1、专业英语八级（作文）-试卷77及答案解析 (总分：10.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.PART V WRITING（分数：2.00）_2.It is reported that Chinese lawmakers are considering regulations to promote reading among the public. The news has caused concern over what exactly a new policy regarding reading might entail, but some do
2、believe that the measure could help promote the average literacy rate across China. The following are excerpts of opinions. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions; 2. give your comment.Ye Zhurong from Beijing While entertainment and leisure
3、 magazines are extremely popular, traditional publications are no longer well received. People read books more flippantly. With the increase of soap operas and other TV shows, fewer and fewer people are attached to reading. Although electronic media help spread information, it still defers the tradi
4、tional practice of reading. Raising the overall literacy rate is no easy target. With reading not stressed at all, efforts to stimulate public interest will have to be plentiful. For example, schools should create encouraging atmospheres for reading and allow students to fall in love with books to e
5、ventually affect all of society. Furthermore, its important to set up more libraries. At some existing facilities, most books are old, procedures outdated and borrowing fees absolute. To boost national literacy, implementation is the key. We need to put into practice all kinds of effective measures
6、to promote reading.Jia Zhiyong from Chongqi While a reading law places emphasis on national literacy levels, it also reflects the worrying fact that reading has yet to be encouraged among the Chinese public, which likes to boast about its 5,000-year-old history and rich culture. People read for cert
7、ain purposes, including making money or conducting research. It is also a leisurely pastime to be enjoyed in ones spare time. No matter what type you are engaged in, reading is helpful for both personal and social progress. A lack of reading could well damage the advancement of an innovative culture
8、 or civilization. In whatever form, reading is meant to make people feel good, improve personal qualities, tap into potential capabilities and promote innovation. How to develop and promote such a culture remains the key question.Qiu Shi from Shanghai To determine the necessity of a law we need to f
9、irst ascertain what it entails. Officials claim the regulation would protect peoples right to read, while it remains unclear as to what would happen to those who do not enjoy books. Relevant authorities should provide sufficient investment in libraries and balance the distribution of reading materia
10、ls across different areas, while ensuring people get enough time to read within a conducive environment. With a serious shortage of public facilities geared toward reading, laws are required to redress the matter.Mao Jianguo from Qingdao A nations literacy rate to a large extent affects its future d
11、evelopment potential. When it comes to reading, we have to look at two problems. First, the public must be provided with quality books, not trash ones on the market. Because pay is low, many writers can only survive by churning out as much of the latter as possible. Is it possible to better support
12、authors in writing books with more literary value? Second, its important to make reading more convenient, which requires the construction of more libraries. In some cities, such facilities lack books or are remotely situated. If people could have better access to quality reading material, surely pub
13、lic interest in books would increase. Therefore, at present, what we need is not a law, but more investment in facilities to boost enthusiasm for reading.（分数：2.00）_3.Unmarried men across China used to spend Nov. 11 lamenting their single status with a drink. Now that unofficial holiday has become th
14、e worlds largest online shopping event. The following two excerpts are about this online shopping carnival. Though it sees record breaking sales every year, it causes many concerns meanwhile. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize the development of Double-11 c
15、raze, and then 2. express your opinion towards this festival, especially whether consumers are truly benefiting from it.Excerpt 1 At one second after midnight, when the calendar flips to November 11th, millions of Chinese shoppers will start clicking themselves into a frenzy of consumer excess. Thro
16、ugh their smartphones, computers and tablets, they will take advantage of steep discounts and other incentives offered by Chinas biggest online retailers, who have been busily laying the groundwork with advertising campaigns and assiduous logistical preparations. By the time midnight rolls round the
17、 following day, shoppers will have spent billions of yuan, and many of the hundreds of millions of packages that they ordered online will have been delivered to their doors. How did a frivolous and informal Chinese holiday evolve into the worlds biggest single-day retail event? November 11th is Sing
18、les Day in China, a holiday that now occasions these massive movements of merchandise. Since the 1990s it has been observed casually and playfully by unmarried Chinese to celebrateor perhaps bemoantheir single status. The date was chosen because of the four ones it contains (11/11). It is the Alibab
19、a Group that claims the credit for transforming Singles Day into a shopping orgy. In 2009, one of its executives was trawling the calendar for an autumn date to serve as the foundation for a Chinese shopping day that could rival Americas Black Friday the day after Thanksgiving that marks the beginni
20、ng of the Christmas shopping season. The goal was to use discounts and other one-off promotions to lure Chinas already-avid consumer class into online retail. The promotion was an immediate success and has grown since: shoppers spent more than 57 billion yuan via Alibaba alone last year. That dwarfs
21、 the $1.5 billion spent by Americans online during last years Black Friday.Excerpt 2 I like Double Eleven. Everything is cheap on this day. This year, Im only buying clothes. They are much cheaper online than they are in shopping malls. But the thing is, youve got to be careful on this day. You need
22、 to compare the prices offered in different shops, because some shops will raise prices first before they lower it on Singles Day. said Li Jianhua, a customer in Beijing.One issue which tends to crop up every year is the availability of products people want to buy. Zhao Ping with the Ministry of Com
23、merce says theyve found a growing number of retailers, particularly those selling products online, are simply using Singles Day as a way to promote their own site. The Double Eleven shopping spree is more complicated than it seems. Many online shops are involved in the promotion. But their supplies
24、often dont meet the demand. Many people have found that the low-price products theyve set their sights on are gone almost instantly. Many businesses use this trick to attract customers to their online shops, benefiting only a very small number of their customers. The Commerce Ministry is also warnin
25、g consumers to be wary of certain bargains, noting many retailers will begin increasing the prices of their products in advance of Singles Day to try to fool shoppers into thinking theyre getting a good deal with the Singles Day price-cut.（分数：2.00）_4.The recently increasing number of commercial acti
26、vities in museums has caused widespread concern in China. People worry that this trend will tarnish the image of museums as respected cultural venues and also threaten the cultural relics and classic objects in museum collections. Others, however, disagree. From the following excerpts, you can find
27、two journalists opinions on this trend. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the arguments on both sides; 2. give your comment on this trend. Excerpt 1Zhu Changjun from When the Nanjing Museum in Jiangsu Province was used as a venue for promoting a r
28、eal estate project, it significantly altered the publics perception of such institutions. Opening museums to commercial activities poses potential risks to the collections and also betrays the nature of museums as public property. Should museums distance themselves entirely from commerce? The answer
29、 is: no. Regulations issued by the Ministry of Culture encourage museums to engage in dissemination of scientific and cultural knowledge, development of cultural products, and provision of professional training on a for-profit basis. Arranging commercial activities in moderation to benefit museum op
30、erations is actually a common trend globally. Commercialization of museums is not necessarily a bad thing; the key is the degree to which museums should be open to business. In recent years, admission to more and more museums has become free, as these institutions have gained recognition as provider
31、s of public cultural goods and services. Concurrently, though, lack of revenue, which adversely affects museums short- and long-term operations, has become an increasingly prominent issue. In these circumstances, moderate commercialization can help to make up for funding shortages. Commercial operat
32、ions, though, must be standardized, as preventing excessive commercialization from staining the reputation of museums and eroding their public nature is crucial.Excerpt 2Xia Zhenbin from Guangzhou Daily Museums around the world are engaged in commercial activities. Regulations and relevant policies
33、in China encourage the financing of protection and research of cultural relics through various channels and paid services. Museums are supposed to make profits by respecting basic principles and bottom lines. What principles can rein in museums commercial activities? Actually, a consensus already ex
34、ists. Regarding safety, for example, commercial activities must pay full attention to the protection of cultural relics. Unfortunately, however, safety consciousness is often lacking in the minds of those who manage such events, which puts valuable objects in hazardous conditions. Commercial activit
35、ies must accord with and serve the museums heritage protection and educational functions. These institutions are supposed to select business activities to host in a discerning way, so as not to associate themselves too closely with commercial organizations. Its acceptable for museums to generate inc
36、ome to improve their operations, but rules exist that dictate what museums can and cannot do. State-owned museums, theoretically, need approval from administrative watchdogs in order to host commercial activities. In reality, however, this procedure is often neglected. And even if applications are s
37、ubmitted to supervisory bodies, the criteria used for assessment and who has the final say of approval remain ambiguous. As museums belong to the public, the aim of commercial operations should not be to feather the nest but to re-invest proceeds in improving and developing the institutions. Althoug
38、h museums business activities ought to be transparent to the general public, in many cases, commercial revenues are not publicly disclosed, and this creates circumstances that have the potential to facilitate corruption. In any case, commercialization is a general trend, and standardizing rather tha
39、n trying to curb it would be prudent so that museums can gain funding to improve their operations, which is in the public interest.（分数：2.00）_5.The influence of the field of happiness economics is growing. Many corporations now employ chief happiness officers, and mood-tracking personal devices are g
40、aining in popularity. But some say quantifying happiness only leads to anxiety, as individuals cant achieve what is an inherently elusive feeling. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the main idea of the article, and then 2. express your opinion towa
41、rds the trend, especially whether happiness is a healthy goal for society. Dont Make Personal Growth a Utilitarian Goal Economists have spent most of the 20th century ignoring psychology, positive or otherwise. But today there is a great deal of emphasis on how happiness can shape global economies,
42、oron a smaller scalesuccessful business practice. This is driven, in part, by a trend in measuring positive emotions, mostly so they can be optimized. Neuroscientists, for example, claim to be able to locate specific emotions, such as happiness or disappointment, in particular areas of the brain. We
43、arable technologies, such as Spire, offer data-driven advice on how to reduce stress. Happiness indicators are increasingly used as a basis to transform or discipline individuals. We are no longer just dealing with happiness in a philosophical or romantic senseit has become something that can be mon
44、itored and measured, including by our behavior, use of social media and bodily indicators such as pulse rate and facial expressions. There is nothing automatically sinister about this trend. But it is worried that the businesses and experts driving the quantification of happiness claim to have our b
45、est interests at heart, often concealing their own agendas in the process. In the workplace, happy workers are viewed as a win-win. Work becomes more pleasant, and employees, more productive. But this is now being pursued through the use of performance-evaluating wearable technology, such as Humanyz
46、e or Virgin Pulse, both of which monitor physical signs of stress and activity toward the goal of increasing productivity. Cities such as Dubai, which has pledged to become the happiest city in the world, dream up ever-more elaborate and intrusive ways of collecting data on well-beingto the point wh
47、ere there is now talk of using CCTV cameras to monitor facial expressions in public spaces. New ways of detecting emotions are hitting the market all the time: One company, Beyond Verbal, aims to calculate moods conveyed in a phone conversation, potentially without the knowledge of at least one of t
48、he participants. And Facebook demonstrated last summer that it could influence our emotions through tweaking our news feedsopening the door to ever-more targeted manipulation in advertising and influence. As the science grows more sophisticated and technologies become more intimate with our thoughts and bodies, a clear trend is emerging. Where happiness indicators were once used as a basis to reform society, challenging the obsession with m
