1、专业八级-252 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At present companies and industries like to sponsor sports events. Two reasons are put forward to explain this phenomenon. The first reason is that they get (1) _ throughout the world. The second (1)_ reason is that companies and
2、 industries (2) _ (2)_ money, as they get reductions in the tax they owe if they sponsor sports or arts activities. As sponsorship is (3) _, careful thinking (3)_ is required in deciding which events to sponsor. It is important that the event to be sponsored (4) _ (4)_ the product(s) to be promoted.
3、 That is, the right (5) _ and maximum product coverage must be (5)_ guaranteed in the event. Points to be considered in sports sponsorship. Popularity of the event International sports events are big (6) _ event, (6)_ which get extensive coverage on TV and in the press. Smaller events attract fewer
4、people. Identification of the potential audience Aiming at the right audience is most important for smaller events. The right audience would attract manufacturers of other related products like (7)_, etc. (7)_ Advantages of sponsorship Advantages are longer-term. People are expected to respond (8)_
5、to the (8)_ products promoted and be more likely to buy them. Advertising is (9) _ the mind. (9)_ Sponsorship is better than straight advertising: a) less (10)_ (10)_ b) tax-free（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What was
6、education like in Professor Wangs days?（分数：1.00）A.Students worked very hard.B.Students felt they needed a second degree.C.Education was not career-oriented.D.There were many specialized subjects.(2).According to Professor Wang, what is the purpose of the present-day education? A To turn out an adequ
7、ate number of elite for the society. B To prepare students for their future career. C) To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each program. D To set up as many technical institutions as possible.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In Professor Wangs opinion, technical skills_.（分数：1.00）A.require good educati
8、onB.are secondary to educationC.dont call for good educationD.dont conflict with education(4).What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying students?（分数：1.00）A.Shifting from one programme to another.B.Working out ways to reduce student number.
9、C.Emphasizing better quality of education.D.Setting up stricter examination standards.(5).Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.those who can adapt to different professionsB.those who have a high flexibility of mindC.those who are thinkers, h
10、istorians and philosophersD.those who possess only highly specialized skills三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：3，分数：5.00)I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).On John Howards agen
11、da ,_would be his next stop.（分数：1.00）A.DohaB.Hong KongC.LondonD.Washington(2).According John Howard, it would be more important _ in order to help the poor countries.（分数：1.00）A.for the rich countries to increase their overseas aidsB.for the rich countries to raise their moral standardsC.for the rich
12、 countries to remove tile trade barriersD.for the rich countries to increase their mean subsidies to poor overseas farmersI Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 .seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).Bef
13、ore Spain withdrew its troops from Iraq ,_Latin American countries had had troops stationed in the country.（分数：1.00）A.1B.2C.3D.4(2).How many Salvadoran soldiers have died in Iraq so far?（分数：1.00）A.None.B.1.C.2.D.3.1.According to the news item, John Garang _（分数：1.00）A.is the president of the Khartoum
14、 governmentB.is the vice president of the Khartoum governmentC.is the vice president of the southern statesD.used to be No. 2 of the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BWe sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immu
15、ne defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rat
16、s in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has d
17、emonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sl
18、eep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perc
19、eption of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immuue response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by
20、 simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drag that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader
21、reexposed the animals to sac charin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now ser
22、ved to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.（分数：4.00）(1).Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _.（分数：1.00）A.was strengthenedB.was not affectedC.was alteredD.was weakened(2).According to the passage, the experience of helple
23、ssness causes rats to_.（分数：1.00）A.try to control unpleasant stimuliB.turn off the electricityC.behave passively in controllable situationsD.become abnormally suspicious(3).The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Aders experiment was that _.（分数：1.00）A.they had
24、been weakened psychologically by the saccharinB.the sweetener was poisonous to themC.their immune systems had been altered by the mindD.they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning(4).It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of ani mal（分数：1.00）A.can he weakened b
25、y conditioningB.can be suppressed by drug injectionsC.can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinD.can be altered by electric shocksBTEXT B/BThe biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the miter may lose objectivity. Not close eno
26、ugh, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soulthe quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have th
27、e distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no i
28、deal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the sub
29、ject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes of famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects arc only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we
30、 are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their account is the“ authentic“ one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is“ authorized“ b the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “
31、Unauthorized“ biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the“ unauthorized “characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biog
32、raphies, even several“ authentic“ ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell “ the“ story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who_.（分数：1.00）A.knows th
33、e subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC.is independent and treats tile subject with fairness and objectivityD.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject(2).Which of the f
34、ollowing statements is true, according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Ail authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C.No one can write a perfect biography.D.Authorized biographies have a wider leadership.(3).An unauthorized biography is li
35、kely to attract more readers because_.（分数：1.00）A.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects char aster(
36、4).In this passage, the author focuses on _.（分数：1.00）A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB.the secret of a biographer to win more readersC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristics of different kinds of biograph
37、iesBTEXT C/BClothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearers background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source
38、of social information, we can use them to manipulate peoples impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manne
39、r, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain out fits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whetherthey smoke or drink.
40、 Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes
41、they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, o
42、r a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about tire appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and “feminine“ attributes they should convey by
43、 their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine“ grooming- shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plai
44、n tailored clothing. As one male administrator con fessed, “an attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she wont get a job.“（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, the way we dress_.（分数：1.00）A.provides clues for people who are critical of usB.indicates our likes and dislike
45、s in choosing a careerC.has a direct influence on the way people regard usD.is of particular importance when we get on in age(2).From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can _.（分数：1.00）A.change peoples conservative atti
46、tudes towards their lifestylesB.help young people to make friends with the opposite sexC.make them competitive in the job marketD.help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships(3).According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because _.（分数：1.00）A
47、.the variety of the professional clothing is too wide for them to chooseB.women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion modelsC.men are more favorably judged for managerial positionsD.they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing(4).Wha
48、t is the passage mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.Dressing for effect.B.How to dress appropriately.C.Managerial positions and clothing.D.Dressing for the occasion.BTEXT D/BHow do we get more young people to increase their consumption of iron-rich foods? Many nutritionists are advocating the fortification of a number of foods. This may help, but I contend that we should also intensify our efforts in nutrition education among our young people. I simply do
