1、专业英语八级（阅读）-试卷139及答案解析 (总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：44.00)1.PART II READING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested
2、 answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer._The average U. S. household has to pay an exorbitant amount of money for an Internet connection that the rest of the industrial world would find mediocre. According to a recent report by the Berkman Center for Internet
3、 and Society at Harvard University, broadband Internet service in the U. S. is not just slower and more expensive than it is in tech-sawy nations such as South Korea and Japan; the U. S. has fallen behind infrastructure-challenged countries such as Portugal and Italy as well. The consequences are fa
4、r worse than having to wait a few extra seconds for a movie to load. Because broadband connections are the railroads of the 21st centuryessential infrastructure required to transmit products (these days, in the form of information) from seller to buyerour creaky Internet makes it harder for U. S. en
5、trepreneurs to compete in global markets. As evidence, consider that the U. S. came in dead last in another recent study that compared how quickly 40 countries and regions have been progressing toward a knowledge-based economy over the past 10 years. We are at risk in the global race for leadership
6、in innovation, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chairman Julius Genachowski said recently. Consumers in Japan and France are paying less for broadband and getting faster connections. Weve got work to do. It was not always like this. A decade ago the U. S. ranked at or near the top of most stu
7、dies of broadband price and performance. But that was before the FCC made a terrible mistake. In 2002 it reclassified broadband Internet service as an information service rather than a telecommunications service. In theory, this step implied that broadband was equivalent to a content provider (such
8、as AOL or Yahoo!) and was not a means to communicate, such as a telephone line. In practice, it has stifled competition. Phone companies have to compete for your business. Even though there may be just one telephone jack in your home, you can purchase service from any one of a number of different lo
9、ng-distance providers. Not so for broadband Internet. Here consumers generally have just two choices: the cable company, which sends data through the same lines used to deliver television signals, and the phone company, which uses older telephone lines and hence can only offer slower service. The sa
10、me is not true in Japan, Britain and the rest of the rich world. In such countries, the company that owns the physical infrastructure must sell access to independent providers on a wholesale market. Want high-speed Internet? You can choose from multiple companies, each of which has to compete on pri
11、ce and service. The only exceptions to this policy in the whole of the 32-nation Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development are the U. S. , Mexico and the Slovak Republic, although the Slovaks have recently begun to open up their lines. A separate debateover net neutrality, the principle
12、that Internet providers must treat all data equally regardless of their origin or contenthas put the broadband crisis back in the spotlight. Earlier this year a federal appeals court struck down the FCCs plan to enforce net neutrality, saying that because the FCC classified the Internet as an inform
13、ation service, it does not have any more authority to ensure that Internet providers treat all content equally than it does to ensure that CNN treats all political arguments equally. In response, the FCC announced its intention to reclassify broadband Internet as a telecommunications service. The mo
14、ve would give the FCC power to enforce net neutrality as well as open broadband lines up to third-party competition, enabling free markets to deliver better service for less money. Yet, puzzlingly, the FCC wants to take only a half-step. Genachowski has said that although he regards the Internet as
15、a telecommunications service, he does not want to bring in third-party competition. This move may have been intended to avoid criticism from policy makers, both Republican and Democrat, who have aligned themselves with large Internet providers such as AT&T and Comcast that stand to suffer when their
16、 local monopolies are broken. It is frustrating, however, to see Genachowski acknowledge that the U. S. has fallen behind so many other countries in its communications infrastructure and then rule out the most effective way to reverse the decline. We call on the FCC to take this important step and f
17、ree the Internet.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following statements can best describe American Internet service?（分数：2.00）A.People have to pay more to get better Internet connections.B.It has always been ranked low with regard to its broadband performance.C.Internet used to be regarded as the tool of pro
18、viding information in America.D.Slower speed and higher price will hinder the competitiveness of American Internet.(2).Paragraph Three and the first two paragraphs can form a_.（分数：2.00）A.chronological relationshipB.parallel relationshipC.sharp contrastD.causal relationship(3).What conclusion can be
19、drawn from the last two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.The current action taken by FCC will be very effective in improving American communication infrastructure.B.Only through the third-party participation in the competition can American Internet experience advance.C.The author agrees with FCCs measures in d
20、ealing with American Internet.D.The policy makers stand by FCC since their intentions are important for America.(4).Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.American Broadband Internet Lags Behind Other CountriesB.American Broadband Internet to Be Freed From MonopolyC.Amer
21、ican Broadband InternetImportant Information ProviderD.American Broadband InternetVital Communication InfrastructureTheres a brief scene in the back half of Pixars Up in which 8-year-old Russell recalls how, years before, his estranged father used to take him out for ice cream. Butter Brickie was Da
22、ds favorite flavor, Russells was chocolate, and the pair would sit together, slurping their melting treats and counting passing red and blue cars. That might sound boring, says Russell, pink-cheeked with embarrassment. But I think the boring stuff is the stuff I remember most. If anything sums Pixar
23、s modus operandi, its loving the boring stuff. Finding salvation rather than the Devil in the details is one of the main reasons for the studios artistic (53 combined Oscar nominations and wins) and commercial (nearly $ 5 billion in worldwide box-office gross) successes. Up, the studios 10th full-le
24、ngth film, clocks in at a zippy 86 minutes and, like the nine before it, will rise or fall on the strength of its smallest moments. Still, for a film of small, finely observed scenes, the hype surrounding Up is supersized. It was the first animated film ever to open the Cannes Film Festival, and dan
25、gles from its own balloon fleet of big ambitions, a big budget and big expectations. Up also marks Pixars first foray in the currently hot market of 3-D films, and has the added pressure of following Oscar-winning Wall-E, which pulled in more than half a billion dollars worldwide. Is the answer Carl
26、 Frederickson, Ups old-timer hero and the Disney-family antithesis of the studios current megaplex stable, the blow-dried Jonas Brothers and teen queen Miley Cyrus? Yes, in part because of the inspiration the film draws from The Wizard of Oz (obvious flying-house parallels) and, according to Pixar,
27、1941 s Dumbo. Ups Technicolor purity and deliberately unrealistic animation is a throwback to those early Dumbo days, the studio says, when you could populate a simple adventure movie with caricatured heroes and have it be as powerful (and lucrative) as a realistic film. Joe Grant, the legendary Dis
28、ney character designer who drew the classic elephant and to whom Up is dedicated, was a posthumous influence on Carls character and environs: We went to (Grants) house, and there were even trails where someone had walked the path for 40 years, remembers Jonas Rivera, an Up producer who started at th
29、e studio as an intern in its Toy Story phase. It was really inspiring to us, the patina and weight of age on that house. Remarkably, the expectations havent changed Pixars wonky, director-driven focus on the teeny-tiny. (Id) walk into the story room and hear a half-hour argument about how Carl might
30、 sit down in a chair, or where his phone would go, Rivera says. What were trying to do is not just argue about the details, but find ways to create a believable, implied history. Ups details have an incredible tactile quality, from the jiggle of golden retriever Dugs glossy coat to the sweet earnest
31、y of Russells sewn-on scout badges. An early sequence shows Carl aging not through conventional tropes like seasons changing, but through a montage of his neckties as his wife lovingly draws up their knots. The texture and style of his ties change to reflect the decades, and the tie fibers are so cl
32、osely rendered that you can almost feel their nubby weave. We sent our shading art director.to the Fashion Institute to research fabric samples of different eras for the ties, even for Carls suits, like the houndstooth, says Rivera. The guiding principle is the same across all Pixar films: Wonder an
33、d interest doesnt have to come out of pizzazz and spectacle and huge idea. .I always knew that the power came from the small, and not from the big, Wall-E director Andrew Stanton said earlier this year. (Making Wall-E) got me thinking about, and this may sound commercial, but how good Spielberg was
34、at making moments of the littlest things. That minor details drive major plot points doesnt happen without meticulous curation, especially in the opening, silent montages of both Wall-E and Up. Its not letting any stone be unturned, Stanton said about Wall-E. It wasnt a random choice to just pick th
35、is. Its a conversation, like, Why are we picking this, why are we using this object, why are we in this set? And frankly, I know these are questions I know youre supposed to ask yourself as a filmmaker with any film, but theres something interesting about doing a film whereand I never see it as sile
36、ntdialogue is no longer one of the ingredients thats giving you information. All I could do is give you intention and emotion. As Up continues to remind us, sometimes thats all you need.（分数：8.00）(1).What is the role of Paragraph One in the development of the topic?（分数：2.00）A.To introduce a feature t
37、hat the following paragraphs will deal with in detail.B.To describe the beginning of a story that the passage is going to reveal.C.To offer supporting evidence to the following paragraphs.D.To provide a contrast to the following paragraphs.(2).Which of the following descriptions of Up is CORRECT?（分数
38、：2.00）A.It was nominated for Oscar.B.It won nearly $5 billion box-office gross.C.It was accepted at Cannes Film Festival.D.It is a sequel of the film Wall-E.(3).Paragraph Six mainly tell us that_.（分数：2.00）A.Wall-E is a film as successful as UpB.good dialogues no longer make good filmsC.a combination
39、 of small decisions lead to a great filmD.a guiding principle is the foundation of a good film(4).Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Boring SuccessB.Pixars New WonderC.Artistic VS. CommercialD.Wall-E and UpIt is quite a feat to be invisible while occupying substantia
40、l buildings in central London flanking the Royal Academy of Arts. But thats just what the Linnean Society, the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Geological Society of London, the Society of Antiquaries of London and the Royal Astronomical Society managed to do for nearly a century. Then, in 2004, Her
41、Majestys Government not only noticed but also questioned their right to remain at Burlington House, as the complex is called. To the Learned Societies this may have seemed a bitter irony. In 1857,the government of a previous queen had built Burlington House expressly to house them all. Reverence for
42、 such institutions, along with the value of real estate, was not what it had been in Victorias day. But their terms of occupancy remained unchanged. When they moved into Burlington House, only the Royal Academy, run by supposedly impractical artists, asked for a lease. It was given 999 years at a pe
43、ppercorn rent. The Societies and their allegedly hard-headed scientist members, were leaseless and rent-free. As decades passed, keeping a low profile must have seemed a sensible idea. Indeed, by 1920,some fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London (SAL),thought it essential. When a 1919 Act of
44、 Parliament made it illegal to bar women from such societies merely because of their gender, a committee of SAL fellows pressed for immediate action: women must be invited to become fellows at once. This was not in order to right previous wrongs. It was to avoid criticism and with it the risk that p
45、eople might notice that no rent was being paid. The danger averted, heads stayed below the parapet. But danger reappeared in 2004. With the reputed aim of clarifying SALs presence at Burlington House, the government brought a suit against it. Rumour swept through intellectual London that, in fact, t
46、he government wanted to turf the Societies outor to get a full market rent, which would have amounted to much the same thing. Alarmed feathers from five aviaries of rare birds went flying. Now, three years later, feathers are smooth. Indeed, cooing can be heard occasionally from Burlington House. Co
47、mpromises reached with the government have given the Learned Societies security of tenure at affordable rents. In return, the Societies have begun introducing themselves to one another and to the public. They have created a cultural campus in the courtyard to share scholarship and conviviality and r
48、eflect their new appreciation that there is strength in numbers. Earlier this year, the Linnean Society announced it was producing a digital archive of its priceless collections of specimens, manuscripts and letters of the world famous Swedish naturalist, Carl Linnaeus, on this the 300th anniversary of his birth. The SAL, also 300 this year, is celebrating with a nine-month series of lectures. On September 26th, David Starkey, one of the most high-profile of its 2,300 fell
