1、专业英语四级-30及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Short stories are due a revival. In recent years, there have been critically 1 collections by American writers such as Lydia Davis and Junot Daz. But few others manage to 2 the bestseller lists, and they are all too often 3 by novels. 4 the
2、ir heyday in the early 20th century, short stories are mostly viewed as trials or experiments before an author 5 with the real thing. John Burnside, a Scottish poet and novelist, 6 this fixed idea in his latest collection, Something Like Happy. Over 13 stories, Mr Burnside shows the versatility of t
3、he condensed 7 . His stories take place mostly in Scotland, in flats high up on the third floor of an apartment block in the middle of Dundee or in the back room of a hardware shop, 8 men drink sweet, milky coffee 9 waiting for the results of the races. His men carry knives or conduct extramarital 1
4、0 ; his women are often 11 housewives who drink, take up bell-ringing in their local church or fantasise about younger men 12 a way of filling in time. Happiness is the subject that 13 the collection together. In other hands, this could become sentimental. 14 Mr Burnside, with only a few 15 , never
5、allows that to happen. Instead, happiness 16 stays away from these figures; so much 17 they have almost ceased to 18 it. Rooted in the bleaker aspects of Scotlands landscapes, it is something that his 19 continually search for, in these concise and poetic talesyet 20 to find.（分数：30.00）A.reclaimedB.a
6、cclaimedC.proclaimedD.claimedA.acquireB.earnC.reachD.meetA.replacedB.overshadowedC.rejectedD.overlappedA.In addition toB.Similar toC.In place ofD.In contrast toA.cracks upB.cracks downC.cracks intoD.cracks onA.challengesB.favorsC.demonstratesD.suggestsA.wayB.shapeC.signD.formA.whichB.whenC.whereD.wh
7、atA.likeB.whileC.onceD.forA.affairsB.mattersC.eventsD.incidentsA.obedientB.aggressiveC.lonelyD.enthusiasticA.asB.aboutC.withD.byA.goesB.comesC.tiesD.getsA.In particularB.As a resultC.For exampleD.ButA.exclusionsB.substitutionsC.descriptionsD.exceptionsA.frequentlyB.rarelyC.incidentallyD.eventuallyA.
8、thatB.in case thatC.so thatD.so asA.seek forB.believe inC.give upD.concern aboutA.readersB.charactersC.storiesD.careersA.failB.declineC.striveD.manageAround two billion people have no access to modern energy, and a billion have it only 21 . The 22 stoves that many of them use, the World Health Organ
9、isation 23 , produce pollution that 24 around 2 million premature deaths a year. Makeshift cookers 25 catch fire easily. And lives are not the only things 26 . Women and girls in rural villages lose time and energy walking around 27 dirty solid fuels, ranging from crop waste to cow dung. The 28 of a
10、 stove that produces more heat, more cleanly and with less fuel is clear. 29 Kirk Smith, a stove specialist at the University of California at Berkeley, points out that most 30 to promote cleaner stoves have failed. Too much emphasis has 31 on technology and talking to people 32 , too little to 33 t
11、he women who actually do the cooking. When subsidies 34 , the schemes have faltered, with stoves left unused or broken. Why might it be different this time? Wouter Deelder of Dalberg, a development consultancy, says that stoves have improved in 35 from the materials used to the design of chimneys. E
12、ven so, the new stoves can cost $30 or more. Greater efficiency 36 they pay for themselves in a few months, but the price is still prohibitive for people living 37 a few dollars a week. 38 , technology that works well in the laboratory may fall in the field, 39 fuels, cooking practices and even the
13、shapes of vessels 40 widely.（分数：30.00）A.continuallyB.favorablyC.optionallyD.occasionallyA.modernB.cleanC.smokyD.brokenA.justifiesB.prescribesC.predictsD.reckonsA.causesB.putsC.makesD.condemnsA.alsoB.stillC.evenD.neverA.conqueredB.usedC.wastedD.givenA.congregatingB.collectingC.assemblingD.selectingA.
14、applicationB.appreciationC.appealD.approvalA.AndB.SoC.ButD.ThenA.effortsB.effectsC.achievementsD.consequencesA.putB.goneC.lostD.missedA.outside the ringB.of low-bornC.at the topD.of great needA.instructingB.requiringC.advisingD.consultingA.run throughB.run outC.run overD.run offA.everythingB.anythin
15、gC.nothingD.somethingA.requiresB.dictatesC.assumesD.meansA.forB.offC.inD.onA.ThoughB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.ThereforeA.whatB.howC.whereD.whenA.varyB.shiftC.alterD.transformEmpathythe ability to appreciate that a stranger struggling with a suitcase not only finds his situation 41 but also needs help whic
16、h, 42 you are not incapable yourself, you can and do 43 is key to Simon Baron-Cohens thesis in Zero Degrees of Empathy. He reckons that only those who can empathise with their fellow man and who 44 act in a considerate way can hope to be without malice. Cruelty 45 failing to empathise with others, 4
17、6 through being inconsiderate or through wilfully ignoring their pain. Some people lack empathy 47 , others switch it off when they are tired, stressed or 48 telling a child not to bother you because you are working, 49 and experience regret for their harsh words when their empathy 50 . Those whose
18、minds 51 consider their fellow traveller are not bad but 52 , Mr. Baron-Cohen argues. For some, there is a genetic 53 for why crucial parts of their brains seem disengaged while other people suffer. For others, activity in those brain areas has been subdued by some awful 54 in childhood. The author
19、champions his own parents for instilling in him 55 he calls an internal pot of golda measure of self-reliance and serf-confidence which he thinks is 56 for developing empathy. Children learn to consider the thoughts of other people 57 the minds of those who 58 them are safe places to enter. A child
20、whose mother wishes he 59 exist will not want to carefully consider the thought, and will fail to develop empathy 60 .（分数：40.00）A.embarrassingB.bewilderingC.rewardingD.challengingA.resumingB.assumingC.insuringD.assuringA.treatB.lackC.provideD.produceA.consequentlyB.habituallyC.sequentiallyD.alternat
21、ivelyA.lead toB.comes fromC.lie inD.results inA.eachB.bothC.neitherD.whetherA.permanentlyB.endlesslyC.temporarilyD.immediatelyA.unbearableB.indifferentC.tolerantD.impatientA.in other wordsB.by contrastC.for exampleD.in particularA.returnsB.relievesC.retainsD.rejectsA.onceB.neverC.alreadyD.everA.disa
22、dvantagedB.incapableC.incompetentD.disabledA.conceptB.explanationC.judgmentD.conclusionA.mistakesB.outlooksC.experiencesD.occasionsA.thatB.whatC.whichD./A.helpfulB.radicalC.initialD.vitalA.only whenB.soon afterC.even ifD.as ifA.care withB.care forC.care ofD.care aboutA.did notB.does notC.may notD.wi
23、ll notA.by all meansB.at all costsC.as a resultD.in case专业英语四级-30答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Short stories are due a revival. In recent years, there have been critically 1 collections by American writers such as Lydia Davis and Junot Daz. But few others manage to 2 the bestsell
24、er lists, and they are all too often 3 by novels. 4 their heyday in the early 20th century, short stories are mostly viewed as trials or experiments before an author 5 with the real thing. John Burnside, a Scottish poet and novelist, 6 this fixed idea in his latest collection, Something Like Happy.
25、Over 13 stories, Mr Burnside shows the versatility of the condensed 7 . His stories take place mostly in Scotland, in flats high up on the third floor of an apartment block in the middle of Dundee or in the back room of a hardware shop, 8 men drink sweet, milky coffee 9 waiting for the results of th
26、e races. His men carry knives or conduct extramarital 10 ; his women are often 11 housewives who drink, take up bell-ringing in their local church or fantasise about younger men 12 a way of filling in time. Happiness is the subject that 13 the collection together. In other hands, this could become s
27、entimental. 14 Mr Burnside, with only a few 15 , never allows that to happen. Instead, happiness 16 stays away from these figures; so much 17 they have almost ceased to 18 it. Rooted in the bleaker aspects of Scotlands landscapes, it is something that his 19 continually search for, in these concise
28、and poetic talesyet 20 to find.（分数：30.00）A.reclaimedB.acclaimedC.proclaimedD.claimed解析：解析 空格填入形容词，说明这些collections(短篇故事集)的特点，由下文的转折词But及manage to.bestseller lists(成为畅销书)，这里应指这些文集是成功的，故填上acclaimed，指“备受赞扬的”。reclaimed“被回收的”；proclaimed“被公开的”；claimed“宣称的”。A.acquireB.earnC.reachD.meet解析：解析 空格处填入动词与bestsell
29、er lists(畅销书单)构成动宾搭配，句中的主语few others指few other collections(很少其他故事集)，而书籍一般是“登上”畅销书的行列，故选reach“到达”合适。A、B为近义词，均指“得到”；meet与“畅销书单”不搭配。A.replacedB.overshadowedC.rejectedD.overlapped解析：解析 本句对比短篇小说(short stories)与长篇小说(novels)的普及程度。由文章首句的due a revival(理应复兴)及heyday in the early 20th century可知，短篇小说过去兴旺，现在已不及长篇
30、小说，故选overshadowed，指与长篇小说相比“相形见绌”。replaced干扰较强，但由上下文可知，短篇小说并未完全被取代，故排除。rejected“拒绝”；overlapped“重叠”。A.In addition toB.Similar toC.In place ofD.In contrast to解析：解析 前一分句说heyday(辉煌的日子)，后一分句说把短篇小说视为“试验”，两者情况相反，故应填上表对比的In contrast to。A.cracks upB.cracks downC.cracks intoD.cracks on解析：解析 本句意为“作家在_真正事物之前，把短篇
31、小说看做试验”，crack on指“努力继续干”符合文意。crack up“(体力、精神等)垮掉，吃不消”；crack down“严厉打击”；crack into“把分裂为”。A.challengesB.favorsC.demonstratesD.suggests解析：解析 空格下一句的shows versatility of.是对John Burnside的褒奖，结合前文说短篇小说的复兴，故推断这里说的是对前文提及的成见(写短篇小说只是个试验)的不认同，故选challenge“挑战”。A.wayB.shapeC.signD.form解析：解析 由于Mr Burnside写的是短篇小说，故填上
32、form，实际上condensed form指代短篇小说。A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what解析：解析 空格处填入引导词，连接前后分句，空格后的句子主谓宾成分齐全，而空格前的a hardware shop表示地点，因此应填入表“地点”的关系副词，故选where。A.likeB.whileC.onceD.for解析：解析 空格后为现在分词短语，故可首先排除连词once，该词后需接句子；而空格后的“等待赛马结果”与前面的“喝甜牛奶咖啡”不构成列举(like)或因果关系(for)，而应该是在等待赛果期间喝咖啡，故选while。A.affairsB.mattersC.eventsD.
33、incidents解析：解析 四个选项均有“事件、事情”之意，但文中指的“婚外情”属于私人的事务，应用affair，该词可指“暧昧关系，私通”。matter“事情，问题”；event“事件，大事；比赛项目”；incident“发生的事；事变”。A.obedientB.aggressiveC.lonelyD.enthusiastic解析：解析 空格后的定语从句中说到这些妇女靠上教堂敲钟和幻想年轻男性度日，故推断她们的生活较单调、寂寞，因此选lonely“寂寞的”。obedient“听话的”；aggressive“有野心的”；enthusiastic“热情的”。A.asB.aboutC.withD
34、.by解析：解析 考查as a way of.的固定用法，表示“以的方式”。A.goesB.comesC.tiesD.gets解析：解析 空格处填入动词作定语从句的谓语，表明主语the subject与宾语collection的关系，即“幸福这一主题_所有故事一起”，选项中只有tie“把联系在一起”代入空格，语义通顺。A.In particularB.As a resultC.For exampleD.But解析：解析 前一句指出幸福在其他人笔下可能是个煽情的(sentimental)主题，后一句提到Mr Burnside从来不允许这种情况发生，两者存在转折关系，故选But。A.exclusi
35、onsB.substitutionsC.descriptionsD.exceptions解析：解析 空格所在短语为插入语，对never allows that to happen(从来不允许这种情况发生)作补充说明，填入exceptions“例外”，符合文意。exclusion“排除”；substitution“替补”；description“描述”。A.frequentlyB.rarelyC.incidentallyD.eventually解析：解析 前文提到Mr Burnside不会把幸福写得很煽情，下文则用含否定意味的ceased to(停止)，故推断他笔下的人物通常不会拥有幸福，故选f
36、requently“经常地”。A.thatB.in case thatC.so thatD.so as解析：解析 空格后的“他们停下来”是前面“幸福远离这些故事人物”的结果，故应填上引导结果状语从句的so that，so much so that表示“达到这种程度以致”。A.seek forB.believe inC.give upD.concern about解析：解析 空格后的it指代happiness，由于故事人物与幸福无缘，故致使他们不再“相信”幸福，故选believe in。A项seek for为强干扰项，但下文的continually search for提示，故事的人物并没有放弃
37、追寻幸福，故排除。A.readersB.charactersC.storiesD.careers解析：解析 本句的主语it同样指happiness，his指代故事作者Mr Burnside，本句讲述故事的内容，故应该是故事的人物，即characters，与上文的figures对应。A.failB.declineC.striveD.manage解析：解析 空格前的yet表转折，表明空格内容与前面的continually search for“不断寻找”语义相反，故表正面意义的C、D两项可先排除；decline指“拒绝”接受，与前文的“不断寻找”相矛盾，填入fail指“不能找到”，与上文呼应。Ar
38、ound two billion people have no access to modern energy, and a billion have it only 21 . The 22 stoves that many of them use, the World Health Organisation 23 , produce pollution that 24 around 2 million premature deaths a year. Makeshift cookers 25 catch fire easily. And lives are not the only thin
39、gs 26 . Women and girls in rural villages lose time and energy walking around 27 dirty solid fuels, ranging from crop waste to cow dung. The 28 of a stove that produces more heat, more cleanly and with less fuel is clear. 29 Kirk Smith, a stove specialist at the University of California at Berkeley,
40、 points out that most 30 to promote cleaner stoves have failed. Too much emphasis has 31 on technology and talking to people 32 , too little to 33 the women who actually do the cooking. When subsidies 34 , the schemes have faltered, with stoves left unused or broken. Why might it be different this t
41、ime? Wouter Deelder of Dalberg, a development consultancy, says that stoves have improved in 35 from the materials used to the design of chimneys. Even so, the new stoves can cost $30 or more. Greater efficiency 36 they pay for themselves in a few months, but the price is still prohibitive for peopl
42、e living 37 a few dollars a week. 38 , technology that works well in the laboratory may fall in the field, 39 fuels, cooking practices and even the shapes of vessels 40 widely.（分数：30.00）A.continuallyB.favorablyC.optionallyD.occasionally解析：解析 由空格前的only“仅仅”一词可知，空格处含有“频率”的意味，四个选项中只有occasionally“偶尔”与onl
43、y搭配句意通顺。continually“持续不断”；favorably“赞同地”；optionally“可选择地”。A.modernB.cleanC.smokyD.broken解析：解析 由下文的produce pollution“产生污染”可知，此处要突出炉灶造成污染的特点，选项中只有smoky“多娴的”能表现这特点，故为答案。A.justifiesB.prescribesC.predictsD.reckons解析：解析 本句可理解为the World Health Organisation _ the.stoves produce pollution that.，句中包含具体数字，故填入r
44、eckon“估计”。justify“证明正当”；文中并未提出解决办法，故不能用prescribe“下处方”；空格后谓语动词为produce，没有用将来时，故排除predict。A.causesB.putsC.makesD.condemns解析：解析 空格填入动词，与宾语deaths构成动宾搭配，“造成死亡”常用cause deaths。put和condemn也可与death构成搭配，但常用put/condemn sb. to death，指“将某人处死”。A.alsoB.stillC.evenD.never解析：解析 本句讲述临时的炉灶易着火，与上一句一样，也是讲述缺点，故选表示并列关系的al
45、so。A.conqueredB.usedC.wastedD.given解析：解析 空格处填入过去分词，作后置定语修饰things，即“生命不是唯一的_东西”。上文提到临时炉灶多烟、容易着火，这些都造成人员伤亡，因此wasted“被浪费的”符合句意。A.congregatingB.collectingC.assemblingD.selecting解析：解析 空格处填入动词现在分词与dirty solid fuels“肮脏的固体燃料”构成动宾搭配。根据语义，可首先排除selecting“选择”；而congregate及assemble均常指人群的聚集或集合；collect指收集分散的东西，与“固体燃料”搭配最合适。A.applicationB.appreciationC.appealD.approval解析：解析 上文提到一些临时炉灶的缺点，下文提到的炉灶能产生更多热量、更洁净、耗燃料更少，应对大众有明显的“吸引力”，appeal“吸引力”符合文意。application“申请”；appreciation“感激；欣赏
