2lose weight compared with more conventional approaches. Dr. Kevin Volpp of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicinewas looking for an effective way to treat obese, a growing problem 3that carries serious health risks. He said many weight
32、-lossprograms fail before people are being asked to make sacrifices 4now. Volpp and colleagues studied two kinds of incentive programs for weight loss. One was a lottery-based design in which participants played a lottery and were allowed to collect their winnings if they met their weight-loss targe
33、t. The other was adeposit contract, in which participants invested small amount of 5their own money which they would lose at the end of the month ifthey succeeded to reach their goals. People in this group also got a 6bonus if they met their goal. The researchers resigned 57 obese but otherwise heal
34、thy 7people to one of these two groups or a control group, in which people were simply weighed at the end of each month. All wereaimed to lose 7.26 kg by the end of four months. People in the 8incentive groups lost far more weight than that who got no pay for 9their efforts, with about half of the p
35、articipants in each group meet 10their weight loss goals.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：awardreward）填空项1:_（正确答案：with一去掉with）填空项1:_（正确答案：obese一obesity）填空项1:_（正确答案：beforebecause）填空项1:_（正确答案：smalla）填空项1:_（正确答案：succeededfailed）填空项1:_（正确答案：resignedassigned）填空项1:_（正确答案：aimed一aiming）填空项1:_（正确答案：thatthose）填空项1:_（正确答
36、案：meetmeeting）解析：解析：语法错误。此处是with引导的独立主格结构，动词应该用非谓语形式，由于前面的participants与meet their goals是主动关系因此用meet的现在分词形式，即meeting，本句意为“激励组的成员比那些努力减肥但无金钱回报的人减掉了更多的体重，而每组中都有约一半的参与者达到了其减肥目标”。For decades, the television was the flagship of anyconsumer-electronics product line-up. In all the gadgets in the home, 1the
37、TV held the most prominent real estate in the living room, costthe most to buy, and carry the biggest brand mark. And for 2consumer-electronics makers who manufactured them, selling TVs was a good business. As the bulky cathode-ray tube televisions of the past turned into the sleek, flat-screen tele
38、visions of today, another shift startedto occur. The price competition was merciful and unrelenting since 3the televisions were hard to differentiate. Even so consumers were 4buying more televisions than ever, TV makers struggled to turn a profit. Now, another shift is taking place, and it is threat
39、ening torob televisions their prominenceand valuein the home. With 5more people streaming or downloading video as an alternation to 6cable or satellite broadcast, more consumers are watching TV shows and movies on smartphones, tablets and laptops. The television, meanwhile, may become just another s
40、creen. Thats avery real possibility, says Paul Gagnon, the director of North 7American TV research for DisplaySearch, a market-research firmbased in Santa Clara, Calif. When televisions end up becoming 8just another monitor, he says, that is a low-profit, no-money business with just a handful of pla
41、yers. To stay ahead of changing viewing habits, television makersare pushing Web-connected televisions loading with applications. 9Web TVs count for about a quarter of all new flat-panel televisions 10this year, rising to about half of all shipments in three years, according to DisplaySearch.（分数：20.
42、00）填空项1:_（正确答案：In一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：carry一carried）填空项1:_（正确答案：merciful一merciless）填空项1:_（正确答案：so一ifthough）填空项1:_（正确答案：their一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：alternation一alternative）填空项1:_（正确答案：the一去掉the）填空项1:_（正确答案：When一If）填空项1:_（正确答案：loading一loaded）填空项1:_（正确答案：count一account）解析：解析：词汇错误。count for sth意为“有价值，有重要性”，此处与上下文不符。
43、这里后面出现了多个表数量的词汇a quarter of，half of，因此用account与for形成固定搭配，表示“构成(数量，比例)”。本句句意“今年网络电视机在新上市的平板电视机中占据了大约四分之一的份额，三年后将增至整体出货量的大约一半”。Americans find it difficult to engage in any activity for pure pleasure. We have to have a higher aima purposefor every moment of time. For example, children take classes or j
44、oin clubs to increase their self-esteem, build talent, or try out a potential career.Adults attend parties to make business contacts, garden to rise 1vegetables, and mow the lawn to meet neighborhood standards.Im here to tell you about one of my guilt pleasures. It doesnt cost 2a thing, takes a little time, and brings me lots of personal 3fulfillment. Best of all, you can indulge in it for sheer enjoyment. It is walking. There is something abo
