1、专业英语八级12及答案解析 (总分：76.99，做题时间：120分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)At present companies and industries like to sponsor sports events. Two reasons are put forward to explain this phenomenon. The first reason is that they get (1) 1throughout the world. The second reason is that companies and industr
2、ies (2) 2money, as they get reductions in the tax they owe if they sponsor sports or arts activities. As sponsorship is (3) 3, careful thinking is required in deciding which events to sponsor. It is important that the event to be sponsored (4) 4 the product(s) to be promoted. That is, the right (5)
3、5and maximum product coverage must be guaranteed in the event. Points to be considered in sports sponsorship. Popularity of the event International sports events are big (6) 6event, which get extensive coverage on TV and in the press. Smaller events attract fewer people. Identification of the potent
4、ial audience Aiming at the right audience is most important for smaller events. The right audience would attract manufacturers of other related products like (7) 7, etc. Advantages of sponsorship Advantages are longer-term. People are expected to respond (8) 8to the products promoted and be more lik
5、ely to buy them. Advertising is (9) 9the mind. Sponsorship is better than straight advertising: a) less (10) 10 b) tax-fee （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1). Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Greens universit
6、y days?（分数：0.20）A.She felt bored.B.She felt lonely.C.She cherished them.D.The subject was easy.(2). Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment?（分数：0.20）A.Doing surveys at workplace.B.Analyzing survey results.C.Designing questionnaires.D.Taking a psychology course
7、.(3). According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies in_.（分数：0.20）A.the nature of work.B.office decoration.C.office location.D.work procedures.(4). Why did Miss Green want to leave the advertising agency?（分数：0.20）A.She felt unhappy i
8、nside the company.B.She felt work there too demanding.C.She was denied promotion in the company.D.She longed for new opportunities.(5). How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?（分数：0.20）A.She was willing and ready.B.She sounded mildly eager.C.She was a bit surprised.D.She sounde
9、d very reluctant.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：0.50）A.Five gunmen were flown to Iran in a helicopter.B.Most of the ransom was retrieved in the end.C.The children were held for five days.D.The authorities have passed sentence on the gunmen.(1).Accor
10、ding to the news, the Italian Parliament was asked to act by （分数：0.25）A.the U.N.B.the Red Cross.C.the Defense Minister.D.the Swedish Government.(2).On the issue of limited use of land mines, the Italian Parliament is（分数：0.25）A.noncommittal.B.resolute.C.unsupportive.D.wavering.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数
11、：10，分数：10.00)3. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?（分数：1.00）A.T.S.Eliot.B.D. H.Lawrence.C.Theodore Dreiser.D.James Joyce.4. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Scott Fitzgerald.B.William Faulkner.C.Eugene ONeill.D.Ernest Hemingway.5. Syntax is the st
12、udy of_.（分数：1.00）A.language functions.B.sentence structures.C.textual organization.D.word formation.6. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?（分数：1.00）A.Arbitrariness.B.Productivity.C.Cultural transmission.D.Finiteness.7. The capital of New Zealand is_.（分数：1.00）A.Chris
13、tchurch.B.Auckland.C.Wellington.D.Hamilton.8. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.9. The speech act theory was first put forward by_.（分数：1.00）A.John Searle.B.John Austin.C.Noam Chomsky.D.M. A. K. Halliday.10. _
14、is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. _.（分数：1.00）A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram11. The distinction between parole and langue was made by_.（分数：1.00）A.Halliday.B.Chomsky.C.Bloomfield.D.Saussure.12. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the N
15、ortheast, U. S. ?（分数：1.00）A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)The Historical Background of Social Psychology While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition, its present flowering is recognized to be characte
16、ristically an American phenomenon. One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. National emergencies and conditions of social disruption provide special incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for
17、solutions to practical social problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. This event, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitler, the genocide of Jews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches of socia
18、l science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting social strain and regimentation? Can science help provide an answer? This challenging question led to a burst of cr
19、eative effort that added much to our understanding of the phenomena of leadership, public opinion, rumor, propaganda, prejudice, attitude change, morale, communication, decision-making, race relations, and conflicts of war. Reviewing the decade that followed World War , Cartwright 1961 speaks of the
20、 excitement and optimism of American social psychologists, and notes the tremendous increase in the total number of people calling themselves social psychologists. Most of these, we may add, show little awareness of the history of their field. Practical and humanitarian motives have always played an
21、 important part in the development of social psychology, not only in America but in other lands as well. Yet there have been discordant and dissenting voices, in the opinion of Herbert Spencer in England, of Ludwig Gumplowicz in Austria, and of William Graham Sumner in the United States, it is both
22、futile and dangerous for man to attempt to steer or to speed social change. Social evolution, they argue, requires time and obeys laws beyond the control of man. The only practical service of social science is to warn man not to interfere with the course of nature (or society). But these authors are
23、 in a minority. Most social psychologists share with Comte an optimistic view of mans chances to better his way of life. Has he not already improved his health via biological sciences? Why should he not better his social relationships via social sciences? For the past century this optimistic outlook
24、 has persisted in the face of slender accomplishment to date. Human relations seem stubbornly set. Wars have not been abolished, labor troubles have not abated, and racial tensions are still with us. Give us time and give us money for research, the optimists say. （分数：0.99）(1).Social psychology devel
25、oped in the USA（分数：0.33）A.because its roots are intellectually western in origin.B.as a direct response to the great depression.C.to meet the threat of Adolf Hitler and his policy of mass genocide.D.because of its pragmatic traditions for dealing with social problems.(2).According to the author, soc
26、ial psychology should help man to（分数：0.33）A.preserve individual rights.B.become healthier.C.be aware of history.D.improve material welfare.(3).Who believed that man can influence social change for the good of society?（分数：0.33）A.Cartwright.B.Spencer.C.Sumner.D.Comte.Every street had a story, every bu
27、ilding a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out. The tow
28、n had changed, but then it hadnt. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to ad
29、joining landowners, nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year. But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as wh
30、en Ray roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned. This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten
31、rule in the town that little was done on Sundays except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbors, rest and relax the way God intended. It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf .killing time until the appointed hour for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good me
32、mories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played little League for the Pirates, and there was the public pool hed swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churchesBaptist, Methodist , and Presbyterianfacing each other
33、 at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples competing for height. They were empty now, but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services. The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large e
34、nough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasnt a single empty or boarded-up building around the squareno small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law office
35、s and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath. He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money hed never seen must have been buried in th
36、ose graves. He parked and walked to his mothers grave, something he hadnt done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged. Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his fathers study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving in
37、structions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be given, many decrees and directions, because his father(who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered. Moving again, Ray passed the water tower hed climbed twice, the
38、second time with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place hed never visited since hed left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting bounced off the team. It was twenty minutes before
39、five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting. （分数：1.00）(1). From the first paragraph, we get the impression that_.（分数：0.25）A.Ray cherished his childhood memories.B.Ray had something urgent to take care of.C.Ray may not have a happy childhood.D.Ray cannot remember his childhood days.(2). Which of
40、 the following adjectives does NOT describe Rays hometown?（分数：0.25）A.Lifeless.B.Religious.C.Traditional.D.Quiet.(3). From the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents was_.（分数：0.25）A.close.B.remote.C.tense.D.impossible to tell.(4). It can be inferred from the passage th
41、at Rays father was all EXCEPT_.（分数：0.25）A.considerate.B.punctual.C.thrifty.D.dominant.Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are luckie
42、r: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S. agricultur
43、al support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations. It is also designed to help the Republican Party win cotrol of the Senate in Novembers mid-term elections. Agricultural production in most poo
44、r countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3 in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 199
45、9 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. Its not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Gerald Ssendawu
46、la, Ugandas Minister of Finance. What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete. Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output. This is no pie-in-the-sky speculatio
47、n. The biggest success in Kenyas economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008. when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the least-developed country status that allows African producers to avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the
