1、专业英语八级36及答案解析 (总分：77.01，做题时间：130分钟)一、PART I LISTENING (总题数：1，分数：1.00)What Can We Learn from Art? I . Introduction A. Differences between general history and art history Focus: -general history: (1) 1 -art history: political values, , everyday life, etc. B. Significance of study More information and
2、better understanding of human society and civilization II. Types of information A. Information in history books is (2) 2 facts, but no opinions B. Information in art history is subjective (3) 3and opinions e. g. Spanish painters works; misuse of governmental power Mexican artists works: attitudes to
3、wards social problems III. Art as a reflection of religious beliefs A. Europe: (4) 4in pictures in churches B. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palaces Reason: human and (5) 5are not seen as holy C. Africa and the Pacific Islands; masks, headdresses and costumes in special c
4、eremonies Purpose; to seek the help of (6) 6to protect crops, animals and people. IV. Perceptions of Art How people see art is related to their cultural background. A. Europeans and Americans (7) 7 expression of ideas B. People in other places part of everyday life (8) 8use V. Art as a reflection of
5、 social changes A. Cause of changes; (9) 9of different cultures. B. Changes tribal people: effects of (10) 10on art forms European artists: of African traditional art in their works American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting （分数：1.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项
6、1:_填空项1:_二、SECTION B INTERVI(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Davids personal background?（分数：0.20）A.He had excellent academic records at school and university.B.He was once on a PhD programme at Yale University.C.He received professional training in acting.D.He
7、came from a single-parent family.(2).David is inclined to believe in（分数：0.20）A.aliens.B.UFOs.C.the TV character.D.government conspiracies.(3).David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his（分数：0.20）A.professional training.B.personality.C.life experience.D.appearance.(4).From the interview, we
8、know that at present David feels（分数：0.20）A.a sense of frustration.B.haunted by the unknown things.C.confident but moody.D.successful yet unsatisfied.(5).How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?（分数：0.20）A.He feels a sense of anger.B.He has a sense of sadness.C.It helped him grow up.D.It
9、left no effect on him.三、SECTION C NEWS BR(总题数：2，分数：1.00)(1).Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpest drop in life expectancy? （分数：0.17）A.Latin America.B.Sub-Saharan Africa.C.Asia.D.The Caribbean.(2).According to the news, which country will experience small life expectan
10、cy drop?（分数：0.17）A.Burma.B.Botswana.C.Cambodia.D.Thailand.(3).The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly in（分数：0.17）A.Asia.B.Africa.C.Latin America.D.The Caribbean.2. The news is mainly about the city governments plan to _.（分数：0.50）A.expand and improve the e
11、xisting subway system.B.build underground malls and parking lots.C.prevent further land subsidence.D.promote advanced technology.四、PART II GENERAL K(总题数：10，分数：10.00)3._ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.（分数：1.00）A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.SemanticsD
12、.Sociolinguistics4. Syntax is the study of_.（分数：1.00）A.language functions.B.sentence structures.C.textual organization.D.word formation.5.William Butler Yeats was a(n) _ poet and playwright.（分数：1.00）A.AmericanB.CanadianC.IrishD.Australian6.The original inhabitants of Australia were_.（分数：1.00）A.the R
13、ed Indians.B.the Eskimos.C.the Aborigines.D.the Maoris.7. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?（分数：1.00）A.Arbitrariness.B.Productivity.C.Cultural transmission.D.Finiteness.8.The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes re
14、spectively EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.the Anglos.B.the Celts.C.the Jutes.D.the Saxons.9. The words kid, child, offspring are examples of_.（分数：1.00）A.dialectal synonyms.B.stylistic synonyms.C.emotive synonyms.D.collocational synonyms.10.Death of a Salesman was written by_.（分数：1.00）A.Arthur Miller.B.Ernest He
15、mingway.C.Ralph Ellison.D.James Baldwin.11.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bront?（分数：1.00）A.Oliver Twist.B.Middlemarch.C.Jane Eyre.D.Wuthering Heights.12. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U. S. ?（分数：1.00）A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.五、
16、PART III READING (总题数：4，分数：4.00)Harry Truman didnt think his successor had the right training to be president. Poor Ike it wont be a bit like the Army, he said. Hell sit there all day saying ,do this, do that,and nothing will happen. Truman was wrong about Ike. Dwight Eisenhower had led a fractious
17、alliance you didnt tell Winston Churchill what to do in a massive, chaotic war. He was used to politics. But Trumans insight could well be applied to another, even more venerated Washington figure, the CEO-turned cabinet secretary. A 20-year bull market has convinced us all that CEOs are geniuses, s
18、o watch with astonishment the troubles of Donald Rumsfeld and Paul ONeill. Here are two highly regarded businessmen, obviously intelligent and well-informed, foundering in their jobs. Actually, we shouldnt be surprised. Rumsfeld and ONeill are not doing badly despite having been successful CEOs but
19、because of it. The record of senior businessmen in government is one of almost unrelieved disappointment. In fact, with the exception of Robert Rubin, it is difficult to think of a CEO who had a successful career in government. Why is this? Well, first the CEO has to recognize that he is no longer t
20、he CEO. He is at best an adviser to the CEO, the president. But even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is diffuse and horizontally spread out. The secretary might think hes in charge of his agency. Bu
21、t the chairman of the congressional committee funding that agency feels the same. In his famous study Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents, Richard Neustadt explains how little power the president actually has and concludes that the only lasting presidential power is the power to persuade. T
22、ake Rumsfelds attempt to transform the cold-war military into one geared for the future. Its innovative but deeply threatening to almost everyone in Washington. The Defense secretary did not try to sell it to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Congress, the budget office or the White House. As a result, the
23、 idea is collapsing. Second, what power you have, you must use carefully. For example, ONeills position as Treasury secretary is one with little formal authority. Unlike Finance ministers around the world, Treasury does not control the budget. But it has symbolic power. The secretary is seen as the
24、chief economic spokesman for the administration and, if he plays it right, the chief economic adviser for the president. ONeill has been publicly critical of the IMFs bailout packages for developing countries while at the same time approving such packages for Turkey, Argentina and Brazil. As a resul
25、t, he has gotten the worst of both worlds. The bailouts continue, but their effect in holstering investor confidence is limited because the markets are rattled by his skepticism. Perhaps the government doesnt do bailouts well. But that leads to a third rule: you cant just quit. Jack Welchs famous la
26、w for re-engineering General Electric was to be first or second in any given product category, or else get out of that business. But if the government isnt doing a particular job at peak level, it doesnt always have the option of relieving itself of that function. The Pentagon probably wastes a lot
27、of money. But it cant get out of the national-security business. The key to former Treasury secretary Rubins success may have been that he fully understood that business and government are, in his words, necessarily and properly very different. In a recent speech he explained, Business functions aro
28、und one predominate organizing principle, profitability . Government, on the other hand, deals with a vast number of equally legitimate and often potentially competing objectives for example, energy production versus environmental protection, or safety regulations versus productivity. Rubins example
29、 shows that talented people can do well in government if they are willing to treat it as its own separate, serious endeavour. But having been bathed in a culture of adoration and flattery, its difficult for a CEO to believe he needs to listen and learn, particularly from those despised and poorly pa
30、id specimens, politicians, bureaucrats and the media. And even if he knows it intellectually, he just cans live with it. （分数：1.00）(1).For a CEO to be successful in government, he has to（分数：0.25）A.regard the president as the CEO.B.take absolute control of his department.C.exercise more power than the
31、 congressional committee.D.become acquainted with its power structure.(2).In commenting on ONeills record as Treasury Secretary, the passage seems to indicate that （分数：0.25）A.ONeill has failed to use his power well.B.ONeills policies were well receivedC.ONeill has been consistent in his policies.D.O
32、Neill is uncertain about the package hes approved(3).According to the passage, the differences between government and business lie in the following areas EXCEPT （分数：0.25）A.nature of activity.B.option of withdrawal.C.legitimacy of activity.D.power distribution.(4).The author seems to suggest that CEO
33、-turned government officials（分数：0.25）A.are able to fit into their new roles.B.are unlikely to adapt to their new roles.C.can respond to new situations intelligently.D.may feel uncertain in their new posts.The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned
34、with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-days flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract touris
35、ts, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visito
36、rs to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher. Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable polit
37、ically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners. More
38、than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US $ 950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a worldwide campaign, taking part in trade fai
39、rs and international events to attract visitors to Chile. Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mou
40、ntains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and have a high standard of services. But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts wit
41、hin one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the r
42、egions rivers. However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not have as many lifts and pistes as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks. Air links be
43、tween Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chiles two largest airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost nonexistent. Internal transport links
44、are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto i
45、naccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental group, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mex
46、ico and European resort. The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The C
47、hilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas. But there are immense commercial pressures to exploit the countrys tourism potential. The Government will have to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural r
