1、2013-2014学年江苏省启东中学高二下第二次月考英语试卷与答案（带解析） 其他 Observational Learning: To See Is to Know A group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing a
2、nd imitating the behaviors of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behaviors in their families and cultures: By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior grade
3、one By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were “fashionable,” and how to interact with instructors. The people from whom you learn new behaviors through observing function as models, presenting a behavior to be imitated. With modeling, you observe others behav
4、iors, and then none, some, or all of these behaviors may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Banduras classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didnt see an
5、 adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mis
6、treating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it) and being aggressive with the other toys in the room. Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more yo
7、u learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about what behaviors are appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated. All st
8、udents need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them. Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. B
9、e willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in m
10、odeling behaviors. Examples include letting high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first. 答案： 【小题 1】 Definition / Concept / Meaning。 【小题 2】 observation 【小题 3】 properly / appropriately / well 【小题 4】 aggressive / violent / r
11、ude 【小题 5】 Features / Characteristics 【小题 6】 likely 【小题 7】 similar 【小题 8】 teaching / education / instruction 【小题 9】 desired / expected / targeted 【小题 10】 Seeking 试题分析：文章介绍 什么是观察学习，观察学习的应用，怎么将观察学习用于教学中。 【小题 1】归纳题：根据右边的内容： Observational learning is learning that occurs through (2) and imitation of oth
12、ers.可知这是观察学习的定义， Definition / Concept / Meaning 【小题 2】词性转化题：根据第一段的句子： This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behaviors of others, is called observational learning.可知将 observing 改成 observation。 【小题 3】词性转化题：根据第一段的句子： Observational learning helps people acquire pro
13、per behaviors in their families and cultures: 可知将 proper改成 properly / appropriately / well。 【 小题 4】原词重现题：根据第二段的句子： Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it) and being aggressive with the other toys in the room.可知看见不好的行
14、为的孩子自己也会有攻击性， aggressive / violent / rude。 【小题 5】原词重现题 ：根据第三段的句子： Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. 可知这里介绍观察学习榜样的特点： Features / Characteristics。 【小题 6】原词重现题：根据第三段的句子： You are more likely to pay attention if the mo
15、del is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful.可知填 likely 【小题 7】句意理解题：根据第三段的句子： Second, by watching others, we learn about what behaviors are appropriate for people like ourselves,可知和我们相像的人会促进观察学习。 like= similar to 【小题 8】词性转化题：根据第四段的句子： Then, as teachers, how can you app
16、ly observational learning 可知怎么将观察学习应用于教学中： teaching / education / instruction。 【小题 9】词性转化题：根据第四段的句子： Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. 可知将 desire改成 desired / expected / targeted。 【小题 10】词性转化 题：根据第四段的句子： Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in mo
17、deling behaviors. 可知将 seek改成 Seeking。 考点：考查任务型阅读 【小题 1】 A case of suspected food poisoning in New York has caused 6 high school students _(send)to hospital. 【小题 2】 She has had a number of different jobs, _(range) from cook to baby-sitter. 【小题 3】 Weibo as well as Wechat _ (serve)as a media platform f
18、or people to share their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time. 【小题 4】 -Any information about your son -No, if only I _(not say ) those rough words to him. 【小题 5】 I find it important that all the plans _(discuss) by the end of this month. 答案： 【小题 1】 to be sent 【小题 2】 ranging 【小题 3】 serv
19、es 【小题 4】 hadnt said 【小题 5】 (should) be discussed 试题分析： 【小题 1】这里使用词组 “使某人做某事 ”： cause sb. to do sth.因为 students和send是被动关系，所以用 to be sent 【小题 2】她做过很多不同的工作，从厨师到保姆。这里使用 ranging做定语修饰 jobs. 【小题 3】考查主谓一致，主语是 Weibo as well as Wechat ，谓语和前面的主语Weibo一致，所以用单数，因为这是客观情况，所以用一般现在时： serves。 【小题 4】考查虚拟语气， if only后面的
20、从句中用过去完成时表示和过去相反的情况，所以用 hadnt said。 【小题 5】考查虚拟语气，句型： It is+important that+从句中，从句用（ should） do，表示虚拟语气，而且 plans和 discuss是被动关系， (should) be discussed。 考点：考查语法填空 单项选择 * The _ of blood made the girl feel sick and she began to cry. A scene B scenery C sight D view 答案： C 试题分析：句意：看见血让女孩感到恶心开始哭了。这里使用名词，四个选项的
21、含义分别是： A. scene场景， B. scenery风景， C. sight看见，视野，风景， D. view观点，风景，所以选 C。 考点：考查名词辨析 -Jack, how can I turn on this ipod -_. A Allow me! B So what C Hold on. D Nothing much. 答案： A 试题分析： A.Allow me 让我来， B. So what 那又怎样？ C. Hold on. 坚持，别挂断， D. Nothing much. 很少；没什么事。句意： -杰克，我怎 么打开这个 ipod？-让我来。所以选 A。 考点：考查交际
22、用语 Clean water _the village people in the flooded area. A is not easily accessible to B has no easy access to C is not easily accessible for D has no easy access for 答案： A 试题分析：句意：干净的水是洪水地区的人们很难得到的 .词组： sth be accessible to sb.某事为某人所获得， have access to是某人有机会获得某物，所以选 A。 考点：考查词组 -I didnt watch the prog
23、ram “Where are we going, Dad ” yesterday. -I _, either, if my father hadnt reminded me. A wouldnt B didnt C wouldnt have D hadnt 答案： C 试题分析：句意： -我昨天没有看爸爸去哪里？ 如果我爸爸没有提醒我的话，我也不会看了。这里 if引导的条件状语从句使用过去完成时表示和过去相反的动作，主句使用 would have done表示过去的虚拟。所以选 C。 考点：考查虚拟语气 I think you could complain, _, of course, you
24、 are happy with the way things are. A when B if C unless D while 答案： C 试题分析：句意：当然，我想如果你对于这件事不满意你可以投 诉。句中 of course为插入语，这里缺少连词： unless除非，如果不， A. when 当 时候， B. if如果， D. while然而，根据句意选 C。 考点：考查连词 Only when _ hard _ make your dream come true. A do you work; you can B you work; you can C you work; can you
25、 D do you work; can you 答案： C 试题分析：句意：只有当你努力了，你才能实现梦想。副词 only 与状语从句一起位于句首时，主句部分使用部分倒装的形式，从句部分不用倒装。所以选 C。 考点：考查倒装句式 Thanks to Mr. Smith, the father and the son eventually _ after ten years cold relationship between them. A took up B made up C broke up D turned up 答案： B 试题分析：句意：多亏 了史密斯夫人，爸爸和儿子最终在经过十年的
26、冷战后和好如初。 make up“和好，组成，化妆，编造， ”A took up从事，拿起，占据，C broke up分手， D turned up出现，所以选 B。 考点：考查动词短语 GLOBE International is an organization _to finding effective solutions to the problems with sustainable development. A committed B having committed C commits D committing 答案： A 试题分析：句意：全球国际是一个致力于发现可持续发展问题的有
27、效解决方法的组织。这里需要定语修饰 an organization。词组 be committed to doing sth致力于做某事，所以用过去分词做定语。所以选 A. 考点：考查过去分词做定语 -We had _really smoggy December this year. -I cant remember _ winter when air was polluted so severely. A a; / B a; the C a; a D the; the 答案： C 试题分析：句意：今年我们度过了一个雾霾的 12月份。 -我不记得有一个冬天空气被污染的如此严重的。第一空填 a，
28、泛指 “一个雾霾的 12月份 ”，第二空填a，泛指 “一个冬天 ”，选 C。 考点：考查冠词 To succeed as an artist, one must _talent and discipline. A join B relate C associate D combine 答案： D 试题分析：句意：为了成功的做一个艺术家，一个人必须将天才和训练结合起来。这里需要动词，四个选项的含义分别是： A. join参加， B. relate联系，和 to搭配， C. associate联系，和 with搭配， D. combine结合，和 with或 and搭配，所以选 D。 考点：考查动
29、词辨析 The little child _go out alone at night, so he _walk in the dark that night. A darent; didnt dare to B doesnt dare; dare not C doesnt dare to; dared not to D doesnt dare to; dare not 答案： A 试题分析：句意：那个小孩晚上不敢独自外出，所以那晚他不敢在黑暗中行走。dare 既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词，作实义动词时，一般用 dare to do sth.，在否定句和疑问句中 to 可省略，作情态动词时，
30、后接动词原形。分析各个选项可排除 CD两项，再根据句中的 that night可知，第二空应用一般过去时，所以选 A。 考点：考查 dare的用法 When it comes to relieving stress, proper rest and good nutrition can help, _. A so does good parenting B so good parenting does C so good parenting can D so can good parenting 答案： D 试题分析：句意：当说到缓解压力的时候，适当的休息和好的营养能有帮助 ，好的父母安慰也能
31、有帮助。这里使用了倒装句， so+助动词 /情态动词 /be动词 +主语，表示 “ 也是 ”，因为前面的句子使用了情态动词 can，所以这里也使用can，答案：是 D。 考点：考查倒装句 -Do you have any plan for the coming holiday -I thought I might stay with my parents, but something unexpected _. A has occurred B had occurred C was occurring D would occur 答案： A 试题分析：句意： -对于即将到来的假期你有什么计划吗
32、？ -我本以为我可以和父母呆在一起，但是发生了预料之外的事情。根据第一句话可知这里表示现在的情况，和过去无关，所以使用现在完成时。选 A. 考点：考查时态 The little girl came close to _ in the accident. A be killed B being killed C having been killed D having killed 答案： B 试题分析：句意：这个小女孩几乎要在这次车祸中丧生。这里使用了短语 come close to doing几乎要做某事，因为 the little girl和 kill是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动，选 B。
33、 考点：考查动名词 Never shall I forget that poem and the inspiration _ provided for my first novel. A which B that C it D what 答案： C 试题分析：句意： 我永远也不能忘记这首诗歌和它给我第一 本小说提供的灵感。这里 inspiration后面是定语从句，关系代词省略，定语从句还缺少主语 the poem，用 it 特指前面的 that poem，所以选 C。 考点：考查代词 完型填空 My parents had always prepared for hurricanes. It
34、 is what people do in Florida because “you never know”. For us, that a white metal cabinet (储藏柜 ) in our utility room (杂用间 ) filled with cans of food. We could eat anything out of the cabinet because “you never know” when a hurricane will come. As a kid, I was about the white cabinet. I thought it w
35、as kind of strange to have food in the utility room. But, one look from my mother me from opening the door to glance inside. One year, Channel 4 reported that Hurricane Dora was for the northern part of Florida. Soon the storm got and the wind blew. Then, the tall pine trees started to sway. And, “s
36、way”, I meant “ fall over or crash down on anything in their way”. We were lucky, as the went other directions and didnt take our power out. However, when my mother started cooking, the power was out. I calculated it was time to crack open that white cabinet. But, Dad thought it was time to up the c
37、harcoal grill（烧烤架 ） outside where it was raining and windy. To this day, I never a mans love for his grill. Our power came back for a while. So, my mother began cooking everything she could and it away, to the neighbors, to friends without power, to anyone with . I was hoping that the fried chicken
38、was going to find its way to our . But, it didnt. And, just as the last of the food was sent out and she began to work on our dinner, yes, we lost our . It was time for 20 minutes eggs on the grill. Oh, the white metal cabinet. No. We never it. We werent “that bad off” as I understand it. And, for y
39、ears I how bad off we would have to be to eat out of that cabinet. Perhaps it was just the of it, the thought that it was there watching our backs we wanted a can of beans or some potted meat. I dont know if that was what was in there. Anyway, I never looked inside. 【小题1】 A brave B serious C generou
40、s D smart A said B meant C showed D presented A forever B always C never D ever A doubtful B concerned C anxious D curious A banned B kept C defended D protected A reaching B looking C heading D going A round B down C far D close A by B with C for D to A walls B poles C trees D bushes A Yet B Otherw
41、ise C Nevertheless D So A start B use C break D hold A question B mention C investigate D appreciate A putting B turning C giving D clearing A love B power C diligence D difficulty A cupboard B room C bed D table A food B power C water D money A opened B locked C fixed D cleaned A examined B analyze
42、d C wondered D imagined A purpose B problem C thought D conclusion A wherever B whenever C however D whatever 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 B 【小题 3】 C 【小题 4】 D 【小题 5】 B 【小题 6】 C 【小题 7】 D 【小题 8】 A 【小题 9】 C 【小题 10】 D 【小题 11】 A 【小题 12】 A 【小题 13】 C 【小题 14】 D 【小题 15】 D 【小题 16】 B 【小题 17】 A 【小题 18】 C 【小题 19】 C 【小题 2
43、0】 B 试题分析：文章介绍作者的父母总是为飓风做好准备，杂物间的白色储藏柜总是装满了听装的食物，但是他们从没有打开过，作者也从没有看见过，只是为真正困难的时候做准备。 【小题 1】考查形容词和上下文理解。 A. brave勇敢的， B. serious严肃的， C. generous慷慨的，大方的， D. smart聪明的，根据上文： My parents had always prepared for hurricanes.可知这是聪明的人经常做的事情，所以选 D。 【小题 2】考查动词和上下文理解。 A. said说， B. meant 意味着， C. showed展示， D. pres
44、ented呈现，上文说作者的父母总是为飓风做好准备，这意味着他们的杂物间的白色的金属的储藏柜总是装满了听装的食物，所以选 B。 【小题 3】考查副词和上下文理解。 A. forever永远， B. always总是， C. never从不， D. ever曾经，根据 because “you never know” when a hurricane will come.可知我们从来不会吃储藏柜里面的东西，所以选 C。 【小题 4】考查形容词和上下文理解。 A. doubtful怀疑的， B. concerned关心的，担心的， C. anxious焦虑的， D. curious好奇的，根据下文
45、： I thought it was kind of strange to have food in the utility room.可知作者对于这个储藏柜很好奇，所以选 D。 【小题 5】考查动词和上下文理解。 A. banned禁止， B. kept 保持， C. defended保护， D. protected保护，但是妈妈看了我一眼阻止我打开门朝里面看。使用词组 keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，所以选 B。 【小题 6】考查动词和上下文理解。 A. reaching到达， B. looking看， C. heading前往， D. going去，一年，
46、四频道报道飓风 Dora正朝佛罗里达北部前进。词组head for“前往 ”。所以选 C。 【小题 7】考查形容词和上下文理解。 A. round圆的， B. down向下， C. far远的，D. close关闭，靠近的，根据 and the wind blew.可知飓风来临了，所以选 D。 【小题 8】考查介词和上下文理解。 A. by通过， B. with和 一起， C. for 为了，D. to给，通过说 “sway”我的意思是松树倒了或撞到其他东西，所以选 A。 【小题 9】考查名词和上下文理解。 A. walls墙， B. poles极点，顶点，地极，杆， C. trees树， D
47、. bushes灌木，根据上文： Then, the tall pine trees started to sway.可知这里指这棵树倒向其他方向没有破坏我们的电力，所以选 C。 【小题 10】考查副词和上下文理解。 A. Yet然而， B. Otherwise否则， C. Nevertheless然而， D. So因此，上文的 the power was out. 和下文：我们认为是时候打开白色的储物柜了，是因果关系，所以选 D。 【小题 11】考查动词短语和上下文理解。 A. start up开始使用，着手 B. use up 用完， C. break up打破，分手， D. hold u
48、p举起，耽搁，这时爸爸却说开始在刮风下雨的外面使用烧烤架，所以选 A。 【小题 12】考查名词和上下文理解。 A. question问题， B. mention提到， C. investigate调查， D. appreciate欣赏，根据 where it was raining and windy.可知作者直到这天从没有质疑过这个人对烧烤架的喜爱，所以选 A。 【小题 13】考查动词和上下文理解。 A. putting放置， B. turning 转弯， C. giving给， D. clearing清理，根据 to the neighbors, to friends without power, to anyone with 14 .可知妈妈将食物发给邻居，朋友， give away赠送，所以选 C。 【小题 14】考查名词和上下文理解。 A. love爱， B. power权力， C. diligence勤奋， D. difficulty困难，赠送食物肯定是给有困难的朋友，所以选 D。 【小题
