1、BRITISH STANDARD MARINE SERIES CONFIRMED JULY1999 BS MA 97:1984 ISO6812:1983 Specification for Roll on/Roll off ship-to-shore connection: interface between terminals and ships with straight stern/bow ramps UDC 629.12.046BSMA97:1984 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the
2、 Shipbuilding andMarine Standards Committee, was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes intoeffecton 31August1984 BSI02-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SME/15 Draft for comment82/74948 DC ISBN 0 580 13938 7 Committees respo
3、nsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted by the Shipbuilding and Marine Standards Committee (SME/-) to Technical Committee SME/15 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Transport Docks Board General Council of British Shipping Internati
4、onal Cargo Handling Co-ordination Association (ICHCA) Independent Ferry Operators Co-opted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBSMA97:1984 BSI 02-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope and fi
5、eld of application 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Variation of water level 3 4 Shore ramps 3 5 Ship ramps 8 Figure 1 Flap 1 Figure 2 Interface limit line 2 Figure 3 Fixed shore ramp 2 Figure 4 Adjustable shore ramp 2 Figure 5 Threshold height 4 Figure 6 Angles of transition between running surfaces 5 Figure 7
6、Fixed shore ramp class A 6 Figure 8 Fixed shore ramp class B 6 Figure 9 Adjustable shore ramp Height above water 7 Figure 10 Adjustable shore ramp Outer end 7 Figure 11 Adjustable shore ramp Profile 8BSMA97:1984 ii BSI 02-2000 National foreword This BritishStandard has been prepared under the direct
7、ion of the Shipbuilding and Marine Standards Committee and is identical with ISO6812:1983 “Roll on/Roll off ship-to-shore connection Interface between terminals and ships with straight stern/bow ramps” published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In addition to the contribu
8、tion to the work on this standard by the organizations listed on the inside front cover, recognition of that provided by the Felixstowe Dock and Railway Company and Posford, Pavry and Partners is acknowledged. Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as s
9、uitable for publication as a BritishStandard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in BritishStandards; attention is drawn especially to the following. The comma has been used as a decimal marker. In BritishStandards it is current practice to u
10、se a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. Where the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “BritishStandard”. NOTEUsers of this BritishStandard Marine Series should note that, while observing the requirements of the standard, they shoul
11、d ensure that they comply with such statutory requirements, rules and regulations as may be applicable to the individual vessel concerned. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applicati
12、on. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to8 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments
13、incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BSMA97:1984 BSI 02-2000 1 0 Introduction The aim of this International Standard is to harmonize the interface between the terminal and ship, and to lay down certain major dimensions and principles of design concern
14、ing the Roll on/Roll off ship-to-shore connection. Not all existing ships will be able to comply with the requirements of certain clauses in this International Standard. Port Authorities are advised, for an interim period, to take account of the need to accommodate ships that do not comply entirely
15、with the requirements of this International Standard. To make full use of this International Standard, a Port Authority needs to make a thorough investigation as to the class of ramp required to suit the types of ship expected. If only one fixed shore ramp is to be installed, and no clear indication
16、 emerges of the class of ramp to be chosen, a class A fixed shore ramp may offer the best solution. The class A ramp could then be equipped with removable blocks or other means of making it possible to accommodate ships equipped with a ramp that will not reach down to the level of a class A ramp. Al
17、though this International Standard does not take into account Ro/Ro terminals used in specialized ferry services, Port Authorities are advised to consider this International Standard when building such terminals, to avoid expensive alterations later, if the terminal is then opened to other ships. NO
18、TEUsers of this International Standard should note that while observing the requirements of the standard, they should at the same time ensure compliance with such statutory requirements, rules and regulations as may be applicable. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifie
19、s requirements and makes recommendations for the Ro/Ro ship-to-terminal interface for ships with a stern and/or bow ramp, the centreline of which is parallel to the centreline of the ship. It does not apply to Ro/Ro terminals used for specialized ferry services, such as train ferries, and ships that
20、 have no ramp of their own. 2 Definitions For the purpose of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 General 2.1.1 Ro/Ro transport a mode of marine transport in which the cargo may be loaded into and unloaded from the ship by essentially horizontal movements, every cargo un
21、it being moved on its own wheels or by a temporary mobile system 2.1.2 flap an extension, normally hinged to the free end of a ramp, to give transition between running surfaces (see Figure 1) 2.2 Shore 2.2.1 Ro/Ro terminal port facilities designed to accept Ro/Ro ships under defined conditions of wa
22、ter level and ship loading, so as to permit cargo handling by a rolling movement. Terminals may include one or more Ro/Ro berths at which Ro/Ro ships can be moored; such berths include fixed and/or adjustable shore ramps 2.2.2 interface limit line the line that defines the safe minimum distance betw
23、een the seaward end of the ship ramp landing area and the outer face of the shore ramp (seeFigure 2) 2.2.3 fixed shore ramp the fixed incline between the normal quay surface and the outer face of the quay wall on which the shore end of a ship ramp can rest (see Figure 3) Figure 1 FlapBSMA97:1984 2 B
24、SI 02-2000 2.2.4 adjustable shore ramp the vertically adjustable roadway, usually hinged at the inshore end and supported independently of the ship near the outer end, that provides an intermediate connection between the shore and the ship and on which the shore end of a ship ramp can rest (see Figu
25、re 4) 2.2.5 normal water level variation the variation of the water level within which operations are possible NOTENormal variation of the water level has to be considered by the port authority for each installation. Water levels between which operations are possible should be considered with regard
26、 to what is practical and economic in each case. Excessive peak variations of the water level can be disregarded where they do not normally have any practical influence on the traffic. Figure 2 Interface limit line Figure 3 Fixed shore ramp Figure 4 Adjustable shore rampBSMA97:1984 BSI 02-2000 3 2.2
27、.6 high normal water level the high water level at which operations can be carried out NOTESee the note in2.2.5. 2.2.7 low normal water level the low water level at which operations can be carried out NOTESee the note in2.2.5. 2.3 Ships 2.3.1 Ro/Ro ships ships provided with access openings that perm
28、it cargo units to be loaded and unloaded by a rolling movement, every cargo unit being moved on its own wheels or by a temporary mobile system 2.3.2 ship ramp the adjustable structure fitted to the ship that when lowered to and resting on the shore approach forms the connecting roadway between the s
29、hip and the shore ramp or the quay 2.3.3 threshold height the height of the vehicle deck above the water at the ship end of the ramp at the stern or bow door opening (see Figure 5) 3 Variation of water level 3.1 Water level variation up to1,5m Where the normal water level variation at a berth does n
30、ot exceed1,5m, a fixed shore ramp as detailed in clause4 is suitable for use in conjunction with the ramp of a ship as detailed in clause5. 3.2 Water level variation in excess of1,5m Terminals with a normal water level variation greater than1,5m shall provide shore facilities, such as an adjustable
31、shore ramp, pontoon or the like, with a range of movement that reduces the net water level variation with respect to the shore ramp to not greater than1,5m. Special requirements of some existing ships may increase the amount of movement required in the adjustable shore ramps(see4.2.1). 4 Shore ramps
32、 4.1 General 4.1.1 Interface and ramp landing area The interface limit line with the ship ramp shall be not less than1m shorewards of the shore ramp face line (see Figure 7, Figure 8 andFigure 11). There shall be no permanent obstacles within the ship ramp landing area or seawards of the interface l
33、imit line (see also Figure 10). It is possible that ships with long ramps may be berthed, under certain circumstances, such that the outer end of the ship ramp lands further up the ramp than the area indicated in Figure 7 and Figure 8 by “ship ramp landing area”. 4.1.2 Outer face The shore ramp shal
34、l be so constructed that a ship may lie in close proximity to its outer face. There shall be no obstacles seawards of a vertical plane through this face line. 4.1.3 Roadway width The roadway should have a minimum clear width of9m if the ramp is to be used for two-lane operations and for diverse carg
35、o handling operations, for example handling20ft (series1C) containers by fork lift trucks. For single-lane operations using road vehicles or trailers, a minimum clear width of5m is recommended. 4.1.4 Clear height The clear height should be a minimum of8m above the ramp surface, allowing for the effe
36、ct of changes of gradient. NOTEThis clear height may have to be modified if provision is made for double-deck shore ramp facilities. 4.1.5 Design loadings The shore ramps shall be designed for loads that comply with the local road regulations, as well as the road regulations of countries from/to whi
37、ch traffic is expected, and at the same time take the tare weight imposed by the ship ramp. Additionally, the design shall allow for loads that represent the weight of cargo and cargo handling equipment expected to be operated over the ramps. NOTEWheel and axle loadings imparted by some types of car
38、go handling equipment are exceptionally high. 4.1.6 Pedestrian access Pedestrians should embark/disembark by a means other than ship ramp/shore ramp. If this is not possible, due to the situation of the berth, pedestrian access shall be segregated from vehicular traffic by adequate safety barriers o
39、r other means in accordance with national regulations.BSMA97:1984 4 BSI 02-2000 4.1.7 Ramp roadway surfaces The ramp roadway surface shall be designed and constructed to ensure adequate adhesion for traction in all operational conditions. 4.1.8 Mooring To prevent separation of the ship ramp from the
40、 shore ramp due to sudden external forces, conveniently placed mooring points shall be provided. 4.1.9 Changes of gradient in transition between running surfaces Changes of gradient in the transition between running surfaces, and the combined slopes over short humps, etc. shall be given due consider
41、ation in relation to ground clearance, wheelbase and projection of vehicles and handling equipment. The gradients specified in this International Standard for shore and ship ramps give recommendations for angles in the transition between the ramps in accordance with Figure 6 a), Figure 6 b) and Figu
42、re 6 c); they are the maxima that can be recommended to ensure a smooth cargo flow. 4.2 Fixed shore ramp 4.2.1 Classes of ramp To accommodate ships with low and high threshold heights when the normal water level variation is1,5m, two classes of fixed shore ramp, A and B, are required. When the norma
43、l water level variation is less than1,5m, it becomes possible to accommodate the required heights by ramps having heights other than those for classes A and B, thus permitting some flexibility to Port Authorities when constructing fixed shore ramps. Depending on the water level variations and the ra
44、nge of ships expected to use the port, it may be possible for a Port Authority to use only one fixed ramp of a height intermediate to classes A and B (see also clause0). The ranges of height above water level for the two ramps have been chosen so that they overlap each other by0,25m in the area of l
45、ow normal water level for class A ramps and high normal water level for class B ramps. When the total water level variation is less than0,25m, it will be sufficient to provide one type of ramp designed to meet both classA and B ramp requirements. 4.2.2 Class A Class A comprises fixed shore ramps for
46、 ships whose outer end of the ship ramp can reach levels of0,25 to1,75m above the water line in all loaded conditions. Class A fixed shore ramps shall have a height, at the interface limit line with the ship ramp, of not more than1,75m above the low normal water level and not less than0,25m above th
47、e high normal water level (see Figure 7). 4.2.3 Class B Class B comprises fixed shore ramps for ships whose outer end of the ship ramp can reach levels of1,5 to3,0m above the water line in all loaded conditions. Class B fixed shore ramps shall have a height, at the interface limit line with the ship
48、 ramp, of not more than3,0m above the low normal water level and not less than1,5m above the high normal water level (see Figure 8). Figure 5 Threshold heightBSMA97:1984 BSI 02-2000 5 4.2.4 Clear width The clear width of a fixed shore ramp shall be32m or equal to the beam of the largest ship which i
49、s expected to call at the terminal. 4.2.5 Gradient and profile The gradient of a fixed shore ramp shorewards of the ship ramp normal landing area shall be limited in normal circumstances to10% for the section of the ramp over which cargo is moved. For the longitudinal profile of a fixed shore ramp, see Figure 7 and Figure 8. 4.2.6 Inner side The inner side of the fixed shore ramp shall be aligned with the side fender line. 4.3 Adjustable shore ramp 4.3.1 Height above water It shall be possible to maintain the outer end of the adjustable shore
