1、大学英语四级综合-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)What are the marks of an educated man?The first of these is correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue. When one hears English well spoken, with pure diction, correct pronunciation, and an almost unconscious
2、choice of the right word, he recognizes it at once. How much easier he finds it to imitate English of the other sort!A second and indispensable trait of the educated man is refined and gentle manners, which are themselves the expression of fixed habits of thought and action. When manners are superfi
3、cial, artificial, and forced, no matter what their form, they are bad manners. When, however, they are the natural expression of fixed habits of thought and action, and when they reveal a refined and cultivated nature, they are good manners. There are certain things that gentlemen do not do, and the
4、y do not do them simply because they are bad manners. The gentleman instinctively knows the difference between those things which he may and should do and those things which he may not and should not do.A third trait of the educated man is the power and habit of reflection. Human beings for the most
5、 part live wholly on the surface or far beyond the present moment and that part of the future which is quickly to follow it. They do not read those works of prose and poetry which have become classic because they reveal power and habit of reflection and induce that power and habit in others. When on
6、e reflects long enough to ask the question how, he is on the way to knowing something about science. When he reflects long enough to ask the question why, he may, if he persists, even become a philosopher.A fourth trait of the educated man is the power of growth. He continues to grow and develop fro
7、m birth to his dying day. His interests expand, his contacts multiply, his knowledge increases, and his reflection becomes deeper and wider. It would appear to be true that not many human beings, even those who have had a school and college education, continue to grow after they are twenty-four or t
8、wenty-five years of age. By that time it is usual to settle down to life on a level of more or less contented intellectual interest and activity. The whole present-day movement for adult education is a systematic and definite attempt to keep human beings growing long after they have left school and
9、college, and, therefore, to help educate them.A fifth trait of the educated man is his possession of efficiency, or the power to do. The mere visionary dreamer, however charming or however wise, lacks something which an education requires. The power to do may be exercised in any one of a thousand wa
10、ys, but when it clearly shows itself, that is evidence that the period of discipline of study and of companionship with parents and teachers has not been in vain.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the first mark of an educated man?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to the author, the good manners are_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:
11、_(3).A man would become a philosopher when_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(4).What is the aim of present-day adult education?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(5).What is the main topic of the passage?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：60.00)By now you know that (1) your moneys worth is not just a matter of luck. It is more often th
12、e (2) of buying skill. (3) , even the smartest consumers are sometimes fooled into thinking they are getting their moneys worth (4) they are not. At one time or another, almost everyone experiences deception (欺骗, 诡计) in the marketplace. The deception may not be (5) . But, intentional or not, any kin
13、d of deception (6) consumers pocket- books. Some kinds endanger their health and safety as well. Obviously, consumers need protection (7) the marketing of unsafe goods and false or misleading advertising. Fortunately, there are both public and (8) agencies working to meet the need.Governments job in
14、 free enterprise system is to protect the public interest. The public is (9) entirely of consumers. When it (10) to protecting consumers, therefore, government has the (11) influ- ence. Because most consumer products are sold (12) , the major responsibility for consumer protection is (13) by the fed
15、eral government. That responsibility, however, is (14) by many agencies. For example, the US Postal Service works to uncover and stop dishonest (15) operated by mail. The National Highway Safety Bureau is (16) with all aspects of auto- mobile safety. Certain federal agencies, however, have consumer
16、protection as one of their chief purposes. Four of these are described below.Most federal agencies are known (17) their initials. FDA stands (18) the Food and Drug Administration, which probably does more to protect consumers than any other agency. Its major concern is the safety, purity, and labeli
17、ng of (19) , drugs, and cosmetics. These are the products (20) which consumers spend an estimated 38% of their incomes.（分数：60.00）A.lettingB.makingC.gettingD.becomingA.consequenceB.methodC.reasonD.resultA.ThereforeB.NeverthelessC.FurthermoreD.BesidesA.asB.whenC.sinceD.evenA.intentionalB.deadlyC.dange
18、rousD.harmfulA.hurtsB.ruinsC.spoilsD.injuresA.forB.inC.againstD.towardsA.personalB.privateC.secretD.stateA.composedB.madeC.consistedD.constitutedA.arrivesB.getsC.comesD.goesA.basicB.apparentC.leastD.mostA.nationallyB.locallyC.internationallyD.extensivelyA.assuredB.assumedC.ensuredD.insuredA.caughtB.
19、sharedC.dividedD.separatedA.hintsB.warningsC.cautionsD.schemesA.relatedB.concernedC.chargedD.decidedA.byB.toC.asD.forA.inB.onC.forD.withA.foodsB.grainsC.meatsD.fruitsA.onB.inC.byD.with三、Translation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1. 1(鉴于所发生的情况), we decided to change the rules.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_2. 1(和原来的计划相比), this one
20、 is much more complete.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_3.The longer the period is, 1(利率越高).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_4. 1(因为手头非常缺钱), he decided to apply for the job.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_5. 1(如漫画所示), even a hen has learned how to promise.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-30 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Wh
21、at are the marks of an educated man?The first of these is correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue. When one hears English well spoken, with pure diction, correct pronunciation, and an almost unconscious choice of the right word, he recognizes it at once. How much easier he finds it
22、 to imitate English of the other sort!A second and indispensable trait of the educated man is refined and gentle manners, which are themselves the expression of fixed habits of thought and action. When manners are superficial, artificial, and forced, no matter what their form, they are bad manners.
23、When, however, they are the natural expression of fixed habits of thought and action, and when they reveal a refined and cultivated nature, they are good manners. There are certain things that gentlemen do not do, and they do not do them simply because they are bad manners. The gentleman instinctive
24、ly knows the difference between those things which he may and should do and those things which he may not and should not do.A third trait of the educated man is the power and habit of reflection. Human beings for the most part live wholly on the surface or far beyond the present moment and that part
25、 of the future which is quickly to follow it. They do not read those works of prose and poetry which have become classic because they reveal power and habit of reflection and induce that power and habit in others. When one reflects long enough to ask the question how, he is on the way to knowing som
26、ething about science. When he reflects long enough to ask the question why, he may, if he persists, even become a philosopher.A fourth trait of the educated man is the power of growth. He continues to grow and develop from birth to his dying day. His interests expand, his contacts multiply, his know
27、ledge increases, and his reflection becomes deeper and wider. It would appear to be true that not many human beings, even those who have had a school and college education, continue to grow after they are twenty-four or twenty-five years of age. By that time it is usual to settle down to life on a l
28、evel of more or less contented intellectual interest and activity. The whole present-day movement for adult education is a systematic and definite attempt to keep human beings growing long after they have left school and college, and, therefore, to help educate them.A fifth trait of the educated man
29、 is his possession of efficiency, or the power to do. The mere visionary dreamer, however charming or however wise, lacks something which an education requires. The power to do may be exercised in any one of a thousand ways, but when it clearly shows itself, that is evidence that the period of disci
30、pline of study and of companionship with parents and teachers has not been in vain.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the first mark of an educated man?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue）解析：解析 细节题。第二段提到 The first of these is correctness and precision in the use of th
31、e mother tongue，句中的 these就是指前面提到的 the marks of an educated man，由此可知，有教养的人的第一个特点是准确使用母语。(2).According to the author, the good manners are_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：manners that reveal a refined and cultivated nature）解析：解析 细节题。根据第三段 when they reveal a refined and cultivated nature，they are good manners可
32、知，作者认为好的礼貌应该出自自然的思想和行为习惯，并且显示了优雅的本性。(3).A man would become a philosopher when_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：he persists asking the question why）解析：解析 细节题。根据第四段最后一句话可知，如果一个人持续地问“为什么”，就很可能成为哲学家。(4).What is the aim of present-day adult education?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：To keep people growing after they left s
33、chool or college）解析：解析 细节题。根据第五段最后一句话可知，当今成人教育的目的是帮助人们在离开学校后继续成长。(5).What is the main topic of the passage?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Marks of an educated man）解析：解析 主旨题。文章首先提问有教养的人有哪些特点，然后分别从五个方面进行阐述。由此可知，文章是围绕有教养的人的特点展开的。二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：60.00)By now you know that (1) your moneys worth is not just a ma
34、tter of luck. It is more often the (2) of buying skill. (3) , even the smartest consumers are sometimes fooled into thinking they are getting their moneys worth (4) they are not. At one time or another, almost everyone experiences deception (欺骗, 诡计) in the marketplace. The deception may not be (5) .
35、 But, intentional or not, any kind of deception (6) consumers pocket- books. Some kinds endanger their health and safety as well. Obviously, consumers need protection (7) the marketing of unsafe goods and false or misleading advertising. Fortunately, there are both public and (8) agencies working to
36、 meet the need.Governments job in free enterprise system is to protect the public interest. The public is (9) entirely of consumers. When it (10) to protecting consumers, therefore, government has the (11) influ- ence. Because most consumer products are sold (12) , the major responsibility for consu
37、mer protection is (13) by the federal government. That responsibility, however, is (14) by many agencies. For example, the US Postal Service works to uncover and stop dishonest (15) operated by mail. The National Highway Safety Bureau is (16) with all aspects of auto- mobile safety. Certain federal
38、agencies, however, have consumer protection as one of their chief purposes. Four of these are described below.Most federal agencies are known (17) their initials. FDA stands (18) the Food and Drug Administration, which probably does more to protect consumers than any other agency. Its major concern
39、is the safety, purity, and labeling of (19) , drugs, and cosmetics. These are the products (20) which consumers spend an estimated 38% of their incomes.（分数：60.00）A.lettingB.makingC.getting D.becoming解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。下文中出现了相似的短语 getting their moneys worth，结合句意可知，短语意为“买到物有所值的商品”，所以 C正确。A.consequenceB.metho
40、dC.reasonD.result 解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。此处 It指代上文的 get your moneys worth，它与 buying skill之间是因果关系，即购买技巧决定所购买的东西是否物有所值，故排除 B、C 项，从以下考点归纳中consequence和 result的区别可知，D 正确。含“结果”之意的单词辨析：result 意为“结果，效果”，含义比其他词广泛，包括直接、间接、近因或远因所引起的结果。effect 意为“结果，效果，功效”，一般指比较直接的效果。consequence 意为“结果，后果”，通常指随着一系列事件而产生的必然后果，它和原因的关系较远，一般强调推
41、理的结果，现用于指抽象或精神方面的事物或状况，通常用复数。A.ThereforeB.Nevertheless C.FurthermoreD.Besides解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。结合上下文可知，空格前后句间应为转折关系，选项中表示转折关系的连词只有 B(然而)；therefore 意为“因此，所以”，表因果关系；furthermore 意为“此外，而且”，beside意为“此外”，都表递进关系。A.asB.when C.sinceD.even解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。结合上下文关系可排除 since(自从)和 even(甚至)。as 强调两个动作同时进行，意为“一边，一边”，且 as还可以表示原
42、因；而 when只表示时间，意为“当时”，故选 B。A.intentional B.deadlyC.dangerousD.harmful解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。空格后面 But，intentional or not是对上文的承接，所以两句话应为相似的内容，故选 A(故意的)；deadly 意为“致命的”，dangerous 意为“危险的”，harmful 意为“有害的”，均排除。A.hurts B.ruinsC.spoilsD.injures解析：解析 词义辨析题。hurt 意为“危害，损害”，可用于物质上、身体上或精神上的危害；min 意为“毁坏”，强调彻底破坏，后果一般极其严重；spoil
43、 意为“损坏，糟蹋”，强调对质量、效果的不良影响；injure 意为“损害，伤害”，常指对身体所造成的伤害，结合句意可知，A 正确。A.forB.inC.against D.towards解析：解析 惯用搭配题。against 意为“反对”，符合句意，故选 C。A.personalB.private C.secretD.state解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。结合上文的 public可知，空格处应填入与之相对的词，所以 B(私人的，私有的)正确。personal 意为“私人的，个人的，亲自的”，secret 意为“秘密的”，state 意为“国有的”，均排除。含“私人”之意的单词辨析：private
44、 强调的是“归私人所有的”，经常译成中文“私人的”，和 public相对，例如：a private letcer(私人信件)，for private reasons(出于私人原因)。personal 虽然在某些方面与 private的含义及用法相同，也可以说 personal affairs(私事)，但是personal主要强调的是“个人的，个人用的”，例如：personal computer(个人电脑)。A.composed B.madeC.consistedD.constituted解析：解析 惯用搭配题。be compose of 意为“由组成”；make 意为“由组成，构成”时的惯用搭
45、配为：be made up of；consist 为不及物动词，没有被动语态；constitute 意为“组成，构成”，为及物动词，可直接接宾语。结合句意可知，A 正确。A.arrivesB.getsC.comes D.goes解析：解析 惯用搭配题。when it comes to为固定句型，意为“当谈及时”，后接名词或动名词，所以 C正确。A.basicB.apparentC.leastD.most 解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。本题易首先排除 A、C。结合句意“在保护顾客权益时，政府的影响是_”，且下文进一步说明了政府的重要性政府要承担保护消费者权益的责任，所以 D正确。若选B(明显的)，下文
46、应提到除政府外其他发挥不明显影响的机构。但文章没有体现，故排除。A.nationally B.locallyC.internationallyD.extensively解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。由上下文关系可知，A(全国性)正确，因为产品在全国范围内销售，政府才可能在保护顾客权益上发挥相当大的作用。locally 意为“本地地”，如果产品在本地销售，当地政府会发挥更大作用；internationally 意为“国际性地”，因为涉及其他国家，所以政府发挥的作用不如国内大；extensively“广阔地”，不如 A表达具体。A.assuredB.assumed C.ensuredD.insured解
47、析：解析 词义辨析题。assure 意为“使放心”，必须用于 assure sbof/that 结构中；assume意为“假设，承担”，assume ones duies 意为“承担义务”；ensure 意为“保证”，为及物动词；insure意为“给保险”。本句动词的主语是 responsilbility，所以 B正确，意为“承担责任”。A.caughtB.shared C.dividedD.separated解析：解析 词义辨析题。catch 意为“抓住”；share 意为“共享，分担”；divide 意为“划分，分开”；separate 意为“分开，隔离”，能与 responsibilit
48、y相搭配的只有 share，故选 B。含“分开”之意的单词辨析：separate 意为“分开，分离，隔离”，指把原来结合在一起的或混杂在一起的东西分开，往往含有强行分割的意味。也可用于由于某种自然障碍而造成的阻隔。例如：The Atlantic Ocean separates America from Europe大西洋分隔了美洲与欧洲。divide 意为“划分，分开”，着重于把一件东西按照一定大小比例加以划分，指因外力或自身原因，整体分为若干部分。A.hintsB.warningsC.cautionsD.schemes 解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。空格前的谓语为“揭发和阻止(uncover and stop)”，选项中 hint意为“暗示”，warning 意为“警告”，caution 意为“谨慎”，scheme 意为“计划，阴谋”，所以 D正确。A.relatedB.concerned C.chargedD.decided解析：解析 惯用搭配题。be concerned with 意为“关心，参与”，其他三项惯用搭配为：be related to(与有关)，be charged with(指控某人)，decide to do sth
