1、专业英语八级(听力)-试卷197及答案解析 (总分:120.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数:4,分数:120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(分数:30.00)_2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-fi
2、lling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.(分数:30.00)_Visual Perspective
3、Perspective in art is the way that artists represent three-dimensional objects on the two dimensions of their canvas. There are two kinds of perspective and they occupy important roles in the art history.I.【T1】 1 perspective【T1】 2 The way that the【T2】 3 affects how we see things,【T2】 4especially dis
4、tant things Makes a mountain in the distance appear to be less【T3】 5【T3】 6than closer object Application:A. Realistic artists: reproduceB.【T4】 7: create their own special effects【T4】 8II. Linear perspective the more【T5】 9 things are, the smaller they seem to get【T5】 10 Example:【T6】 11; a line of tel
5、ephone poles【T6】 12III. The vanishing point Objects get smaller and smaller as they recede,until they vanish in a point on the【T7】 13【T7】 14 Objects or scenes may have more than one vanishing point:A. A cube with one of its faces squarely perpendicular to us Single vanishing point: directly behind i
6、t and on the horizonB. A cube with one of its【T8】 15facing us【T8】 16Two vanishing points:one for the right-hand face; one for the left-hand faceC. A cube viewed from somewhat【T9】 17【T9】 18Three vanishing points:one to the right, one to the left, and a third one behind it IV. The history of perspecti
7、ve in art Early western art:Artists recognized the effect but failed to present itExample: the paintings inside【T10】 19【T10】 20the illustrations in【T11】 21 Christian churches【T11】 22 13th and 14th century Reverse perspective 【T12】 23:【T12】 24A Linear perspective1)Brunelleschi: conducted several【T13】
8、 25 experiments【T13】 26and discovered the rules of perspectiveExample: a(n)【T14】 27 of San Giovanni Bapistery【T14】 282)Donatello: began using accurate linear perspective; spread it throughout EuropeB. Aerial perspectiveFlemish and【T15】 29 masters: developed the idea【T15】 30Example: Jan van Eycks The
9、 Virgin of Chancellor Rolin(分数:30.00)(1).【T1】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(2).【T2】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(3).【T3】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(4).【T4】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(5).【T5】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(6).【T6】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(7).【T7】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(8).【T8】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(9).【T9】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(10).【T10】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(11).【T11】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(12).【
10、T12】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(13).【T13】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(14).【T14】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(15).【T15】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_Women-centered HistoryIn the past, most people believed that the contributions women have made to US history have been ignored by historians. In recent years, a new view of womens history has emerged. Its c
11、alled women-centered history, which is forcing historians to re-interpret traditional pictures of key historical events.I.【T1】 1【T1】 2 1980s: subfield of history established Recent years: the view women-centered history emerged Now: Look at womens contribution to history 【T2】 3【T2】 4II. Premise Fema
12、les played an important part in shaping US history Women are worth【T3】 5【T3】 6 Prior models of history:A. The【T4】 7 approach【T4】 81. Theory:a)Men were the【T5】 9 historical leaders【T5】 10b)Women played a secondary role at every landmark historical event2. Downside: neglects the【T6】 11 role of women【T
13、6】 12in everyday family lifeB. The victim approach1. Theory: focusing on womens【T7】 13 throughout history【T7】 142. Downside: womens plight is overly【T8】 15【T8】 16III. Balance Ask the question of What【T9】 17?【T9】 18 Portray a fairer and more complete picture of US womens past Best show the balance of
14、【T10】 19 between womens plight【T10】 20and womens power Compelled historians to see certain historical processes in【T11】 21【T11】 22IV. More【T12】 23【T12】 24 Sub-categories of womens history:a)【T13】 25【T13】 26b)Social statusc)The history of women in【T14】 27 cultures【T14】 28 Class divisions, race divisi
15、ons, ethnic divisions and religious divisions Womens【T15】 29 other women【T15】 30(分数:30.00)(1).【T1】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(2).【T2】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(3).【T3】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(4).【T4】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(5).【T5】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(6).【T6】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(7).【T7】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(8).【T8】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(9).【T9】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(10
16、).【T10】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(11).【T11】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(12).【T12】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(13).【T13】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(14).【T14】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(15).【T15】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_专业英语八级(听力)-试卷197答案解析 (总分:120.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数:4,分数:120.00)1.PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(分数:30.00)_解析:2.SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn
17、 this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and seman
18、tically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.(分数:30.00)_解析:Visual PerspectivePerspective in art is the way that artists represent three-dimensional objects on the two dimensions of their canvas. There are two kinds of perspec
19、tive and they occupy important roles in the art history.I.【T1】 1 perspective【T1】 2 The way that the【T2】 3 affects how we see things,【T2】 4especially distant things Makes a mountain in the distance appear to be less【T3】 5【T3】 6than closer object Application:A. Realistic artists: reproduceB.【T4】 7: cr
20、eate their own special effects【T4】 8II. Linear perspective the more【T5】 9 things are, the smaller they seem to get【T5】 10 Example:【T6】 11; a line of telephone poles【T6】 12III. The vanishing point Objects get smaller and smaller as they recede,until they vanish in a point on the【T7】 13【T7】 14 Objects
21、 or scenes may have more than one vanishing point:A. A cube with one of its faces squarely perpendicular to us Single vanishing point: directly behind it and on the horizonB. A cube with one of its【T8】 15facing us【T8】 16Two vanishing points:one for the right-hand face; one for the left-hand faceC. A
22、 cube viewed from somewhat【T9】 17【T9】 18Three vanishing points:one to the right, one to the left, and a third one behind it IV. The history of perspective in art Early western art:Artists recognized the effect but failed to present itExample: the paintings inside【T10】 19【T10】 20the illustrations in【
23、T11】 21 Christian churches【T11】 22 13th and 14th century Reverse perspective 【T12】 23:【T12】 24A Linear perspective1)Brunelleschi: conducted several【T13】 25 experiments【T13】 26and discovered the rules of perspectiveExample: a(n)【T14】 27 of San Giovanni Bapistery【T14】 282)Donatello: began using accura
24、te linear perspective; spread it throughout EuropeB. Aerial perspectiveFlemish and【T15】 29 masters: developed the idea【T15】 30Example: Jan van Eycks The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin(分数:30.00)(1).【T1】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Aerial)解析:解析:讲座提到透视法基本上可以分为两种。此题要求填入第一种透视法Aerial perspective(空中透视法)。因此填入Aeria
25、l。(2).【T2】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:atmosphere)解析:解析:透视法Aerial perspective(空中透视法),即空气如何影响我们对远方景物的视觉。因此本题的答案为atmosphere。(3).【T3】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:distinct)解析:解析:根据空中透视法,远方的山脉呈现出不同的颜色,要比近处的景物更为模糊、不那么清楚。因此本题的答案为distinct。如果没能记下本题考查的细节,也可以根据常识推断出答案。(4).【T4】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Impressionists
26、)解析:解析:印象派画家利用空中透视法来制造印象派作品特有的效果。本题答案为Impressionists。(5).【T5】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:distant)解析:解析:直线透视法是另外一种透视法。它指的是更远的物体会显得更小。根据空格前的more,此空格不能填原词farther,应将the farther away转化成为the more distant。(6).【T6】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:railroad tracks)解析:解析:第二种透视法为直线透视法,直线透视法的典型例子是我们在远处观察铁路轨道和电话线杆上的电线离我们越
27、来越远。因此填入railroad tracks。(7).【T7】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:horizon)解析:解析:根据直线透视法的原则,排成一列的物体显得越来越小,直到他们消失在地平线上的某一点,而这一点就称为“灭点”。因此本题的答案为horizon。本文考查的是关键性信息,在听力过程中应注意做好笔记。(8).【T8】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:vertical edges)解析:解析:如果一个立方体有一条垂直边缘面对着我们,那么我们将看到两个“灭点”,一个在其左边的立面,一个在其右边的立面。这两个“灭点”分别是左右两边的上下两条边缘的延伸
28、交汇。因此本题的答案为vertical edges。(9).【T9】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:above or below)解析:解析:如果自上而下或者自下而上的看一个立方体,那么就能看到三个“灭点”,一个在右边,一个在左边,第三个是在立方体正上方或者正下方。因此本题的答案为above or below。(10).【T10】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:the Egyptian pyramids)解析:解析:录音提到西方艺术史的透视法。早期的西方艺术虽然了解透视的效果,但是却未能参透透视法。讲座举出其中一个例子:埃及的金字塔中的绘画。因此填入th
29、e Egyptian pyramids。(11).【T11】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:medieval)解析:解析:录音提到,无论是埃及的金字塔中的绘画,还是中世纪的天主教教堂的绘画,在近处的人像都画得很大,或者位于画面较低的位置,或者直接把远处的人给遮住了。因此本题的答案为medieval。(12).【T12】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Renaissance)解析:解析:录音接着提到透视法在西方艺术史上的第三个时期,即“文艺复兴”时期。因此填入Renaissance。(13).【T13】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:o
30、ptical)解析:解析:15世纪文艺复兴时期,佛罗伦萨的画家布鲁内莱斯基进行了几次光学的实验,发现了透视法的原则。因此本题的答案为optical。(14).【T14】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:accurate picture)解析:解析:录音讲到文艺复兴期间,大量科学思想体系诞生,代表人物如达芬奇、伽利略等。以画家布鲁内莱斯基为例,他描绘了一幅关于佛罗伦萨San Giovanni Bapistery精确的画。因此填入accurate picture(15).【T15】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Dutch)解析:解析:在文艺复兴时期,一些佛兰
31、德和荷兰的艺术大师也开始利用空中透视法。本题的答案为Dutch。Women-centered HistoryIn the past, most people believed that the contributions women have made to US history have been ignored by historians. In recent years, a new view of womens history has emerged. Its called women-centered history, which is forcing historians to r
32、e-interpret traditional pictures of key historical events.I.【T1】 1【T1】 2 1980s: subfield of history established Recent years: the view women-centered history emerged Now: Look at womens contribution to history 【T2】 3【T2】 4II. Premise Females played an important part in shaping US history Women are w
33、orth【T3】 5【T3】 6 Prior models of history:A. The【T4】 7 approach【T4】 81. Theory:a)Men were the【T5】 9 historical leaders【T5】 10b)Women played a secondary role at every landmark historical event2. Downside: neglects the【T6】 11 role of women【T6】 12in everyday family lifeB. The victim approach1. Theory: f
34、ocusing on womens【T7】 13 throughout history【T7】 142. Downside: womens plight is overly【T8】 15【T8】 16III. Balance Ask the question of What【T9】 17?【T9】 18 Portray a fairer and more complete picture of US womens past Best show the balance of【T10】 19 between womens plight【T10】 20and womens power Compell
35、ed historians to see certain historical processes in【T11】 21【T11】 22IV. More【T12】 23【T12】 24 Sub-categories of womens history:a)【T13】 25【T13】 26b)Social statusc)The history of women in【T14】 27 cultures【T14】 28 Class divisions, race divisions, ethnic divisions and religious divisions Womens【T15】 29 o
36、ther women【T15】 30(分数:30.00)(1).【T1】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Background)解析:解析:本题考查讲座的第一个要点,即以妇女为中心的历史背景。因此本题填入Background。(2).【T2】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:behind the scenes)解析:解析:本题考查以妇女为中心的历史观的背景。讲座提到,现在史学家研究妇女在“幕后”对历史所做的贡献。因此,这里填behind the scenes。(3).【T3】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:historical disti
37、nction)解析:解析:本文主要阐述了以妇女为中心的历史观,这种历史观是基于一个前提来建立的,即女性在美国历史上有着重要的作用。女性的贡献是值得载人史册的。答案为historical distinction。(4).【T4】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:contribution)解析:解析:在妇女为中心的历史观被提出以前,有两种主要的历史观,其中第一种就是“贡献观”。答案为contribution。(5).【T5】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:dominant)解析:解析:录音讲以妇女为中心的方法的最早的模式之一“贡献法”,即男性扮演了主要的历史角
38、色,而妇女在各个划时代的历史事件中扮演了至关重要的“配角”。因此本题填入dominant。(6).【T6】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:social)解析:解析:虽然“贡献观”(contribution approach)的看法是正确的,但是这种观点饱受批评的一大原因是其突显了最勇敢和最聪明的女性,却忽视妇女在日常家庭生活中的社会职责。答案为social。(7).【T7】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:oppression)解析:解析:另外一种历史观则是“受害者观”(victim approach)。这种历史观强调了在历史上男性如何压迫女性。这里需要填
39、一个名词,故答案为oppression(受压迫)。需注意的是womens oppression是指女性受到的压迫,不是女性去压迫别人。(8).【T8】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:dramatized/exaggerated)解析:解析:这种历史观太煽情,过度地夸张了女性的不幸。因此答案为dramatized或exaggerated。本题考查的是关键细节,考生在听力过程中应该注意做笔记。如果没有记录下来,也可以通过上下文得出答案。(9).【T9】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:have women done)解析:解析:本题问的是以妇女为中心的历史观所
40、关心的问题是什么。讲座提到,史学家关心的问题是“妇女做了什么”。因此,这里填have women done。(10).【T10】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:interaction)解析:解析:历史学家Lerner女士认为,以妇女为中心的历史观最好地体现了女性的受压迫和权力之间的相互关系。因此本题的答案为interaction。(11).【T11】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:a new light/perspective)解析:解析:作者认为,以妇女为中心的历史观促使历史学家们从一个新的角度去审视历史进程,如19世纪的克己运动,以及20世纪的禁令运
41、动等。因此本题的答案为a new light或a new perspective。(12).【T12】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:approaches)解析:解析:讲座的最后讲到了最后一个要点,即研究美国妇女历史的更多的新方法。因此本题填入approaches。(13).【T13】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:Labo(u)r history)解析:解析:在研究妇女历史的新方法方面上,讲座以举例方式谈到了妇女历史的一些子范畴,如劳工历史等。本题填入Labor history或Labour history。(14).【T14】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:minority)解析:解析:讲座谈到了妇女历史的第三个子范畴:少数民族文化中的女性历史。空格缺少的是minority。(15).【T15】(分数:2.00)填空项1:_(正确答案:正确答案:interaction with)解析:解析:最后妇女历史的一些子范畴还包括,不仅仅是妇女与男性之间,还有妇女之间的互动历史。