1、专业英语八级29及答案解析 (总分：76.97，做题时间：120分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Just as (1) 1is famous for the tango, so American is well-known for jazz, a typical American invention. Unlike traditional music, which is restricted to European , jazz music is (2) 2and free-formed. Jazz is interesting, so is its
2、(3) 3. The music was invented by Negroes, who were taken away from West Africa and sold as slaves to the plantation owners in the South of the country. Their work was hard and their life was short. When one died, the friends and relatives would attend the (4) 4. On the occasion, a music band often a
3、ccompanied a march to the cemetery. On the way to the cemetery, slow, solemn music was played, but on the way back home (5) 5music was preferred. The music made everyone want to dance. This was the early form of jazz. There were also other musical (6) 6that influenced the formation of jazz. One was
4、the musical (7) 7in West Africa, from where these Negroes were taken away to America. The other was the (8) 8music, which always describes something sadan unhappy love affair, a money problem, bad luck. Still the third was the liberated blacks (9) 9to create a new music form that was fast, happy and
5、 set a (10) 10rhythm to express their new-found freedom after the American Civil War. （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).What subject is Mr. Pitt good at?（分数：0.20）A.Art.B.French.C.German.D.Chemistry.(2).What does Mr. Pitt NOT do
6、 in his spare time?（分数：0.20）A.Doing a bit of acting and photography.B.Going to concerts frequently.C.Playing traditional jazz and folk music.D.Traveling in Europe by hitch-hiking.(3).When asked what a managers role is, Mr. Pitt sounds（分数：0.20）A.confident.B.hesitant.C.resolute.D.doubtful.(4).What doe
7、s Mr. Pitt say he would like to be?（分数：0.20）A.An export salesman working overseas.B.An accountant working in the company.C.A production manager in a branch.D.A policy maker in the company.(5).Which of the following statements about the management trainee scheme is TRUE?（分数：0.20）A.Trainees are requir
8、ed to sign contracts initially.B.Trainees performance is evaluated when necessary.C.Trainees starting salary is 870 pounds.D.Trainees cannot quit the management scheme.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)(1).Japan and the United States are now （分数：0.25）A.negotiating about photographic material.B.negot
9、iating an automobile agreement.C.facing serious problems in trade.D.on the verge of a large-scale trade war.(2).The news item seems to indicate that the agreement（分数：0.25）A.will end all other related trade conflicts.B.is unlikely to solve the dispute once and for all.C.is linked to other trade agree
10、ments.D.is the last of its kind to be reached.(1).1Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he（分数：0.25）A.violated the traffic law.B.illegally attacked a boxer.C.attacked sb. after a traffic accident.D.failed to finish his contract.(2).1The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated
11、（分数：0.25）A.by the end of the year.B.in over a year.C.in August.D.in a few weeks.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)2. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?（分数：1.00）A.The Aborigines.B.The Maori.C.The Indians.D.The Eskimos.3. _is the capital city of Canada.（分数：
12、1.00）A.VancouverB.OttawaC.MontrealD.York4. The speech act theory was first put forward by_.（分数：1.00）A.John Searle.B.John Austin.C.Noam Chomsky.D.M. A. K. Halliday.5. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U. S. ?（分数：1.00）A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.6. The nov
13、el For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Scott Fitzgerald.B.William Faulkner.C.Eugene ONeill.D.Ernest Hemingway.7. _is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. _.（分数：1.00）A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram8. Which of the following is NOT a distinc
14、tive feature of human language?（分数：1.00）A.Arbitrariness.B.Productivity.C.Cultural transmission.D.Finiteness.9. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_.（分数：1.00）A.reference.B.meaning.C.antonymy.D.context.10. The novel Emma is written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Mary Shelley.B.Cha
15、rlotte Bronte.C.Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D.Jane Austen.11. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?（分数：1.00）A.William Wordsworth.B.George Elliot.C.George G. Byron.D.Percy B. Shelley.五、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)The Historical Background of Social Psychology While the roots of social psycholog
16、y lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. National emergencies and
17、conditions of social disruption provide special incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for solutions to practical social problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. This event, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitle
18、r, the genocide of Jews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches of social science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting so
19、cial strain and regimentation? Can science help provide an answer? This challenging question led to a burst of creative effort that added much to our understanding of the phenomena of leadership, public opinion, rumor, propaganda, prejudice, attitude change, morale, communication, decision-making, r
20、ace relations, and conflicts of war. Reviewing the decade that followed World War , Cartwright 1961 speaks of the excitement and optimism of American social psychologists, and notes the tremendous increase in the total number of people calling themselves social psychologists. Most of these, we may a
21、dd, show little awareness of the history of their field. Practical and humanitarian motives have always played an important part in the development of social psychology, not only in America but in other lands as well. Yet there have been discordant and dissenting voices, in the opinion of Herbert Sp
22、encer in England, of Ludwig Gumplowicz in Austria, and of William Graham Sumner in the United States, it is both futile and dangerous for man to attempt to steer or to speed social change. Social evolution, they argue, requires time and obeys laws beyond the control of man. The only practical servic
23、e of social science is to warn man not to interfere with the course of nature (or society). But these authors are in a minority. Most social psychologists share with Comte an optimistic view of mans chances to better his way of life. Has he not already improved his health via biological sciences? Wh
24、y should he not better his social relationships via social sciences? For the past century this optimistic outlook has persisted in the face of slender accomplishment to date. Human relations seem stubbornly set. Wars have not been abolished, labor troubles have not abated, and racial tensions are st
25、ill with us. Give us time and give us money for research, the optimists say. （分数：0.99）(1).Social psychology developed in the USA（分数：0.33）A.because its roots are intellectually western in origin.B.as a direct response to the great depression.C.to meet the threat of Adolf Hitler and his policy of mass
26、 genocide.D.because of its pragmatic traditions for dealing with social problems.(2).According to the author, social psychology should help man to（分数：0.33）A.preserve individual rights.B.become healthier.C.be aware of history.D.improve material welfare.(3).Who believed that man can influence social c
27、hange for the good of society?（分数：0.33）A.Cartwright.B.Spencer.C.Sumner.D.Comte.The fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once m
28、ore. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But he mad
29、e no account of this. The trees on the wood-edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full lightfor it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper-like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The
30、 fowls were round about-the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance-and she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were,
31、held back. She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellbound-she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he was not daun
32、ted. She struggled, confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather, she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, soft
33、ly, soft as the wind. She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What
34、she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither. As soon as su
35、pper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why. She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him. she was possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashe
36、d eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the greyish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contemptuous and cunning. So s
37、he went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees. （分数：1.00）(1).At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to be all EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.cunningB.fierceC.defiantD.annoying(2).As the story pro
38、ceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of（分数：0.20）A.the lightB.the treesC.the nightD.the fox(3).Gradually March seems to be in a state of（分数：0.20）A.blanknessB.imaginationC.sadnessD.excitement(4).At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of_between March and the fox. （分数：0.20）A.detachme
39、ntB.angerC.intimacyD.conflict(5).The passage creates an overall impression of（分数：0.20）A.mysteryB.horrorC.livelinessD.contemptHostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded
40、 in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metalsmiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A
41、clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for ma
42、n. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies. In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear
43、 their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slaveryit wasnt until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in
44、Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families. But the G
45、ypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group, and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continents largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regula
46、rly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions G
47、ypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. Romanestan, said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer. is where my two feet stand. （分数：0.99）(1).Gypsies are united only when they（分数：0.33）A.are engaged in traditional crafts.B.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan system.D.face external threats.(2).In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXC
