1、大学英语四级阅读-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BReading Compreh(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage t
2、hrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Right now, countless engineers, doct
3、ors and innovators are passionately working to develop the medical technologies that one day will improve all our lives. The medical device ecosystem is a broad community of innovators. In fact, 80% of medical device companies have fewer than 50 U U 1 /U /U, and 98% have fewer than 500. These are th
4、e very innovators our communities and our elected officials need to U U 2 /U /Ueconomic growth and job creation. The medical device tax has already led to the loss of thousands of good jobs. Some innovators have moved jobs U U 3 /U /Uto address this tax. Others have frozen new hiring. This is why ev
5、en in what many consider a broken Congress, there is U U 4 /U /Ubipartisan (两党的) support for repeal (废止). Every day, I see firsthand the difficult U U 5 /U /Uinnovators must make as a result of this ill-conceived tax. Perhaps worst of all, the medical device tax is helping cause a steep drop of U U
6、6 /U /Uin promising therapies. When I practiced as a heart surgeon, I was only as good as the tools I had to help my patients. The medical device tax has led to devastating cuts to R between 1949 and 1958 alone, the medical workforce in England increased by 30%, and by 50% in Scotland. By 1960, betw
7、een 30% and 40% of all NHS junior doctors were from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and the following year Lord Cohen of Birkenhead told the House of Lords that, without them, the health service would have collapsed.J. Today, the ever-growing elderly population, combined with even more ra
8、pidly expanding technologies, continues to create additional need. Given that it takes five years to train a doctor in the UK, cutting overseas doctors from the equation is simply not an option. “The history of foreign-trained doctors and UK health services suggests that it would be most effective f
9、or policy to focus on providing better support for these doctors, given that the UK has been dependent on their skills for decades,“ says Snow.Is it so bad that we dont rely on homegrown doctors?K. To Farages mind, its a disgrace; to others, the contribution of those whove come from overseas and pro
10、p up our systemoften working in less popular specialisms such as general practice, psychiatry (精神病学) and geriatrics (老年病学)deserves a little more respect. “In Stoke-on-Trent, where Im from, 58% of GPs qualified outside the EU,“ says Kanneganti. They are popular with patients too: in 2005, a study fou
11、nd that British patients favourite doctors were young, female and Asian.L. It costs 150,000 to 200,000 to train a GP in Britain, and even then theres no guarantee they wont emigrate to a country like Canada or Australia, Kanneganti points out. Overseas doctors arrive ready-trained, and keen to stay.
12、 “Farage should stop talking politics and realise the immense contribution of immigrant doctors,“ he says.（分数：10.00）(1).The GMC is entitled to verify European-trained doctors language skills.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).It is said that the UK health service cannot function smoothly without overseas-trained d
13、octors.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Nigel Farage has no support for his position as regards foreign doctors accent.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Overseas-trained doctors account for about two-thirds of those who are prevented from holding such a job.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Overseas-trained doctors can greatly reduce the c
14、ost of training doctors inBritain.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).India is the largest overseas supplier of doctors to the UK.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Overseas-trained doctors often specialize in less popular branches of medical science in their work.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Dr. Chandra Kanneganti holds that some people
15、have a bias against overseas-trained doctors.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).If doctors outside Europe want to work in the UK, they have to pass IELTS test.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).According to the research, overseas-trained doctors cannot perform as well as British-trained doctors.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_County Officials
16、Should Move Child-protection Reform ForwardA. Mobilizing and coordinating Los Angeles Countys resources to protect children from abuse and neglect shouldnt be so hard. But nine months have passed since the Blue Ribbon Commission on Child Protection filed its final report, and more than six since a f
17、ollow-up team set about implementing recommendations and county officials began searching for someone to lead a new office to rethink and reorder services for endangered children. Its time for the Board of Supervisors to get the process moving again.B. The best place to start may be to recall with g
18、rief and sorrow the May 2013 beating death of Gabriel Fernandez, the 8-year-old boy who, according to documents filed in court in the ongoing capital murder cases against his abusers, had suffered months of unconscionable abusebeatings with bats, clubs and belts, BB gun shots to the body, confinemen
19、t in a locked cabinet.C. When the childs death made the news, it was met with public outrage at Gabriels mother, Pearl Fernandez, and her boyfriend, Isauro Aguirre, but also at the countys Department of Children and Family Services. Social workers had been notified by teachers and others about evide
20、nce of abuse, and they had visited the home and examined Gabriel, but they repeatedly opted to leave him in his mothers care. How could they have made so many wrong decisions?D. Not every death can be prevented. In a county the size of Los Angeles, with 10 million people living across more than 4,00
21、0 square miles, there will be some measure of child abuse and neglect, and some of it will certainly be fatal despite the best efforts of social workers and government officials. But with laws on reporting child abuse on the books and with a workforce of trained child social workers and emergency re
22、sponders on duty, and with signs of abuse and neglect being missed or ignored, its hard to believe that authorities here cant do better.E. Some of the superior commissions findings and recommendations were straightforward. Abuse and neglect, for example, can be predicted with a remarkable degree of
23、accuracy based on problems noted even before the childs birth, including substance abuse (滥用管制品) and mental illness among the parents. So risk might be identified and mistreatment prevented by earlier intervention. Other services could be brought to bear by better protocols (协议) for coordination amo
24、ng DCFS, law enforcement, the schools and numerous county departments. The puzzle pieces were all on the table, but not put together.F. Some findings were more oblique (隐晦的). The countys poor job of coordinating departments and services may be a direct result of its form of governmentfive independen
25、t supervisors moving five ways and giving five different messages and sets of instructions to department directors. Those mixed signals, in turn, can create an atmosphere of uncertainty and of fear of retaliation and punishment among social workers trying to keep up with the latest policy directive.
26、 Too often the effect is to discourage them from acting in response to signs of abuse and neglect. Bureaucracy(官僚机构) can stifle (抑制) courage.G. But bureaucracy can be tamed. Not long after the commission submitted its report, Dist. Atty. Jackie Lacey took upon herself the responsibility in another a
27、rena. She launched an effort to determine how to divert mentally ill people accused of petty crimes from jail so that they could receive proper treatment and avoid the cycle of recidivism (再犯). County departments jumped on board with enthusiasm, as did the supervisors, who appeared relieved that som
28、eonein this case a single elected official with executive power, not one of five board membershad stepped up to take charge.H. Historically, there has been no such person to take charge of child protection. In considering applicants to lead the new office to coordinate services, the supervisors bega
29、n referring to the child welfare “czar (沙皇)“perhaps in the hope that such a person may be able to transcend the organization chart.I. The so-called czar would have power to move money and personnel among county departments to advance the interests of child protection. But unlike the independently el
30、ected Lacey, he or she will report to the Board of Supervisors, as did the chief executive (that position also is currently vacant), and be subject to all the boards vicissitudes (变迁). If the CEO cant move around money and personnel to protect children from mistreatment, could the czar do any better
31、?J. In response to a social worker strike, rather than the superior commission report or the urging of the CEO, the board last year allocated (拨付) funding for additional social workers, which should translate into more manageable caseloads (工作量). DCFS adopted a stronger training program. These are p
32、ositive steps. But the county also needs someone to focus the attention of numerous government agencies on child protection without running into conflict with the board.K. In the end, if the supervisors are to protect children from abuse and neglect, they must also grapple with the issue of how to s
33、uccessfully run a bureaucracy.L. Attempts at plea bargains with Gabriel Fernandezs mother and her boyfriend have so far failed, and the two defendants could very well go to trial this year. The supervisors would be wise to remember the young victims plight (困境) now, and ensure that the reform effort
34、s are well underway when the news stories once again focus on the horrors that the young boy endured and the countys failure to protect him.（分数：10.00）(1).Social workers intervened in the abuse of Gabriel Fernandez but made many wrong decisions.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Five independent supervisors with di
35、fferent instructions in Los Angeles County create many problems.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).In theory, it is not too difficult to protect children from abuse and neglect.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Bureaucracyprevents social workers from taking effective measures.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Earlier intervention can prevent
36、 child abuse and neglect.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The public was extremely angry and shocked at the news report of Gabriel Fernandezs death.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Social workers and government officials cannot eliminate child abuse but they can do better in Los Angeles County.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).It is the f
37、irst time to elect an official in charge of protecting children.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).Gabriel Fernandezs mother and her boyfriend could be on trial this year.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).Gabriel Fernandez was abused for several months according to the record.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Section C Directions(总题数：0，分数：0.0
38、0)五、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Californias high cost of living has pushed hundreds of thousands of low-and middle-income workers to other states, federal data show. The trend points to a challenge for the states economy: how to attract workers of moderate means to some of the nations most expensive
39、housing markets. The state overall has been losing people to other parts of the country since the 1990s. A snapshot of more recent U.S. Census migration numbers shows that nearly three-quarters of those who have left California for other states since 2007 earn less than $50,000 a year. For those mak
40、ing $40,000 to $49,999, for instance, the net loss of population is 15,403 residents since 2007. The loss is 22,754 residents in the $30,000 to $39,999 range, then more than doubles to 46,318 residents in the $20,000 to $29,999 range.Experts point to the states increasingly unaffordable real estate
41、markets as a major driver of the trends. More than half of the nations 50 most expensive residential real estate markets are inCalifornia, according to Coldwell Bankers Home Listing Report, including nine of the top 10. According to data from the Census Current Population Survey, those moving out of
42、 the state over the last 15 years listed housing as one of the most common factors, behind only family and job concerns. Those moving to California tend to have higher incomes. About 35% of working-age people moving in make more than $50,000 annually, compared with 27% of those moving out. The diffe
43、rence gets progressively noticeable at the lower end of the income scale.The biggest recipients of the states out-migration have been Texas and other western states such as Arizona, Nevada, Washington and Oregon. “For a while now, the new frontier has not been Go west, young man,“ Frey said. “Its Go
44、 east, if youre in California.“ But the influx(大量涌入) of higher-income, college-educated migrants from other states to California has been on the upswing(上升) since the recession, according to Census data.That shift has pros and cons. Attracting skilled workers with greater spending power means a boos
45、t for tax revenue and helps to retain innovative companies seeking a talented workforce. But it puts pressure on those in the middleworkers who have certificates or associates degrees that fill crucial positions in industries such as healthcare.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements can be
46、inferred from the first paragraph? A. The less the workers earn, the more likely it would be for them to move out. B. The workers cannot afford the housing or rents in California. C. Those with high incomes would move to California. D. Those with low incomes would move out of California.（分数：2.00）A.B
47、.C.D.(2).What is the main reason for those to move out of California according to the passage? A. Housing. B. Family. C. Employment. D. Love.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the William Frey mean by saying “Its Go east, if youre in California.“ (Line 3, Para. 3)? A. Its asensible choice to move from C
48、alifornia to the eastern states. B. Eastern states are ideal places where people can work hardfor success. C. Eastern states are the current new frontier with abundant working opportunities. D. If youre in California, you are expected to move to its eastern portion.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Who may benefit from the workforce change in California? A. Talented workforce moving f
