1、专业英语四级-80及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this 1 , we go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, live in the 2 or go to the seaside. It is my profound belief that not only 3 we all need nature, but we all seek nature, 4
2、 we know we are doing so or not. But despite this, our children are growing up 5 . I spent my boyhood 6 trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed 7 these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic and the loss of the open 8 . A study in Sweden indicated that
3、 kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less 9 and greater physical ability than children used only 10 a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children 11 to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another st
4、udy found that children play 12 in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) 13 on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the 14 . But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much 15 into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now on 16
5、and creativity. But children are frequently discouraged 17 involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for 18 that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is 19 to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their 20 .（分数：40.00）A.reas
6、onB.advantageC.endD.purposeA.woodsB.suburbsC.slumsD.downtownA.doB.asC.areD.becauseA.thoughB.whetherC.ifD.unlessA.nature-longingB.nature-lovingC.nature-grantedD.nature-deprivedA.climbB.to climbC.climbingD.climbedA.atB.onC.withD.ofA.spacesB.parksC.playgroundsD.greensA.troubleB.illnessC.disabilityD.wea
7、knessA.ofB.inC.atD.toA.approachB.progressC.chanceD.accessA.happilyB.differentlyC.instinctivelyD.naturallyA.reliedB.dependentC.basedD.formedA.leadB.headC.advanceD.priorityA.moreB.lessC.quickerD.easierA.backgroundB.capacityC.techniqueD.imaginationA.ofB.atC.fromD.withA.dreadB.fearC.frightD.terrorA.done
8、B.madeC.createdD.causedA.heartsB.nervesC.soulsD.strengthsOur lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own 21 , I no longer imagine I can get through a single day completely 22 my own. Even if I am on 23 in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else
9、has built, using electricity someone else is 24 to my house. Evidence of 25 is everywhere. As I was growing up, I remember 26 carefully taught that independence not interdependence was 27 . When I was face-to-face with 28 of some action, my mothers favorite remark was 29 youve made your bed, lie on
10、it. Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture. I imagine 30 my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities 31 my actions and my choices. And I grew up 32 that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very 33 to ask for help. I would do almost anyt
11、hing not to be a 34 , and not require any help from anybody. When I became ill my illusions of total independence 35 in an instant. All of a 36 I had to face the fact that I could do nothing, not even sit up, 37 someone elses intervention. I began to realize that not asking for help is, in fact, 38
12、. I love to help people. If I dont let them help me back, I am not allowing them the 39 satisfaction I enjoy. Learning this lesson has allowed me once and for all to see that my life really is a part of a larger 40 .（分数：30.00）A.companyB.companionC.fellowshipD.friendshipA.byB.ofC.onD.withA.holidayB.v
13、acationC.festivalD.restA.transmittingB.allocatingC.distributingD.circulatingA.relationshipB.companionshipC.independenceD.interdependenceA.beB.to beC.beingD.to have beenA.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothingA.seriousnessB.consequencesC.prominenceD.significanceA.now thatB.in caseC.on condition tha
14、tD.for fear thatA.whichB.asC.thatD.whatA.ofB.withC.inD.forA.believingB.suspectingC.forgettingD.rememberingA.eagerB.dependentC.reluctantD.opposedA.loadB.blockC.embarrassmentD.burdenA.reinforcedB.vanishedC.abandonedD.reversedA.whileB.timeC.suddenD.changeA.withB.withoutC.instead ofD.in place ofA.weakB.
15、shamefulC.humbleD.selfishA.sameB.suchC.muchD.pastA.lifeB.worldC.existenceD.wholeWhen we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new onesthe kind of high-tech, solar-paneled (装有太阳能板的) masterpieces that 41 the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing home
16、s, and it would be 42 wasteful to tear them all 43 and replace them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the 44 of those dwellings. And it would 45 65 years for the reduced carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up 46 the resources lost by de
17、stroying an old one. So in the broadest 47 , the greenest home is the one that has already been 48 . But at the same time, nearly half of U.S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and 49 our homes, offices and other buildings. You cant deal with climate change 50 dealing with existing buildin
18、gs, says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust. With some 51 , the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than 52 built after 2000, mainly 53 the tiny cracks and gaps that expand 54 time and let in more outsid
19、e air. 55 , there are a tremendous number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, 56 historic ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar house. And efficiency 57 can save more than just the earth; they can help 58 house owners from rising power costs. 59 , a nationwide effort to
20、 improve existing buildings could 60 hundreds of thousands of green jobs.（分数：30.00）A.makeB.becomeC.doD.presentA.fantasticallyB.incrediblyC.intriguinglyD.unreliablyA.offB.awayC.apartD.downA.creationB.constructionC.rebuildingD.destructionA.useB.spendC.takeD.makeA.atB.withC.inD.forA.wayB.meaningC.ideaD
21、.senseA.builtB.designedC.destroyedD.improvedA.electrifyingB.poweringC.equippingD.generatingA.andB.orC.withoutD.unlessA.expectationsB.modificationsC.historyD.exceptionsA.muchB.thatC.thoseD.asA.with regard toB.in caseC.due toD.as toA.withB.overC.throughD.duringA.ImmediatelyB.UnexpectedlyC.FortunatelyD
22、.FundamentallyA.fromB.includingC.withD.forA.changesB.innovationsC.upgradesD.boostsA.ensureB.protectC.preventD.strengthenA.HoweverB.NonethelessC.More or lessD.MoreoverA.produceB.createC.inventD.induce专业英语四级-80答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this 1 ,
23、we go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, live in the 2 or go to the seaside. It is my profound belief that not only 3 we all need nature, but we all seek nature, 4 we know we are doing so or not. But despite this, our children are growing up 5 . I spent my boyhood
24、6 trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed 7 these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic and the loss of the open 8 . A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less 9 and greater physical ability
25、 than children used only 10 a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children 11 to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another study found that children play 12 in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy
26、(等级) 13 on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the 14 . But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much 15 into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now on 16 and creativity. But children are frequently discouraged 17 involvement with natural spaces, for health
27、 and safety reasons, for 18 that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is 19 to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their 20 .（分数：40.00）A.reasonB.advantageC.endD.purpose解析：解析 固定搭配题。第一句是主题句，本句是对主题句的具体说明，因此用to this end：为了这个目的。purpose的搭配应为：for thi
28、s purpose；reason的搭配为：for this reason。A.woodsB.suburbsC.slumsD.downtown解析：解析 语义衔接题。因为喜欢接近自然，因而住在suburbs(郊区)。woods：树林；slums：贫民窟；downtown：市中心。A.doB.asC.areD.because解析：解析 语法关系题。that引导的宾语从句有两个部分：we all need nature和we all seek nature, not only.but(also)连接两个句子时前句要倒装。A.thoughB.whetherC.ifD.unless解析：解析 逻辑关系题
29、。本句为状语从句，whether.or not为固定搭配，意为“是否，无论”。A.nature-longingB.nature-lovingC.nature-grantedD.nature-deprived解析：解析 语义衔接题。本句内容是上一段的转折，也承接了后面的内容，表明我们的孩子并没有机会亲近自然，因此选择nature-deprived：被剥夺了自然。A.climbB.to climbC.climbingD.climbed解析：解析 动词搭配题。动词spend的搭配应为spend (time/money) doing sth.：花时间/金钱做某事。A.atB.onC.withD.of解
30、析：解析 介词搭配题。rob sb. of sth.：剥夺了某人的某物(东西/权力等)。A.spacesB.parksC.playgroundsD.greens解析：解析 固定搭配题。open spaces：开阔的空间。A.troubleB.illnessC.disabilityD.weakness解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据后文and greater physical ability可知在自然环境中玩耍的A.ofB.inC.atD.to解析：解析 固定搭配题。(be)used to sth：习惯，前面省略了who are。A.approachB.progressC.chanceD.acces
31、s解析：解析 固定搭配题。give sb. access to.：允许(某人)接近，接见。A.happilyB.differentlyC.instinctivelyD.naturally解析：解析 语义衔接题。本段中对比了在游戏场上和自然环境中玩耍的孩子在游戏方式上的不同，本句是本段的主题句，因此应该选择differently(不同地)。A.reliedB.dependentC.basedD.formed解析：解析 动词辨析题。在游戏场上，孩子们根据他们的体能不同而划分等级，而在草地上他们则根据想象力形成等级关系。based on：依据，根据；rely on和depend on相似，意思为“依
32、靠(而存在，生存)”。A.leadB.headC.advanceD.priority解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据上文，孩子之间根据体能的强弱决定等级关系，强壮的孩子因此就是“首领”，take the lead：领头。A.moreB.lessC.quickerD.easier解析：解析 语义衔接题。当孩子们在有灌木环绕的草地上玩耍时，他们此时更喜欢想象类的游戏，much more是修饰动词短语get into的副词比较级。A.backgroundB.capacityC.techniqueD.imagination解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据上文的fantasy一词及后文的creativity一词
33、，此处最合乎上下文的词应该为“imagination(想象力)”。A.ofB.atC.fromD.with解析：解析 介词搭配题。discourage sb. from doing sth.：劝阻/阻止某人做某事。A.dreadB.fearC.frightD.terror解析：解析 固定搭配题。for fear that：担忧，害怕，其后的从句可以为虚拟语气。A.doneB.madeC.createdD.caused解析：解析 固定搭配题。do damage to sb.：对造成损害。A.heartsB.nervesC.soulsD.strengths解析：解析 语义衔接题。与本句中身体(bo
34、dy)相对的词应该是心灵(soul)。Our lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own 21 , I no longer imagine I can get through a single day completely 22 my own. Even if I am on 23 in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, using electricity someone e
35、lse is 24 to my house. Evidence of 25 is everywhere. As I was growing up, I remember 26 carefully taught that independence not interdependence was 27 . When I was face-to-face with 28 of some action, my mothers favorite remark was 29 youve made your bed, lie on it. Total independence is a dominant t
36、hing in our culture. I imagine 30 my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities 31 my actions and my choices. And I grew up 32 that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very 33 to ask for help. I would do almost anything not to be a 34 , and not require
37、any help from anybody. When I became ill my illusions of total independence 35 in an instant. All of a 36 I had to face the fact that I could do nothing, not even sit up, 37 someone elses intervention. I began to realize that not asking for help is, in fact, 38 . I love to help people. If I dont let
38、 them help me back, I am not allowing them the 39 satisfaction I enjoy. Learning this lesson has allowed me once and for all to see that my life really is a part of a larger 40 .（分数：30.00）A.companyB.companionC.fellowshipD.friendship解析：解析 名词辨析题。company：不可数名词，陪伴；companion：可数名词，朋友，伙伴；fellowship：友谊，伙伴关系
39、；friendship：友谊。根据句意，作者喜欢自己独处，因而是enjoy my own company。A.byB.ofC.onD.with解析：解析 介词搭配题。on ones own：独自。A.holidayB.vacationC.festivalD.rest解析：解析 固定搭配题。on vacation：度假。A.transmittingB.allocatingC.distributingD.circulating解析：解析 动词辨析题。distribute：分发，分配，散步；transmit：传输(信号)；allocate：分配；circulate：循环。根据句意，我用的电是由他人分
40、到我家里的。A.relationshipB.companionshipC.independenceD.interdependence解析：解析 逻辑关系题。根据前文，作者想要表达的意义是人们之间的依赖无法避免，因此是interdependence(互相依赖)。A.beB.to beC.beingD.to have been解析：解析 分词用法题。动词remember后面可以是to do sth.，也可以是doing sth.，前者表示“记得将要做某事”，后者表示“记得已经做了某事”。该句中作者回忆自己小时候曾经发生的事情，因此是remember doing sth.。A.somethingB.
41、anythingC.everythingD.nothing解析：解析 不定代词辨析。everything在此表示最重要的人或事物，如：Money isnt everything. 金钱不是万能的。A.seriousnessB.consequencesC.prominenceD.significance解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据后一句母亲的话可以得知，作者的母亲要求他勇于承担自己行为所带来的后果，因此应选consequence：结果，后果。seriousness：严肃性；prominence：突出；significance：重要性。A.now thatB.in caseC.on conditi
42、on thatD.for fear that解析：解析 词义辨析题。本句是一句俗语，意思为“自做自受”。now that：因为；in case：万一；on condition that：在条件下；for fear that：万一。A.whichB.asC.thatD.what解析：解析 语法关系题。imagine后的内容都是该词的宾语从句，同时，这个宾语从句中还包含了一个主语从句what my parents were trying to teach me。what在这个主语从句中充当了teach的直接宾语。A.ofB.withC.inD.for解析：解析 介词搭配题。take respons
43、ibility for sth., be responsible for sth. 均表示“对承担责任”。A.believingB.suspectingC.forgettingD.remembering解析：解析 语义衔接题。作者所受的教育告诉他应该独立自主，因此他长大后就坚信必须依靠自己。believing为现在分词做状语。A.eagerB.dependentC.reluctantD.opposed解析：解析 语义衔接搭配题。根据句意，作者应该是不愿意寻求他人的帮助。在搭配上，be reluctant to do sth. 表示“不情愿，勉强做某事”；oppose一词的搭配则是：be opp
44、osed to doing sth.表示“反对，反抗做某事”。A.loadB.blockC.embarrassmentD.burden解析：解析 名词辨析题。作者无论如何都不愿意麻烦别人，意味着他不愿成为他人的负担。burden：负担；block：障碍；embarrassment：尴尬；load：负荷物，载荷物。A.reinforcedB.vanishedC.abandonedD.reversed解析：解析 动词辨析题。根据句意，作者这种不切实际的独立自主的想法在生病之后突然发生了转变。vanish表示“突然完全消失”；reinforce(加强)在意义上不符合；而abandon(放弃)和rev
45、erse(逆转)应该使用其被动形式。A.whileB.timeC.suddenD.change解析：解析 固定搭配题。all of a sudden：突然，一下子，和前文in an instant对应。A.withB.withoutC.instead ofD.in place of解析：解析 逻辑关系题。根据上文的意思，作者在病中突然发现自己无能为力，因此可以推断出此时他非常需要他人的帮助，所以此处的意思是如果没有他人的帮助甚至无法坐起身来。A.weakB.shamefulC.humbleD.selfish解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据下文，作者在本段表达的观点是人们都希望能够从帮助他人的过程中获得
