1、2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）模拟卷（ 2） 其他 SECTION B Directions： Read the following passage Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit Write your answers on your answer sheet. According to the sociologists, there are several different ways in which a
2、person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer (赠与 ) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge (显现 ) as leaders, although there is no formal process
3、of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent（可靠的） evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It
4、seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually (actually) any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles
5、that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive (有表现力的 ) leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective（集体
6、的） well beings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize (将 减到最少 ) tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary
7、 relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who prevent attaining the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate（培养） a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolv
8、e issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in achieving group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect. 81. How are leaders usua
9、lly chosen (不超过 12个单词 ) _ 82. What do expressive leaders generally focus on （不超过 5个词） _ 83. What kind of person may be considered a leader according to the writer (不超过17个单词 ) _ 84. What does the passage mainly discuss （不超过 8个词） _ 答案： 81. Formally through election or recruitment. 82. Making sure of h
10、armonious relationships / Ensuring harmonious relationships. 83. Any person who has qualities meeting the needs of that particular group. 84. The roles of leaders in social groups / Two different leadership roles. PART FOUR WRITING SECTION A Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagr
11、am by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer. Supplying energy by nuclear power is a new trend in the recent years. However, it may be very dangerous. First, the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station. Although t
12、he power stations themselves are strongly built, the containers used for the transport of the materials are not. Normally, only two methods of transport are in use, namely, road and rail. Unfortunately, both of these may have an effect on the general public, since they are sure to pass near, or even
13、 through, heavily populated areas. Second, there is a problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these waste non radioactive, so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scien
14、tists have invented. For example, they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into deserted mines, or sunk in the area. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake could easily break the containers. Third, there may occur the danger of a leak or an explosion at the power
15、 station. As with the other two dangers, this is not very likely, so it doesnt provide a serious objection to nuclear program. However, it can happen. Separately, these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry. Taken together, though, the probability of disaster is extremely high. Titl
16、e: 71 of Nuclear Power Argument Supplying 72 by nuclear power may be very dangerous. Grounds of 73 Places Reasons 74 Along 75 77 not strong Transported near the public In waste-storing areas 78 Breaking containers 76 Not mentioned A leak or explosion Conclusion Separately, not a great 79 for worry;
17、80 , very possible 答案： 71.Dangers 72. energy 73.argument 74. results 75.road or rail 76.at power station 77.containers 78.earthquake 79.cause 80. together SECTION C Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context. People gather on a street
18、 of downtown Santiago after an earthquake February 27, 2010. A powerful 8.8-magnitude（级） earthquake that shook Chile on Saturday killed at least 64 people, knocking _48_ homes and hospitals, and triggering（引发） a tsunami (海啸 ). Buildings caught fire and residents huddled（挤） in streets covered with gl
19、ass and bricks , many terrified by powerful aftershocks and desperately trying to call friends and family. President Michelle Bachelet said that there were 78 confirmed deaths and that _49_ were possible. Telephone and power lines were down, making it _50_ to assess the full extent of the damage clo
20、se to the epicenter (震中 ). Chile is the worlds No. 1 copper producer, and the quake halted operations at two major mines near the capital.Never in my life have I experienced _51_ quake like this, its like the end of the world, one man told local television from the city of Temuco, _52_ the quake dam
21、aged homes and forced staff to evacuate (撤离 ) the regional hospital. The U.S. Geological Survey said the earthquake struck 56 miles northeast of the city of Concepcion _53_ a depth of 22 miles at 3:34 a.m. (1:34 a.m. EST). The capital Santiago, about 200 miles north of the epicenter, was also badly
22、hit. The international airport was forced to close _54_ the quake destroyed passenger walkways and shook glass out of doors and windows. Local television showed a building in flames in Concepcion _55_ said some residents looted (劫掠 ) medicine shops and other businesses in the chaos. 答案： 48. down 49.
23、 more 50. difficult 51. a 52. where 53. at 54. as / because/since 55. And 单项选择 * PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE SECTION A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 21 It was not _ he took off
24、 his dark glasses _ I realized he was Liu Xiang. A when; that B until; when C when; then D until; that 答案： D 35 Fortunately we had a compass, without_we would have got lost. A which B it C that D what 答案： A 34 Terrible as the storm was, umbrellas tightly_in our hands , we continued our way. A to hol
25、d B holding C were held D held 答案： D 33 Is it all right if I come at about 8.30 No, I _ the football match then. A watch B will be watching C are watching D Watched 答案： B 32 He was very busy, and_he didnt go to the party that night. A however B otherwise C therefore D Anyhow 答案： C 31 America was_was
26、 first called “India” by Columbus. A what B where C which D That 答案： A 30 It seems water_from the ceiling for some time . Well have to climb to the roof with a ladder. A leaked B is leaking C leaks D has been leaking 答案： D 29 To pass the exam, Li Hua had a busy week _ to the radio and the tape. A to
27、 listen B listened C listening D Listen 答案： C 22 My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it. A was missing B missed C had missed D will miss 答案： B 23 Sorry, Im late. Thats OK. Youre here and thats what_. A counting B to count C be counted D Counts 答案： D 24 Guess what! I have got
28、 A for my term paper. Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A must B should C must have D should have 答案： C 25 His suggestion_to see the film Avatar interested every one of us. A that we go B which we should go C that we would go D we should go 答案： A 26 Im going to Shanghai tomorro
29、w. Do you have anything_to your son, Mr Wang No, thank you anyway. A taking B to be taken C taken D to take 答案： B 27 They had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so they wanted to have _ one this month. A other B the other C another D More 答案： C 28 With so much work _ with , I doubt if I sh
30、all have time to visit you. A to deal B dealing C dealt D having dealt 答案： A 完型填空 SECTION B Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. There are between 3000 and 6000
31、 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 _36_ private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. _37_ these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do _38_ successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak l
32、anguages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very _39_ process. For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association. _40_, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, _41_ the mother
33、and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, _42_ that although children do learn some _43_ by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they
34、have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the _44_ to learn language. Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it _45_ for us, as infants, to learn any language in the
35、world. This _46_ explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children _47_ use language in particular ways. 36. A. million B. trillion C. thousand D. billion 37. A. Supposing B. Given C. Considering D. Taken 38. A. speak B. tell C. learn D
36、. communicate 39. A. various B. mysterious C. famous D. obvious 40. A. For example B. Such as C. Like this D. That is 41. A. understands B. imitates C. loves D. attaches 42. A. pointed at B. pointed to C. pointed out D. point off 43. A. words B. sentences C. paragraphs D.passages 44. A. right B. abi
37、lity C. power D. force 45. A. certain B. impossible C. possible D. successful 46. A. imagination B. fiction C. invention D. theory 47. A. come to B. become to C. go to D. used to 答案： 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. A 阅读理解 PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION Directi
38、ons: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage. A Building after building under water Refugees
39、in shelters Thousands of others unsure where to go Bodies in streets This is what one of Americas historic cities was reduced to this week by a powerful storm, Katrina The mayor of New Orleans says thousands may be dead Hurricane Katrina also caused death and destruction in parts of Mississippi and
40、Alabama along the Gulf of Mexico New Orleans is famous for its wild Mardi Gras celebrations New Orleans is also a major port for foreign oil and other shipping trade Yet the city of nearly five hundred thousand people was built below sea level New Orleans has depended on levees to control floods fro
41、m the Mississippi River Katrina struck on Monday New Orleans avoided a direct hit But two of the levees failed the next day Most of the city was flooded Helicopters dropped huge sandbags to fill the breaks But the water had no place to go Pumping stations had no power America faces one of the worst
42、natural events in its history President Bush says the recovery will take years People were told to leave the path of the storm But some would not or could not Many of those worst affected by Katrina are poor and black African-American leaders and others were angry that government aid did not arrive
43、faster President Bush visited some of the damaged areas on Friday He said the way officials reacted to the crisis was unacceptable 56 Which is true of the following details about New Orleans A New Orleans is a newly-built city of America B There were no black people in New Orleans C This is the firs
44、t time that hurricane has stricken it D Its a port for foreign oil and other shipping trade 57 What does the underlined word “levees” (in the second paragraph) mean A dams B trees C ports D ships 58 Which is right about the Hurricane Katrina A It also caused the destruction in parts of Mississippi B
45、 A lot of people died in this disaster C It cut off the electricity supply of the city D All of the above is right 59 What can we learn from the text A President Bush was not concerned about this disaster B The recovery of the city will take a few days C In this city there were no pump stations D In
46、 this disaster the government aid didnt arrive in time 60. What kind of attitude does the author have toward the government A. appreciative B. optimistic C. depreciative D. humorous 答案： 56-60 DADDC B Riding School: You can start horse-riding at any age. Choose private or group lessons any weekday be
47、tween 9 a.m. and 8:30 p.m. (3:30 p.m. on Saturdays). There are 10 kilometres of tracks and paths for leisurely rides across farmland and open country. You will need a riding hat. Opening Hours: Monday through Friday:9:00 a.m. 8:30p.m. Phone: (412) 396-6754 Fax: (412) 396-6752 Sailing Club: Our Young Sailors Course leads to the Stage Sailing qualification. Youll learn how to sail safely and the course also covers sailing theory and first aid. Have fun with other course members afterwards in the clubroom. There are 10 weekly two-hour lessons (Tuesdays 6p.m. 8p.m.) Opening H
