1、专业英语八级19及答案解析 (总分：77.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00) Study Activities in University In order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own. 1. Essay writing: cen
2、tral focus of university work esp. in the humanities, e.g 【1】 benefits:l) Helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding. 2) Enabling teachers to know progress and to offer【2】. 3) miliarizing students with exam forms. 2. Seminars and classroom discussion: another form to
3、 internalize knowledge in specialized contexts. benefits: l)【3】enables you to know the effectivess of and others response to your speechimmediately. 2) Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt with thanin 【4】. 3) The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged. 3. Individual tu
4、torials:a substitute for group discussion. format: from teacher【5】to flexible conversation, benefit: encouraging ideas and interaction. 4. Lectures: a most【6】used study activity. disadvantages:(1) Less【7】than discussions or tutorials. 2) More demanding than notetaking. advantages: 1) Providing a gen
5、eral 【8】 of a subject under discussion. 2) Offering more easily understood versions of a theory. 3) Updating students on【9】developments. 4) Allowing students to follow different【10】 （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1). What is th
6、e purpose of Professor McKays report?（分数：0.20）A.To look into the mental health of old people.B.To explain why people have negative views on old age.C.To help correct some false beliefs about old age.D.To identify the various problems of old age.(2). Which of the following is NOT Professor McKays vie
7、w?（分数：0.20）A.People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.B.There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C.We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D.We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.(3). According to Professor McKays report
8、, _.（分数：0.20）A.family love is gradually disappearing.B.it is hard to comment on family feeling.C.more children are indifferent to their parents.D.family love remains as strong as ever.(4). Professor McKay is _towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.（分数：0.20）A.negativeB.
9、positiveC.ambiguousD.neutral(5). The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against is _.（分数：0.20）A.old-age sickness.B.loose family ties.C.poor mental abilities.D.difficulties in maths.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)1.According to the news, American troops in Panam
10、a （分数：0.50）A.were attacked at refugee camps.B.were angry at delays in departure.C.attacked Cuban refugee camps last week.D.will be increased to 2,000.(1).International Olympic Committee believes what _has done is relatively far from ideal.（分数：0.25）A.LondonB.MadridC.MoscowD.Paris(2)._of London still
11、have much to improve.（分数：0.25）A.Achievable budgetB.Financial supportC.PlanningD.Transport system四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2. The President during the American Civil War was_.（分数：1.00）A.Andrew Jackson.B.Abraham Lincoln.C.Thomas Jefferson.D.George Washington.3. The capital of New Zealand is_
12、.（分数：1.00）A.Christchurch.B.Auckland.C.Wellington.D.Hamilton.4. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_.（分数：1.00）A.the Shadow Cabinet.B.the Parliament.C.the Opposition.D.the Cabinet.5. _is the state church in England.（分数：1.00）A.The Roman Catholic ChurchB.The Baptist ChurchC.The Protestant ChurchD.T
13、he Church of England6. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?（分数：1.00）A.The Aborigines.B.The Maori.C.The Indians.D.The Eskimos.7. The words kid, child, offspring are examples of_.（分数：1.00）A.dialectal synonyms.B.stylistic synonyms.C.emotive synonyms.D.collocatio
14、nal synonyms.8. _is the capital city of Canada.（分数：1.00）A.VancouverB.OttawaC.MontrealD.York9. Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?（分数：1.00）A.T.S.Eliot.B.D. H.Lawrence.C.Theodore Dreiser.D.James Joyce.10. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion o
15、f_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.11. The distinction between parole and langue was made by_.（分数：1.00）A.Halliday.B.Chomsky.C.Bloomfield.D.Saussure.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned wit
16、h, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-days flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists,
17、 to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors
18、to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher. Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politica
19、lly within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners. More tha
20、n 150,000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $ 950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fairs
21、and international events to attract visitors to Chile. Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mounta
22、ins on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services. But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within
23、 one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regi
24、ons rivers. However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts and pistes as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks. Air links betwe
25、en Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost nonexistent. Internal transport links are
26、 being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inac
27、cessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental group, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico
28、 and European resort. The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chil
29、ean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas. But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the countrys tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, cont
30、rolled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches. （分数：1.00）(1).Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by（分数：0.20）A.geographical location.B.guerrilla warfare.C.political instability.D.street cri
31、me.(2).Many of Chiles tourists used to come from EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.U.S.AB.the Far East.C.western Europe.D.her neighbors.(3).According to the author, Chiles greatest attraction is（分数：0.20）A.the unspoilt beaches.B.the dry and hot desert.C.the famous mountain range.D.the high standard of services.(4).Ac
32、cording to the passage, in WHICH area improvement is already under way?（分数：0.20）A.Facilities in the ski resorts.B.Domestic transport system.C.Air services to AsiaD.Road network in the south.(5).The objection to the development of Chiles tourism might be all EXCEPT that it（分数：0.20）A.is ambitious and
33、unrealisticB.is politically sensitive.C.will bring harm to culture.D.will cause pollution in the areaThe fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mello
34、w, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let f
35、ire at him. But he made no account of this. The trees on the wood-edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full lightfor it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper-like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam,
36、was full of light. The fowls were round about-the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance-and she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her conscious
37、ness was, as it were, held back. She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellbound-she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He kne
38、w her, he was not daunted. She struggled, confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather, she saw his white buttocks twinkle.
39、 And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind. She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determi
40、ned to find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and
41、thither. As soon as supper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why. She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him. she was possessed by him. She saw his
42、dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the greyish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contempt
43、uous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees. （分数：1.00）(1).At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to be all EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.cunningB.fierceC.defiantD.annoyi
44、ng(2).As the story proceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of（分数：0.20）A.the lightB.the treesC.the nightD.the fox(3).Gradually March seems to be in a state of（分数：0.20）A.blanknessB.imaginationC.sadnessD.excitement(4).At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of_between March and the fo
45、x. （分数：0.20）A.detachmentB.angerC.intimacyD.conflict(5).The passage creates an overall impression of（分数：0.20）A.mysteryB.horrorC.livelinessD.contemptSocial change is more likely to occur in heterogeneous societies than in homogeneous ones, simply because there are more diverse points of view available
46、 in the former. There are more ideas, more conflicts of interest, and more groups and organizations of different persuasions. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and tolerance in heterogeneous societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of li
47、fe to decision rather than subjecting them to authority. In a quite homogeneous society, there are fewer occasions for people to perceive the need or the opportunity for change, because everything seems to be the same and, if not satisfactory, at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily (1) in the material aspects of the culture than in the non
