1、BSI Standards Publication Systems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) Part 3-4: Autonomy-based improvement method PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015. The UK participation i
2、n its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/15, Software and systems engineering. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respo
3、nsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 86186 4 ICS 35.080 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Sta
4、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015Systems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs) Part 3-4: Autonomy-based improvement method Ing
5、nierie des systmes et du logiciel Profils de cycle de vie pour trs petits organismes (TPO) Partie 3-4: Guide pour la mthode damlioration fonde sur lautonomie TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4 First edition 2015-10-15 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 ii ISO/IEC 2015 All
6、rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the in
7、ternet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Te l . + 4 1 2 2 7 4 9 0 1 1 1 Fax +41 2
8、2 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E) PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E) Foreword .iv Introduction .v 1 Scope 1 1.1 Fields of application . 1 1.2 Ta r g e t a u d i e n c e 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Te r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 2 4 C
9、onventions and abbreviated terms . 2 4.1 Naming, diagramming, and definition conventions 2 4.2 Abbreviated terms . 2 5 Process improvement context for VSEs 2 5.1 Considerations of related standards for VSEs 2 5.2 Rationale of the process improvement for VSEs 2 6 Process improvement approach for VSEs
10、 3 7 Characteristics for autonomy-based approach 4 7.1 General . 4 7.2 Autonomy 4 7.3 Conciseness and easiness to understand . 4 7.4 Low cost, quick cycle and controllable . 4 7.5 Confidence of effectiveness and necessity 4 7.6 Communication with stakeholders and communities 4 8 Framework of process
11、 improvement . 5 8.1 Initiation of improvement . 5 8.2 Activities of improvement . 5 8.2.1 Activity 1: Awareness of process problems 5 8.2.2 Activity 2: Analysis of problems and their relationships 5 8.2.3 Activity 3: Analysis of the root cause of problems 5 8.2.4 Activity 4: Identification of a pro
12、cess or processes relating to the root cause . 5 8.2.5 Activity 5: Clarification of the fundamental purpose, outcomes, and practices of the process 5 8.2.6 Activity 6: Study on best practices on the process . 6 8.2.7 Activity 7: Develop improvements to eliminate or mitigate problems . 6 8.2.8 Activi
13、ty 8: Evaluate the improvement plan for feasibility and impact 6 8.3 Continuous improvement cycle 6 8.4 Improved communication and agreement 6 8.5 Competency for improvement . 7 8.6 Enhancement tools for improvement 7 8.7 Preparation or selection of a VSE profile . 7 9 Improvement means growth and i
14、nnovation 7 Annex A (informative) Example: SPINA 3 CH method for the basic profile 8 Annex B (informative) Adapting various profiles with the SPINA 3 CH method 20 Bibliography 22 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E) Foreword ISO
15、(the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committee
16、s established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
17、 In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria
18、 needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
19、rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name
20、 used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technica
21、l Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Software and systems engineering. The full list of parts of ISO/IEC 29110 is available here. iv ISO/IEC 2015
22、All rights reserved PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E) Introduction Ver y Small Entities ( VSEs) around the world are creating valuable product s and ser vices. For the purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 29110, a Very Small Entity (VSE) is an enterprise, an organization, a departm
23、ent or a project having up to 25 people. Since many VSEs develop and/or maintain system and software components used in systems, either as independent products or incorporated in larger systems, recognition of VSEs as suppliers of high quality products is required. According to the Organization for
24、Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook report (2005), “Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the dominant form of business organization in all countries world-wide, accounting for over 95 % and up to 99 % of the business population depending on country
25、”. The challenge facing governments and economies is to provide a business environment that supports the competitiveness of this large heterogeneous business population and that promotes a vibrant entrepreneurial culture. From studies and surveys conducted, it is clear that the majority of Internati
26、onal Standards do not address the needs of VSEs. Implementation of and conformance with these standards is difficult, if not impossible. Consequently VSEs, have no, or very limited, ways to be recognized as entities that produce quality systems/system elements including software in their domain. The
27、refore, VSEs are excluded from some economic activities. It has been found that VSEs find it difficult to relate International Standards to their business needs and to justify the effort required to apply standards to their business practices. Most VSEs can neither afford the resources, in terms of
28、number of employees, expertise, budget and time, nor do they see a net benefit in establishing over-complex systems or software lifecycle processes. To address some of these difficulties, a set of guides has been developed based on a set of VSE characteristics. The guides are based on subsets of app
29、ropriate standards processes, activities, tasks, and outcomes, referred to as Profiles. The purpose of a profile is to define a subset of International Standards relevant to the VSEs context; for example, processes, activities, tasks, and outcomes of ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 for software; and processes, a
30、ctivities, tasks, and outcomes of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 for systems; and information products (documentation) of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289 for software and systems. VSEs can achieve recognition through implementing a profile and by being audited against ISO/IEC 29110 specifications. The ISO/IEC 29110 series o
31、f International Standard and Technical Reports can be applied at any phase of system or software development within a lifecycle. ISO/IEC 29110 (all parts) is intended to be used by VSEs that do not have experience or expertise in adapting/tailoring ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 or ISO/IEC/ IEEE 15288 standards
32、 to the needs of a specific project. VSEs that have expertise in adapting/tailoring ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207 or ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 are encouraged to use those standards instead of ISO/IEC 29110. ISO/IEC 29110 is intended to be used with any lifecycle such as: waterfall, iterative, incremental, evolutionar
33、y or agile. The ISO/IEC 29110 series, targeted by audience, has been developed to improve system or software and/or service quality, and process performance (see Table 1). ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved v PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E) Table 1 ISO/IEC 29110 target audienc
34、e ISO/IEC 29110 Title Target audience Part 1 Overview VSEs and their customers, assessors, standards producers, tool vendors and methodology vendors. Part 2 Framework Profile producers, tool vendors and methodology vendors. Not intended for VSEs. Part 3 Assessment guidance VSEs and their customers,
35、assessors, accreditation bodies. Part 4 Profile specifications VSEs, customers, standards producers, tool vendors and methodology vendors. Part 5 Management and engineering guide VSEs and their customers. If a new profile is needed, ISO/IEC 29110-4 and ISO/IEC TR 29110-5 can be developed with minima
36、l impact to existing documents. ISO/IEC TR 29110-1 defines the terms common to the ISO/IEC 29110 series. It introduces processes, lifecycle and standardization concepts, the taxonomy (catalogue) of ISO/IEC 29110 profiles and the ISO/IEC 29110 series. It also introduces the characteristics and needs
37、of a VSE, and clarifies the rationale for specific profiles and International Standards. ISO/IEC 29110-2 introduces the concepts for systems and software engineering profiles for VSEs. It establishes the logic behind the definition and application of profiles. For standardized profiles, it specifies
38、 the elements common to all profiles (structure, requirements, conformance, and assessment). For domain-specific profiles (profiles that are not standardized and developed outside of the ISO process), it provides general guidance adapted from the definition of standardized profiles. ISO/IEC 29110-3
39、defines certification schemes, assessment guidelines and compliance requirements for process capability assessment (ISO/IEC 33xxx), conformity assessments (ISO/IEC 17x x x), and self- assessments for process improvements. ISO/IEC 29110-3 also contains information that can be useful to developers of
40、certification and assessment methods and developers of certification and assessment tools. ISO/IEC 29110-3 is addressed to people who have direct involvement with the assessment process, e.g. the auditor, certification and accreditation bodies and the sponsor of the audit, who need guidance on ensur
41、ing that the requirements for performing an audit have been met. ISO/IEC 29110-4-m provides the specification for all profiles in one profile group that are based on subsets of appropriate standards elements. ISO/IEC TR 29110-5-m-n provides a management and engineering guide for each profile in one
42、profile group. ISO/IEC TR 29110-6-x provides management and engineering guides not tied to a specific profile. This part provides a guide for an autonomy-based improvement method for VSEs developing systems and/or software. Figure 1 describes the International Standards (IS) and Technical Reports (T
43、R) of ISO/IEC 29110 and positions the parts within the framework of reference. Overview, assessment guide, management and engineering guide are available from ISO as freely available Technical Reports (TR). The Framework document, profile specifications and certification schemes are published as Int
44、ernational Standards (IS). vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015(E) Figure 1 ISO/IEC 29110 series ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vii PD ISO/IEC TR 29110-3-4:2015Systems and software engineering Lifecycle profiles for Ve r y S m a l l E n t i t i
45、e s ( VS E s ) Part 3-4: Autonomy-based improvement method 1 Scope 1.1 Fields of application ISO/IEC 29110 series is applicable to Very Small Entities (VSEs). A VSE is an enterprise, an organization, a department or a project having up to 25 people. The lifecycle processes described in ISO/IEC 29110
46、 are not intended to preclude or discourage their use by organizations bigger than VSEs. The lifecycle processes defined in ISO/IEC 29110 can be used by VSEs when acquiring, using, creating, and supplying, a system or a software. They can be applied at any level in a system/softwares structure and a
47、t any stage in the lifecycle. The processes described in ISO/IEC 29110 are not intended to preclude or discourage the use of additional processes that VSEs find useful. The autonomy-based improvement method, described in this part of ISO/IEC 29110, provides a tool to improve the “way of work” (i.e.
48、a process) regarding systems and software development practically. This process includes defining a technological theme (objectives), the outcome regarding the theme, and implementing activities to steadily gain the outcome. This method can be used in various situations such as improvement tool for
49、development teams, self-training or self-check tool for engineers, and improvement tool for the VSE. This method expects practitioners self-help efforts and initiatives (both physically and mentally) to make the most of the predecessors knowledge, experience or assets, which are required. Therefore, this method encourages the utilization of the knowhow/knowledge through its available tools. Through this method, the practitioner is encouraged to generate ideas for improvement but a
