1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷196及答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Humanitys highly developed ability to communicate verbally isour essence. With our tremendous vocabulary, we would perhaps be 1not much better off than gorillas and monkeys. Language is take
2、n as 2granted since it is a basic characteristic. But it is, for all its universality, among the most powerful of human tools. The pen is mightier than the sword. We define language a system of communication that is primarily 3verbal, symbolic, dually-patterned, and arbitrary and is used by humans w
3、ith common cultural expectancies. Language is also amean to communicate ideas, knowledge and emotions with other 4individuals through the use of the body. The system of communication used is a set of codes or rules; a specific signaling system developed by humans. This signaling system consists of s
4、ounds used by individuals to express knowledge, emotions andideas. This system is learned and passed on through culture 5transmission by the teaching and the imitation of others. This systemis significant so it is purely human in nature and no other species are 6able to duplicate our system. Languag
5、e is primarily verbal becauseit is part of the grammatical machine in humans which uses a sound, 7phonology, to express ideas and emotions. The broadest definition for language includes much more. For 8example, we have codes, such as Morse, flag, smoke signals, bodylanguage, and to extent even music
6、. Computer programs include 9special coding that can in some sense being called language. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Todays college students are more narcissistic and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five ps
7、ychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society. We need to stop endless repeating Youre special and 1having children repeat that back, said the studys lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. Kids areself-centered enough
8、already. Fortunately, narcissism can also 2have very negative consequences for society including the breakdownof close relationships to others, he said. The study asserts that 3narcissists are more like to have romantic relationships that are 4short-lived, at a risk for infidelity, lack of emotional
9、 warmth, and to 5exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors. Campbell, the author of Generation Me: Why Todays Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitledand More Miserable Than Ever Before, said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively with c
10、riticism and favor self-promotion over 6helping others. Some analysts have commended todays young people forincreased commitment to volunteer work. And Twenge viewed even 7this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools requirecommunity service and many youths feel pressure to list some 8
11、endeavors on college applications. Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronouncedwhich he was unsure whether there were obvious remedies. 9Permissiveness seems to be a component, he said. A potentialantidote would be authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be 10called for. Yet stud
12、ents, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, dont necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_On Feb. 2, 2007, the United Nations scientific panel studying climate change declared that the evi
13、dence of a wanning trend is unequivocal , and that human activity has very likely been thedriven force in that change over the last 50 years. The last report by 1the group, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in 2001, had found that humanity had likely played a role. The addition of that
14、single word very did more than reflectto mounting scientific evidence that the release of carbon dioxide 2and other heat-trapping gases from smokestacks, tailpipes andburning forests have played a central role in raising the average 3surface temperature of earth by more than 1 degree Fahrenheit 4in
15、1900. It also added new momentum to a debate that now seems 5to center less over that humans are warming the planet, but instead 6over what to do about it. In recent months, business groups havebanded together to make unprecedented calls to federal regulation of 7greenhouse gases. The subject had a
16、red-carpet moment when former Vice President Al Gores documentary, An InconvenientTruth , was rewarded an Oscar; and the Supreme Court made its 8first global warming-related decision, ruling 5 to 4 that theEnvironmental Protection Agency had not justified their position that 9it was not authorized t
17、o regulate carbon dioxide. The latest report from the climate panel predicted that the global temperature is likely to rise between 3. 5 and 8 degreesFahrenheit whether the carbon dioxide concentration in the 10atmosphere reaches twice the level of 1750. By 2100, sea levels are likely to rise betwee
18、n 7 and 23 inches, it said, and the changes now underway will continue for centuries to come.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷196答案解析 (总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Humanitys highly develope
19、d ability to communicate verbally isour essence. With our tremendous vocabulary, we would perhaps be 1not much better off than gorillas and monkeys. Language is taken as 2granted since it is a basic characteristic. But it is, for all its universality, among the most powerful of human tools. The pen
20、is mightier than the sword. We define language a system of communication that is primarily 3verbal, symbolic, dually-patterned, and arbitrary and is used by humans with common cultural expectancies. Language is also amean to communicate ideas, knowledge and emotions with other 4individuals through t
21、he use of the body. The system of communication used is a set of codes or rules; a specific signaling system developed by humans. This signaling system consists of sounds used by individuals to express knowledge, emotions andideas. This system is learned and passed on through culture 5transmission b
22、y the teaching and the imitation of others. This systemis significant so it is purely human in nature and no other species are 6able to duplicate our system. Language is primarily verbal becauseit is part of the grammatical machine in humans which uses a sound, 7phonology, to express ideas and emoti
23、ons. The broadest definition for language includes much more. For 8example, we have codes, such as Morse, flag, smoke signals, bodylanguage, and to extent even music. Computer programs include 9special coding that can in some sense being called language. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：WithWithout）填空项1:_（正确
24、答案：asfor）填空项1:_（正确答案：language一as）填空项1:_（正确答案：meanmeans）填空项1:_（正确答案：culturecultural）填空项1:_（正确答案：so一because）填空项1:_（正确答案：a去掉a）填空项1:_（正确答案：for一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：to一an）填空项1:_（正确答案：beingbe）解析：解析：动词形式错误。in some sense为插入语，分析结构时可忽略。can后应接动词原形be，句意为“电脑程序包括特殊的编码，它们在某种程度上可被称为语言。”Todays college students are more na
25、rcissistic and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society. We need to stop endless repeating Youre special and 1having children repeat that back, said the
26、 studys lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. Kids areself-centered enough already. Fortunately, narcissism can also 2have very negative consequences for society including the breakdownof close relationships to others, he said. The study asserts that 3narcissists are more
27、 like to have romantic relationships that are 4short-lived, at a risk for infidelity, lack of emotional warmth, and to 5exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors. Campbell, the author of Generation Me: Why Todays Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entit
28、ledand More Miserable Than Ever Before, said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively with criticism and favor self-promotion over 6helping others. Some analysts have commended todays young people forincreased commitment to volunteer work. And Twenge viewed even 7this phenomenon skeptical
29、ly, noting that many high schools requirecommunity service and many youths feel pressure to list some 8endeavors on college applications. Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronouncedwhich he was unsure whether there were obvious remedies. 9Permissiveness seems to be a component, he said
30、. A potentialantidote would be authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be 10called for. Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, dont necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：endlessendlessly）填空项1:_（正确答案：FortunatelyUnf
31、ortunately）填空项1:_（正确答案：to一with）填空项1:_（正确答案：likelikely）填空项1:_（正确答案：a一去掉a）填空项1:_（正确答案：withto）填空项1:_（正确答案：AndBut）填空项1:_（正确答案：somesuch）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichthat）填空项1:_（正确答案：be一more）解析：解析：比较级错误。本句说“治疗自恋症的一个有效方法就是父母增加管教，减少溺爱”，这里authoritative parenting应该是需要得更多，和后面的Less indulgence形成对比，因此应加上more。On Feb. 2, 2007,
32、 the United Nations scientific panel studying climate change declared that the evidence of a wanning trend is unequivocal , and that human activity has very likely been thedriven force in that change over the last 50 years. The last report by 1the group, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
33、, in 2001, had found that humanity had likely played a role. The addition of that single word very did more than reflectto mounting scientific evidence that the release of carbon dioxide 2and other heat-trapping gases from smokestacks, tailpipes andburning forests have played a central role in raisi
34、ng the average 3surface temperature of earth by more than 1 degree Fahrenheit 4in 1900. It also added new momentum to a debate that now seems 5to center less over that humans are warming the planet, but instead 6over what to do about it. In recent months, business groups havebanded together to make
35、unprecedented calls to federal regulation of 7greenhouse gases. The subject had a red-carpet moment when former Vice President Al Gores documentary, An InconvenientTruth , was rewarded an Oscar; and the Supreme Court made its 8first global warming-related decision, ruling 5 to 4 that theEnvironmenta
36、l Protection Agency had not justified their position that 9it was not authorized to regulate carbon dioxide. The latest report from the climate panel predicted that the global temperature is likely to rise between 3. 5 and 8 degreesFahrenheit whether the carbon dioxide concentration in the 10atmosph
37、ere reaches twice the level of 1750. By 2100, sea levels are likely to rise between 7 and 23 inches, it said, and the changes now underway will continue for centuries to come.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：drivendriving）填空项1:_（正确答案：to一去掉to）填空项1:_（正确答案：havehas）填空项1:_（正确答案：earth一the）填空项1:_（正确答案：in一since）填空项1:_（正确答案：thatwhether）填空项1:_（正确答案：第二个to一for）填空项1:_（正确答案：rewardedawarded）填空项1:_（正确答案：theirits）填空项1:_（正确答案：whetherif）解析：解析：连词误用。此句说“来自气候专家小组的最新报告预测，如果大气中的二氧化碳浓度是1750年的两倍多的话，地球温度将会上升35到8华氏度。”这里从句表示一种假设，而不是选择，因此只能使用if引导条件状语从句。
