1、专业英语八级词汇-16及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Nonverbal communication is a process which communicators (1) use the natural features of their bodies to deliver informationand express specific meaning instinctive to the other communicator. (2) The study of nonverbal communication covers three major parts:Prox
2、emics, Kinesics and Body Language, and Paralanguage. (3) Proxemics refers that people keep a certain space with each other (4) when they communicate and the meaning it suggests. For example,Arabians like to keep close while Englishmen like to keep acertain distance. It is fun to see they are in conv
3、ersation. (5) Arabians will come closer and closer but Englishmen willwithdraw further and further. When they finish the conversation,they are far from the place they stood. Kinesics is also called (6) body language, that studies the meanings of the movement of (7) all parts of body and it includes
4、many nonverbal behavior such like (8) eye language, gestures, postures, facial expressions, touch andso on. Paralanguage refers to all kinds of sound signs made by (9) mouth, which can express certain emotions and ideas. Paralanguageis not the phrases and sentences with clear meanings. It is to tran
5、sforminformation by sound, such as Ouch. Except this, the pitch of tone (10) and loudness or quietness of voice also belongs to paralanguage.And some researchers believe that clothing belongs to paralanguage, too.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Language change i
6、nevitably leads to variation, and variationwithin a speech community often leads to social valuation ofparticular features as good or bad. Good variants are typicallybelieved to be characterized logical superiority or venerability, (1) or either; bad variants must then be illogical and/or recent inv
7、entions (2) by the vulgar.But neither logic nor great age play a significant role in the (3) labeling of variants. Consider aint, which may be the English wordmost is despised by schoolteachers and pundits. Far from being (4) logical or recent, aint is a legitimate phonological descendant (5) of amn
8、t, which was the original contraction of am not. Itisnt clear how aint fell in disrepute, but once there, it left an (6) awkward gap in the system of negative contractions: We haveYoure going, arent you? , Shes going, isnt she?, and so on,but sure no real person actually says Im going, am I not?. (7
9、) Instead, people say Im going, arent I? , in the part because they (8) have been taught to avoid aint like the plague; and here logicshudders, because while You are going, She is going, etc., are fine,I are going is possible for native speakers of English. The point (9) of this example is not to ur
10、ge rehabilitation of aint-legislatinglanguage change is generally a losing proposition-but to illustrating (10) the linguistically arbitrary nature of social valuation of the resultsof language change.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Although China has one of the
11、 most ancient lexicographicaltraditions, we know much about the etymology of the more recent (1) Chinese words. My goal in undertaking this study was thereforeto establish the entity and characteristic of lexical events (2) between 1840 and 1898, and show that Modern Chinese lexicon isnot simple the
12、 fruit of the linguistic experiments that took place (3) in context of the literary movements of the early 20th century (4) but in fact developed thanks both to its traditional base and to thecontribution of lexical inventions of the 19th century. Withthe starting assumption that languages react ext
13、ernal stimuli, I (5) drew particular attention to the impact on Chinese lexicon of (6) those works written by Chinese either by foreigners or by Chinese (7) in contact with foreigners, either in China or abroad. The impactof western language on Chinese lexicon could only be direct, (8) and take plac
14、e via the formation of semantic loans andloan-translations, since Chinese has great difficulty absorb (9) phonemic loans. The impact of Japanese was far greater. Because (10) different in structural terms, to some extent Japanese and Chineseshare the same writing form.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项
15、1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Some people complain about the imprecise use of language.If human language wont suffice for code information in the future (1) due to information density and speed and of course due to misunderstandings( ambiguity) then the analogue language we have now might m
16、ake away (2) for a digital language. Nowadays, everything is becoming digital.Why not human language? Of course, I dont mean to changing human (3) language by prescription but by convention. Once human languageis digitized or replaced a digital language whether prescribed or (4) agreed on, not only
17、ambiguity ends but also beauty and mysticism andculture of human heritage. This means there will definite be (5) advantages of density, speed and clarity so I am afraid a lot of (6) disadvantages as I already mentioned will ensue. Foremost amongthat is reduction. Digital data is compressed or zipped
18、. Compression (7) means losing part of the information which is beyond humanperception. Furthermore, digitalization means reducing human language to (8) two modes, there is current or no current, a duality of yes and nolike vending machines or computers. It is always a win/lose situation.This is an
19、economic principle. Although I spend two hours on reading at home (9) I might lose two hours of conversation with my friends.We have to make decision and set priorities. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_In a competitive and fast-paced modem society, busybusi
20、ness executives are so engrossing in their work (1) that they hardly know what the word leisure means.The higher an executives position is on the business ladder,the more hours he spends on his work. With a view to gaining (2) greater corporate standing or a big pay rise, he, as a rule, far (3) exce
21、eds over the 40-hour working week. The additional stress (4) and tension as well as the shortage of suitable rest and recreationvery often have a disastrous effect on his health. Few such executivesrealize that unless they learn how to relax, they will soon run of stream (5) before they get to the t
22、op of the executive ladder. A noted Americanauthority on leisure has said that The key to relaxation to busyexecutives is to avoid the types of activities that are part and parcelof their daily work and to devote themselves totally to have recreational (6) pursuits for at least a part of each day, e
23、ven it is only for half an (7) hour. Those jobs require a great deal of contact with others can (8) engage in activities that are quiet and peaceful-far from the (9) madding crowd, far from client and business associates. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英
24、语八级词汇-16答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Nonverbal communication is a process which communicators (1) use the natural features of their bodies to deliver informationand express specific meaning instinctive to the other communicator. (2) The study of nonverbal communication covers three major parts:Proxemic
25、s, Kinesics and Body Language, and Paralanguage. (3) Proxemics refers that people keep a certain space with each other (4) when they communicate and the meaning it suggests. For example,Arabians like to keep close while Englishmen like to keep acertain distance. It is fun to see they are in conversa
26、tion. (5) Arabians will come closer and closer but Englishmen willwithdraw further and further. When they finish the conversation,they are far from the place they stood. Kinesics is also called (6) body language, that studies the meanings of the movement of (7) all parts of body and it includes many
27、 nonverbal behavior such like (8) eye language, gestures, postures, facial expressions, touch andso on. Paralanguage refers to all kinds of sound signs made by (9) mouth, which can express certain emotions and ideas. Paralanguageis not the phrases and sentences with clear meanings. It is to transfor
28、minformation by sound, such as Ouch. Except this, the pitch of tone (10) and loudness or quietness of voice also belongs to paralanguage.And some researchers believe that clothing belongs to paralanguage, too.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：在which前加in）解析：解析 此处是一个定语从句，先行词是a process，此处要表达“在这个过程中，交流者”，故加上in。填空项1
29、:_（正确答案：instinctiveinstinctively）解析：解析 此处需要修饰动词词组deliver information and express specific meaning，故要用instinctive的副词形式instinctively，意为“本能地”。填空项1:_（正确答案：第一个andor）解析：解析 从后文可以得知Kinesics也就是Body Language，此处是同一件事物的不同说法，应该用or连接。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉certain前的a）解析：解析 space意为“空间”，为不可数名词，故去掉冠词a。填空项1:_（正确答案：funfunny）解析
30、：解析 本句中不定式短语to see they are in conversation作句子的真正主语，it作形式主语，形容词funny作表语，意为“有趣的”。填空项1:_（正确答案：在far后面加away）解析：解析 此处要表达“当他们结束对话的时候，他们已经离他们原来站的位置很远了”，“离远”用far away from.表示。填空项1:_（正确答案：thatwhich）解析：解析 本句为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Kinesics，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。填空项1:_（正确答案：likeas）解析：解析 such as为固定搭配，意为“例如”，没有such lik
31、e的用法，但有suchlike这个词，意为“诸如此类的事物；诸如此类的”。填空项1:_（正确答案：signssignals）解析：解析 sign意为“记号，符号”，signal意为“信号”，这里应该是sound signals，意为“声音信号”。填空项1:_（正确答案：ExceptBesides）解析：解析 besides和except都表示“除以外”的意思，但besides表示“除以外(还有)”，包含其后所说的内容，例如：Besides these honors he received a sum of money(除了荣誉以外，他还得了一笔钱。)；而except表示“除了”，不包括其后所说
32、的内容，例如：We all agreed except him(我们都同意，只有他不同意。)Language change inevitably leads to variation, and variationwithin a speech community often leads to social valuation ofparticular features as good or bad. Good variants are typicallybelieved to be characterized logical superiority or venerability, (1) o
33、r either; bad variants must then be illogical and/or recent inventions (2) by the vulgar.But neither logic nor great age play a significant role in the (3) labeling of variants. Consider aint, which may be the English wordmost is despised by schoolteachers and pundits. Far from being (4) logical or
34、recent, aint is a legitimate phonological descendant (5) of amnt, which was the original contraction of am not. Itisnt clear how aint fell in disrepute, but once there, it left an (6) awkward gap in the system of negative contractions: We haveYoure going, arent you? , Shes going, isnt she?, and so o
35、n,but sure no real person actually says Im going, am I not?. (7) Instead, people say Im going, arent I? , in the part because they (8) have been taught to avoid aint like the plague; and here logicshudders, because while You are going, She is going, etc., are fine,I are going is possible for native
36、speakers of English. The point (9) of this example is not to urge rehabilitation of aint-legislatinglanguage change is generally a losing proposition-but to illustrating (10) the linguistically arbitrary nature of social valuation of the resultsof language change.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：在characterized
37、后加by）解析：解析 此处要表达“好的变体通常被认为具有以下特点：或者有逻辑性，或者历史悠久”，be characterized by为固定搭配，意为“具有的特点”。填空项1:_（正确答案：eitherboth）解析：解析 此处要表达“好的变体通常被认为具有以下特点：或者有逻辑性，或者历史悠久，或者二者兼有”，either指的是“两者中选其一”，both指的是“两者都有”，故改为both。填空项1:_（正确答案：playplays）解析：解析 neither.nor_结构的谓语形式要使用就近原则，great age作主语，谓语动词要用单数，故将play改为plays。填空项1:_（正确答案：去
38、掉despised前的is）解析：解析 分析句子结构，本句是which引导的非限制性定语从句，despised by schoolteachers and pundits在定语从句中作后置定语修饰English word，English word与despise构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，去掉is。填空项1:_（正确答案：logicalillogical）解析：解析 根据上下文，此处要表达aint由am not变化而来，它既有逻辑又经历了很长时间，Far from being illogical or recent_应译为“不是没有逻辑，也不是最近才出现的”，双重否定表肯定，即为“既有逻
39、辑又经历了很长时间”。填空项1:_（正确答案：ininto）解析：解析 fall into disrepute为固定搭配，意为“声名狼藉，声誉扫地”，disrepute意为“不光彩，坏名声”。填空项1:_（正确答案：suresurely）解析：解析 sure作副词用时常用于口语中，意为“没问题；确实，的确，没错；不客气，应该的”；而surely作副词时常用于正式用语，意为：想必；无疑，必定”。此处应该用surely，意为“想必没有人会说Im going, am I not?”。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉part前的the）解析：解析 in part为固定搭配，意为“部分地，有些，有几分”，这
40、里in part because.意为“部分原因是”。填空项1:_（正确答案：possibleimpossible）解析：解析 根据上下文可知此处要表达“母语是英语的人不会说I are going”，故改为impossible。填空项1:_（正确答案：illustratingillustrate）解析：解析 在not to.but to.的结构中，to是不定式标志，后面要接动词原形，这里是不定式作表语。Although China has one of the most ancient lexicographicaltraditions, we know much about the etym
41、ology of the more recent (1) Chinese words. My goal in undertaking this study was thereforeto establish the entity and characteristic of lexical events (2) between 1840 and 1898, and show that Modern Chinese lexicon isnot simple the fruit of the linguistic experiments that took place (3) in context
42、of the literary movements of the early 20th century (4) but in fact developed thanks both to its traditional base and to thecontribution of lexical inventions of the 19th century. Withthe starting assumption that languages react external stimuli, I (5) drew particular attention to the impact on Chin
43、ese lexicon of (6) those works written by Chinese either by foreigners or by Chinese (7) in contact with foreigners, either in China or abroad. The impactof western language on Chinese lexicon could only be direct, (8) and take place via the formation of semantic loans andloan-translations, since Chinese has great difficulty absorb (9) phonemic loans. The impact of Japanese was far greater. Because (10) different in structural terms, to some extent Japanese an
