1、Designation: F2517 17Standard Specification forDetermination of Child Resistance of Portable FuelContainers for Consumer Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2517; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes recognized requirementsfor determining the child resistance of portable ga
3、soline,kerosene, and diesel containers intended for use by consumers.This specification does not cover single-trip prepackagedcontainers.1.1.1 “Containers” as defined herein means the receptaclefor gasoline, kerosene, or diesel fuel, including its spouts,retrofit spouts, caps and other closure mecha
4、nisms and com-ponents intended for use by consumers. If any such spout,retrofit spout, cap or other closure mechanism is sold sepa-rately for use with or on portable gasoline, kerosene, or dieselreceptacles, it must be designed to and function in compliancewith this specification when installed on a
5、ny such receptacle.1.2 This specification includes gas/oil mixtures as com-monly used for two-cycle engines.1.3 This specification includes single- and multi-compartment containers.1.4 This standard addresses the effectiveness of the childresistance (CR) device only after closure cycling, but does n
6、otaddress closure effectiveness:1.4.1 When at high or low temperatures,1.4.2 After thermal aging of polymers,1.4.3 After exposure to sunlight,1.4.4 After exposure to intended fuels, and1.4.5 After physical abuses, such as drops or impacts.NOTE 1Please see Appendix X2 for additional information on th
7、eseexemptions.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns
8、, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with inte
9、rnationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F852
10、 Specification for Portable Gasoline Containers forConsumer Use (Withdrawn 2017)3F976 Specification for Portable Kerosene and Diesel Con-tainers for Consumer Use (Withdrawn 2017)32.2 CARB Documents:4CP-501 Certification Procedure 501 For Portable Fuel Con-tainers And Spill-Proof SpoutsTP-501 Test Pr
11、ocedure for Determining Integrity of Spill-Proof Spouts and Spill-Proof SystemsTP-502 Test Procedure for Determining Diurnal Emissionsfrom Portable Fuel Containers2.3 Other Document:40 CFR 59.623 What must I include in my application?53. Requirements3.1 General Requirements:3.1.1 Containers and clos
12、ures shall first meet all require-ments of Specifications F852 and F976 where applicable, andalso those feasible and appropriate test requirements of CARBCP-501, TP-501, TP-502, and EPARegulation 40 CFR 59.623,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products an
13、d is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.10 onStandards for Flammable Liquid Containers.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2517 15. DOI:10.1520/F2517-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
14、 the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available fro
15、m California Air Resources Board, 1001 “I” Street, Sacramento,CA 95814, http:/www.arb.ca.gov.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
16、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendatio
17、ns issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1capable of being adapted to portable fuel containers having CRclosures, including ultraviolet (UV) exposure (5.13.1) andimmersion (5.11) tests of the closures.3.1.2 Containers, components, and closures shall be ne
18、wwith container one-quarter full of water for testing in accor-dance with Sections 4 and 5.3.1.3 Individual containers, closed with closures shall betested as described in Section 4 after having been subjected, insequence, to:3.1.3.1 Low-temperature exposure at 0F (17.8C) for 8 h.3.1.3.2 Elevated te
19、mperature exposure at 140F (60C) for 8h.3.1.3.3 Opening and closing of each closure for 250 cycles.3.1.4 Containers shall then be inverted and inspected visu-ally before and after testing to determine any leakage. Con-tainers indicating leakage shall not be used in further testing.3.1.5 Containers t
20、ested by the methods described in Sec-tions 4 and 5 shall meet the following specifications:3.1.5.1 Child-resistant effectiveness for each and everyclosure on a container of not less than 85 %, without ademonstration, and not less than 80 % after a demonstration, ofthe proper means of opening when 2
21、00 children are tested perclosure.3.1.5.2 Senior Adult TestContainers shall have a senioradult-use effectiveness (SAUE) of not less than 90 % for thesenior adult panel test of Section 5 for all closures of thecontainer.4. Test Procedure4.1 General:4.1.1 For testing in accordance with Section 4, cont
22、ainerswith multiple closures shall have each closure accessible at thesame time as would be the likely scenario that a child wouldencounter the closure.4.1.1.1 However, for each closure, test using a panel of atleast 50 children, and up to 200 children, using a demonstrationfor that closure.4.1.1.2
23、If the container is stored in a different configurationthan when it is being used, test with a child panel for eachconfiguration in which it is possible the package will beencountered. (For example, if the spout is stored in thecontainer and then the spout is attached for use, test it oncewith the s
24、pout out and once with the spout in, with thedemonstration appropriate for that configuration.)4.1.1.3 A failure shall be accessing the liquid using any ofthe openings, regardless of which opening was demonstrated.4.1.2 Reclosable containers, if assembled by the testingagency, shall be properly secu
25、red at least 72 h before beginningthe test to allow the materials (for example, the closure liner)to “take a set.” Torque-dependent closures shall be secured atthe same torque as applied normally by adult consumers. Thetorque value shall be recorded. Document the method to arriveat the torque value.
26、4.1.3 All containers shall be handled so that no damage orjarring will occur during storage or transportation.4.1.4 The containers shall be tested at room temperature (236 3C).4.2 Child-Resistant Test (Test Subjects/Selection Criteria):4.2.1 Use from 1 to 4 groups of 50 children, as requiredunder th
27、e sequential testing criteria in Table 1. Consent shall bedocumented for each child participating in the testing, at thechild or site level. If the testing is conducted at a centrallocation, a consent form (Appendix X4) shall be completed foreach child participating in the testing.4.2.2 No more than
28、 20 % of the children tested for eachclosure shall be tested at one site. To assure geographicaldiversity if testing is completed at a central location, no morethan 20 % of the children shall be drawn from a single ZIPcode, city, or town.4.2.3 Each group of children shall be randomly selected asto a
29、ge, subject to the limitations set forth below.4.2.4 Thirty percent of the children in each group shall be ofage 42 to 44 months, 40 % of the children in each group shallbe of age 45 to 48 months, and 30 % of the children in eachgroup shall be of age 49 to 51 months.4.2.5 The childrens ages in month
30、s shall be calculated asfollows:4.2.5.1 Arrange the birth date and test date by the numericaldesignations for month, day, and year (for example, test date:8/3/1990; birth date: 6/23/1986).4.2.5.2 Subtract the month, day, and year numbers for thebirth date from the respective numbers for the test dat
31、e. It ispossible that this will result in negative numbers for the monthsor days.4.2.5.3 Multiply the difference in years by 12 to obtain thenumber of months in the difference in years and add this valueto the number of months that was obtained when the birth datewas subtracted from the test date (t
32、hat is,412=48;48+2= 50). This figure either will remain the same or be adjusted upor down by one month, depending on the number of daysobtained in the subtraction of the birth date from the test date.4.2.5.4 If the number of days obtained by subtracting thedays in the birth date from the days in the
33、 test date is +16 ormore, one month is added to the number of months obtainedabove. If the number of days is 16 or less, subtract l month.TABLE 1 Number of Closure Openings: Acceptance (Pass), Continue Testing, and Rejection (Fail) Criteria for the First 5 min and theFull 10 min of the Childrens Pro
34、tocol TestTestPanelCumulativeNumber ofChildrenClosure OpeningsFirst 5 min Full 10 minPass Continue Fail Pass Continue Fail1 50 03 410 11+ 05 614 15+2 100 410 1118 19+ 615 1624 25+3 150 1118 1925 26+ 1625 2634 35+4 200 1930 31+ 2640 41+F2517 172If the number of days is between 15 and +15 inclusive, n
35、ochange is made in the number of months.Thus, for the examplegiven above, the number of days is 20 and the number ofmonths is therefore 501=49months.4.2.5.5 The difference between the number of boys and thenumber of girls in each age range shall not exceed 10 % of thenumber of children in that range
36、. Select children without anobvious or overt physical or mental handicap.4.3 Child-Resistant Tests (Test Failures)A test failureshall be any child who opens the closure or gains access to thecontainers contents.4.4 Sequential TestThe sequential test is initially con-ducted using 50 children, and dep
37、ending on the results, thecriteria in Table 1 determines whether the container is eitherchild resistant or not child resistant or whether further testingis required. Further testing is required if the results areinconclusive and involves the use of one or more additionalgroups of 50 children each, u
38、p to a maximum of 200 children.No individual shall administer the test to more than 30 % of thechildren tested in each group. Table 1 gives the acceptance(pass), continue testing, and rejection (fail) criteria to be usedfor the first 5 min and the full 10 min of the childrens test. Ifthe test contin
39、ues past the initial 50-child panel, the containeropenings shown in Table 1 are cumulative.4.5 Test ProceduresThe children shall be divided intogroups of two. The testing shall be done in a location that isfamiliar to the children, for example, their customary nurseryschool. No child shall test more
40、 than two closures. When morethan one closure is being tested, each closure shall bedissimilar, and they shall be presented to the paired children inrandom order. This order shall be recorded. The children shallbe tested by the procedure incorporated in the following testinstructions:4.5.1 Alternati
41、vely, testing at a central location after thechildren are made comfortable in that location shall be al-lowed.4.6 Detailed Standardized Child Test Instructions:4.6.1 The children shall have no overt physical or mentalhandicaps. No child with a permanent or temporary illness,injury, or handicap that
42、would interfere with his/her effectiveparticipation shall be included in the test.4.6.2 The testing shall take place in a well-lit location that isor becomes familiar to the children and is isolated from alldistractions.4.6.3 The tester, or another adult, shall escort a pair ofchildren to the test a
43、rea. The tester shall seat the two childrenso that there is no visual barrier between the children and thetester.4.6.4 The tester shall talk to the children to make them feelat ease.4.6.5 The children shall not be given the impression thatthey are in a race or contest. They are not to be told that t
44、he testis a game or that it is fun. They are not to be offered a reward.4.6.6 The tester shall record all data before, or after, the testso that full attention can be on the children during the testperiod.4.6.7 The tester shall use a stopwatch(s) or other timingdevices to time the number of seconds
45、it takes the child to openthe container and to time the 5-min test periods.4.6.8 To begin the test, the tester shall hand the childrenidentical containers, indicate by gesture which opening is beingtested and say, “Please try to open this for me or to get theliquid out.”4.6.9 If a child refuses to p
46、articipate after the test hasstarted, the tester shall reassure the child and gently encouragethe child to try. If the child continues to refuse, the tester shallask the child to hold the container in his/her lap until the otherchild is finished. This pair of children shall not be eliminatedfrom the
47、 results unless the refusing child disrupts the partici-pation of the other child.4.6.10 Each child shall be given up to 5 min to open his/hercontainer. The tester shall watch the children at all times duringthe test. The tester shall minimize conversation with thechildren as long as they continue t
48、o attempt to open theircontainers. The tester shall not discourage the children verballyor with facial expressions. If a child gets frustrated or boredand stops trying to open his/her container, the tester shallreassure the child and gently encourage the child to keep trying(for example, “Please kee
49、p trying to open this for me or to getthe liquid out”).4.6.11 The children shall be allowed freedom of movementto work on their containers as long as the tester can watch bothchildren (for example, they can stand up, get down on the floor,or bang or pry the package).4.6.12 If a child is endangering himself or others at anytime, the test shall be stopped and the pair of childreneliminated from the final results.4.6.13 The children shall be allowed to talk to each otherabout opening the containers and shall be allowed to watcheach other try to open
