1、Designation: D4304 17Standard Specification forMineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or GasTurbines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic (APIgroup I, II, III, or IV) oils used in steam and gas turbinelubr
3、ication systems where the performance requirements de-mand highly refined mineral or synthetic base oils compoundedwith rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives asneeded to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. Thisstandard may also be applied to “combined cycle” turbinesyste
4、ms, where a single lubricant circulating system is used tosupply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandemeither on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energyefficiency.1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties ofmineral and synthetic oil-based turbine lubricating oil
5、s that arefunctionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, arecompatible with most existing machinery components, andwith appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their func-tional characteristics.1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubri-cating oil before it is in
6、stalled in the machinery.1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It ispossible that oils that do not meet this specification mayperform satisfactorily in some turbines.1.5 This specification does not include API Group V fluids.For polyol ester fluids used to lubricate land-based ga
7、sturbines, the user is referred to the current version of militaryspecification MIL-PRF-23699 for fluid performance require-ments. For phosphate ester fluids used as turbine lubricants orsteam turbine electro-hydraulic control (EHC) fluids, the useris referred to the current version of Specification
8、 D4293 forfluid performance requirements.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established
9、 in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup Tester
10、D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum
11、 Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsD974 Test Method for Acid a
12、nd Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oilsand Synthetic FluidsD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-bine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD2422 Classific
13、ation of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-cosity SystemD3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibili
14、ty ofSubcommittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4304 13. DOI:10.1520/D4304-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
15、m.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by th
17、e World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocar-bon Based OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetrole
18、um ProductsD4293 Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids forTurbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-HydraulicControl (EHC) ApplicationsD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging andCorrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral OilsD5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load Ca-p
19、acity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6439 Guide for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification ofSteam, Gas, and Hydroelectric Turbine Lubrication Sys-temsD7155 Practice
20、for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures ofTurbine Lubricating OilsD7546 Test Method for Determination of Moisture in Newand In-Service Lubricating Oils and Additives by RelativeHumidity SensorD7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded AviationGasolineD7647 Test Method for Automatic Particle Count
21、ing ofLubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Tech-niques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Inter-fering Soft Particles by Light Extinction2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 440699 Particle Count AnalysisISO 6072 RubberCompatibility Between Hydraulic Flu-ids and Standard Elastomeric MaterialsIS
22、O 8068 Lubricatns, Industrial Oils and Related Products(Class L)Family T (Turbines)Specification for Lubri-cating Turbines2.3 Military Standards:MIL-PRF-23699G Performance Specification LubricatingOil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Synthetic Base, NATO CodeNumbers: O-152, O-154, O-156, and O-16743. Termi
23、nology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Type I mineral or synthetic oils, noils for steam, gas,or combined cycle turbine lubricating systems where themachinery does not require lubricants with enhanced loadcarrying capacity.3.1.1.1 DiscussionType I oils usually are available in ISOVG 32, 46, 68 and 100 (see Cla
24、ssification D2422). Such oilsnormally contain rust and oxidation inhibitors in addition toother additives as required to meet the specified performancecharacteristic. Type I oils are generally satisfactory for turbinesets where bearing temperatures do not exceed 110 C.3.1.2 Type II mineral or synthe
25、tic oils, noils for steam,gas, or combined cycle turbine lubricating systems where themachinery requires enhanced load carrying capacity.3.1.2.1 DiscussionType II oils usually are available inISO VG 32, 46, 68, 100, and 150. These oils are similar to TypeI but contain additional anti-wear additives
26、for use in turbinesequipped with a gearbox. Type II oils are generally satisfactoryfor turbine sets where bearing temperatures do not exceed110 C. Oils ISO VG 68 and above have been used in marine,hydro, or water turbines.3.1.3 Type III mineral or synthetic oils, noils for heavyduty gas or combined
27、cycle turbine lubricating systems wherethe lubricant shall withstand higher temperatures and exhibithigher thermal stability than Type I or Type II oils.3.1.3.1 DiscussionType III oils usually are available inISO VG 32 and 46. Such oils are normally comprised of ahighly refined mineral or synthetic
28、base oil (API group I, II, III,or IV) with suitable rust and oxidation inhibitors in addition toother additives as needed to meet specified performancecharacteristics. Type III oils are formulated for use in turbinesets where bearing temperatures may exceed 110 C. Theturbine lubrication systems usin
29、g Type III oils may beequipped with a gearbox that may require the selection of oilsthat contain additional anti-wear additives to impart the speci-fied load carrying capacity.3.1.4 functional properties, nthose properties of the min-eral or synthetic lubricating oil that are required for satisfacto
30、ryoperation of the machinery. These properties are listed inSection 5.4. Sampling, Testing, and System Preparation4.1 SamplingGenerally, take all oil samples in accordancewith Practice D4057.4.2 Use the ASTM and other test methods described inTables 1-3.4.3 Test Method D6439 should be referenced for
31、 turbineflushing guidance.4.4 Practice D7155 should be referenced to confirm oil tooil compatibility.5. Functional Property Requirements5.1 Mineral and synthetic lubricating oils conforming to thespecification shall meet the functional property limits specifiedin 5.2 5.4 and Tables 1-3. The signific
32、ance of these propertiesis discussed in Appendix X1.5.2 Requirements for Type I oils are shown in Table 1.5.3 Requirements for Type II oils are shown in Table 2.5.4 Requirements for Type III oils are shown in Table 3.6. Keywords6.1 combined cycle turbine oil; gas turbine oil; mineral oil;R and O oil
33、s; steam turbine oil; synthetic turbine oil; turbinelubricating oils; turbine lubrication systems3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from US Military document web site, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil/D43
34、04 172TABLE 1 Requirements for Type I Turbine OilsNOTE 1The nature of some turbine oil tests are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch of lubricant. The values are only recommendedvalues. A turbine oil that has been shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suit
35、able for use even if all values or limits in Table1 have not been satisfied.Physical Test Method LimitsISOviscosity grade D2422 32 46 68 100ASTM Color, rating D1500 report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6 C D4052 report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 180 180 180Pour
36、 point, C, max D97A6 6 6 6Water Content, m%, max D6304 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt (mm2/s) 40 C D445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110Visual examination at 20 C . clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D974Breport report report reportPerformanceEmulsion characteristics: D1401
37、Cat 54 C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 N/Aat 82 C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max N/A N/A N/A 60Foaming characteristics: D892Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50 C, minutes max D3427 55817Rust preventing characteristics D665, Procedure B Pass Pass Pass
38、PassCopper corrosion, 3 h at 100 C, max D130 1111Oxidation stability:DHours to neut. No. 2.0, min D943D2000 2000 1500 1000Minutes to 175 kPa drop, min D2272 350 350 175 1501000h TOST Sludge, mg, max D4310C200 200 200 .1000h TOST, Total acid number, mg KOH/g, max D4310 report report report .Elastomer
39、 Compatibility SRE NBR1, orSRENBR- 28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168 h 2 h at 100 C 1 C) volume change% minimum to maximumISO 6072E4 to 15 4 to 15 4 to 15 N/AElastomer Compatibility SRE NBR 1, orSRENBR- 28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168h2hat100C1C),hardness change minimum to maximumISO 6072E8 to 8 8 to 8 8 to 8 N/AClea
40、nliness as filled into turbine, rating, max ISO 440699F18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13ALower pour point may be required for some applications.BTest Method D664 may be used as an alternative test method.CApplies only to steam turbine oils and combined cycle turbine oils, for example, turbine oils
41、 with exposure to water.DTest Method D943 is the accepted test method for oxidation stability of new steam turbine oils. It is recognized that Test Method D943 is a lengthy procedure. Test MethodD2272 is a shorter test for quality control. See X1.3.6 for significance of Test Method D2272.ETest limit
42、s based on ISO 8068 guidance for turbine oils.FSystems where the turbine oil is used as the control oil may require lower particle counts, suggest 16/14/11.D4304 173TABLE 2 Requirements for Type II Turbine OilsNOTE 1The nature of some tests are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch. T
43、he values are only recommended values. An oil that hasbeen shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values in Table 2 have not been satisfied.Physical Test Method LimitsISOviscosity grade D2422 32 46 68 100 150ASTM Color, rating D1500 report repor
44、t report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6 C D4052 report report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 180 180 180 210Pour point, C, max D97A5 5 5 5 5Water Content, m%, max 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt, 40 C (mm2/s) D445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110 135165Visual exam
45、ination at 20 C . clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D974B0.2 0.2 0.2 report reportPerformance:Emulsion Characteristics:CD1401at 54 C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 . .at 82 C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max . . . 60 60Foaming characteristics: D892Sequence I, tendency/
46、stability, mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50 C minutes max D3427 5 5 10 17 25Rust preventing characteristics D665, Procedure B pass pass pass pass passCopper corrosion, 3 h at 100 C, max D130 11 1 1 1Oxidation stability:DHours to neut. No. 2.0, min D943D3500 3000 2500 1000 1000Minutes
47、to 175 kPa drop, min D2272 350 350 175 150 150Elastomer Compatibility SRE NBR1,or SRE-NBR-28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168h2hat100C1C)volumechange% minimum to maximumISO 6072E4 to 15 4 to 15 4 to 15 N/A N/AElastomer Compatibility SRE NBR 1, orSRE-NBR-28P or SRE-NBR-28PX(168h2hat100C1C),hardness change minimu
48、m to maximumISO 6072E8 to 8 8 to 8 8 to 8 N/A N/ACleanliness as filled into turbine, rating, max ISO 440699F18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13 18/16/13Load carrying capacity:FZF Scuffing fail stage, min D5182G88 8 9 9ALower pour point may be required for some applications.BTest Method D664 may be u
49、sed as alternative method.CApplies only to steam turbine oils and combined cycle turbine oils, for example, turbine oils with exposure to water.DTest Method D943 is the accepted test method for oxidation stability of new steam turbine oils. It is recognized that Test Method D943 is a lengthy procedure. Thus, TestMethod D2272 is a suggested shorter test for quality control. See X1.3.6 for significance of Test Method D2272.ETest limits based on ISO 8068 guida
