1、Designation: E3104 17Standard Specification forStrippable & Removable Coatings to Mitigate Spread ofRadioactive Contamination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification is intended to provide a basis foridentification of strippable/removable materials us
3、ed to immo-bilize radioactive contamination, minimize worker exposure,and facilitate subsequent decontamination or to protect uncon-taminated areas against the spread of radioactive contamina-tion.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parenthese
4、s are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
5、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International S
6、tandards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings UsingPort
7、able Adhesion TestersD4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserE2731 Specification for Materials to Mitigate the Spread ofRadioactive Contamination after a Radiological Disper-sion Event3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 contamination, nradioactive material in
8、 an un-wanted location.3.1.2 decontamination, nremoval of contamination froman unwanted location.3.1.3 decontamination system, none or more products orprocedures, or both, that, when used together, form a stabiliz-ing material to hold or bind radioactive contamination forsubsequent removal from the
9、substrate.3.1.4 environmental conditions, nexternal factors thatmay contribute to the performance of the coating including, butnot limited to, temperature, humidity, and ventilation.3.1.5 immobilize, vto fix in place; to prevent movement orre-aerosolization of particulates due to mechanical or envir
10、on-mental forces such as by tracking, precipitation, or wind.(E273109)3.1.6 lower flammability limit (LFL), nthe lower end ofthe concentration range over which a flammable mixture of gasor vapor in air can be ignited at a given temperature andpressure.3.1.7 removable coating, nproducts that fall out
11、side thepurview of strippable coatings, that is, products that aretemporary coatings and removed through methods other thanstripping, that are used to physically or chemically hold or bindradioactive particulate that may also be capable of subsequentremoval of radioactive contamination.3.1.8 strippa
12、ble coating, ndurable film-forming productused to physically or chemically hold or bind radioactiveparticulate that may also be capable of subsequent removal ofradioactive contamination.3.1.9 waste acceptance criteria (WAC), nthe criteria that amaterial must meet for acceptance in a waste disposal s
13、ite;these criteria may vary per disposal site.3.1.10 working time, nthe time period between the open-ing of the material storage container or mixing of componentsuntil the prepared material can no longer be successfullyapplied to a surface.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit
14、tee E10 onNuclear Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee E10.03 on Radiological Protection for Decontamination and Decommission-ing of Nuclear Facilities and Components.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. DOI: 10.1520/E3104172For referen
15、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
16、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade
17、Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Significance and Use4.1 Some of these specifications may prove difficult to meet.A product that meets some, but not all, of the performancespecifications herein may have value, and this specificationmay be used as a guide by which to evalu
18、ate such products.4.2 This specification establishes performance specifica-tions for a coating that is intended to immobilize dispersibleradioactive contamination deposited on buildings and equip-ment as might result from anticipated to unanticipated events toinclude normal operating conditions, pos
19、t-operational cleanout(decontamination), decommissioning, and radiological release.4.3 The strippable/removable coating is intended to beremovable during subsequent decontamination operations. It isintended to reduce: (1) migration of the contamination into oralong buildings, equipment, and other su
20、rfaces; (2) resuspen-sion of contamination into the air; and (3) the spread ofcontamination as a result of external forces such as pedestriantraffic.4.4 The strippable/removable coating is intended to reducethe airborne intake hazards of the radioactive contamination.4.5 The strippable/removable coa
21、ting shall be applicable toboth vertical and horizontal surfaces.4.6 The strippable/removable coating should be able towork within a range of environmental and radiological condi-tions.4.7 The strippable/removable coating should be readilyapplied to both porous and nonporous materials such asconcret
22、e, wood, metal, ceramics, and plastics.4.8 The strippable/removable coating may include constitu-ents that will physically or chemically bind and immobilizeradioactive contamination.4.9 The strippable/removable coating shall allow for con-trolled removal from the site or equipment. The strippable/re
23、movable coating and the method for controlled removalshould result in minimal or no destruction or disfigurement ofthe substrate.4.10 An additional feature that would be desirable would bethe ability to act as a decontamination system when it issubsequently removed. It is expected that a certain amo
24、unt ofcontamination will be removed from the treated surface as afunction of removing the strippable/removable coating, therebyaccomplishing some degree of decontamination.5. Mechanical Properties5.1 The strippable/removable coating shall be compatiblewith at least one of the following application s
25、ystems: conven-tional or remote spray, foam, brush, fog, or roll.5.2 The strippable/removable coating shall immobilize ra-dioactive contamination physically, chemically, or both.5.3 The strippable/removable coating shall have sufficientmechanical properties to withstand long-term wear associatedwith
26、 incidental abrasion and abrasive foot traffic that are likelyto cause resuspension or transport of the stabilized contami-nant.5.4 The strippable/removable coating should be applicableto the desired surface without significant surface preparation(cleaning, sanding, primer layer, etc.)6. Chemical Pr
27、operties6.1 The strippable/removable coating shall not include norgenerate toxic by-products as defined by the U.S. OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) during preparation,application, or removal under normal conditions.ASafety DataSheet must be provided so that appropriate personal p
28、rotectiveequipment can be selected.6.2 The strippable/removable coating shall not generateflammable by-products above 20 % of the lower flammabilitylimit (LFL).6.3 The strippable/removable coating shall be non-volatileafter curing with respect to chemical interaction under normaloperating conditions
29、.6.4 The strippable/removable coating shall maintain a nearneutral pH (5-8).6.5 The strippable/removable coating shall not stain thesubstrate upon which it is applied.6.6 The strippable/removable coating should not attract orbe a foodstuff for animals, insects, pests, or undesirablebacteria.6.7 The
30、strippable/removable coating shall be chemicallynonhazardous after curing as defined by the U.S. Environmen-tal Protection Agency (EPA).7. Performance Requirements7.1 Shelf LifeThe strippable/removable coating shall havea shelf life in accordance with 8.1.7.2 Working TimeThe strippable/removable coa
31、ting shallexhibit a working time sufficient to meet a realistic applicationrate. Working time is heavily dependent on the method ofapplication. The application method is purposely left uncon-strained and is up to the manufacturer to prescribe.7.3 Cure TimeThe strippable/removable coating shall ex-hi
32、bit a curing time sufficient to meet realistic operational andenvironmental conditions (that is, 24 h).The strippable/removable coating shall form a film that meets the physical,mechanical, and other requirements listed in Sections 48 ofthis specification.7.4 The strippable/removable coating shall p
33、revent releaseof radioactive particles when applied to the following surfacescommonly found in a working environment under normal wearconditions: concrete, asphalt, granite, limestone, brick,aluminum, stainless steel, painted and unpainted steel, paintedand unpainted wood, glass, and plastic.7.5 The
34、 strippable/removable coating shall maintain a filmsuch that significant amounts of respirable particles (10 m)of the coating material are not generated during abrasion,impact, or earthquake.7.6 The strippable/removable coating shall be removable bypeeling or scrubbing.E3104 1727.7 The strippable/re
35、movable coating must be compliantwith waste acceptance criteria (WAC) for anticipated finaldisposition site. The strippable/removable coating should beeasily segregated to allow for ease of waste package such thatcompliance with WAC can be easily satisfied.8. Minimum Performance Criteria8.1 Shelf Li
36、feMinimum of 2 years.8.2 Tensile Strength (Test Method D412)200 psi (1378.9kPa).8.3 Adhesion (Test Method D4541)50 psi (345 kPa) onconcrete under normal environmental conditions.8.4 Abrasion Resistance (Test Method D4060)0.002 oz(50 mg) loss.8.5 Dry/Cure TimeForms film satisfying the above me-chanic
37、al criteria within 24 h of application.8.6 Decontamination Factor (DF)No minimum, howevera desirable decontamination factor would be 2.0.8.7 Airborne Release FractionNo minimum, however adesirable characteristic would be to provide 95 % immobili-zation of particles when disturbed by 50 psi air burst
38、.9. Keywords9.1 cleanup; contain; encapsulate; immobilize; radioactivecontamination; radionuclide; removable coating; resuspension;strippable coatingBIBLIOGRAPHY(1) ANS Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Science and Technology, Ameri-can Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, IL, 1986.(2) Ebadian, M. A., “Asses
39、sment of strippable coatings for decontami-nation and decommissioning,” Jan. 1, 1998, available at http:/www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/665907-mIQzIw/webviewable/665907.pdf.(3) Tripp, J., Archibald, K., Lauerhass, L., Argyle, M., and Demmer, R.,“Cleaning and Decontamination Using Strippable and P
40、rotectiveCoatings at the Idaho National Engineering and EnvironmentalLaboratory,” March 1, 1999, available at http:/www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/8239-A64q4z/webviewable/8239.pdf.(4) United States of America. Department of Energy. Office ofEnvironment, Health, Safety & Security. “AIRBORNE RELEAS
41、EFRACTIONS/RATES AND RESPIRABLE FRACTIONS FORNONREACTOR NUCLEAR FACILITIES.” Oak Ridge: Office ofScientific and Technical Information, 2013. DOE-HDBK-3010.(5) United States of America. Department of Energy. Carlsbad FieldOffice. “Waste Acceptance Criteria for the Waste Isolation PilotPlant.” Rev. 8.
42、 Carlsbad, NM: Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, 2016.DOE/WIPP 02-3122.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any s
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