1、BSI Standards Publication Machine tools Practical guidance and example of risk assessment on electro-discharge machines PD ISO/TR 17529:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 17529:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Comm
2、ittee MTE/1, Machine tools, to Subcommittee MTE/1/1, Machine tools - Safety. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corre
3、ct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 85727 0 ICS 25.080.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and
4、 Strategy Committee on 30 November 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO 2014 Machine tools Practical guidance and example of risk assessment on electro-discharge machines Machines-outils Lignes directrices et apprciation du risque p
5、our les machines dlectro-rosion TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17529 Reference number ISO/TR 17529:2014(E) First edition 2014-11-15 PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this
6、 publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the
7、 country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E)Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Information
8、for the risk assessment . 1 2.1 General . 1 2.2 Hazard identification on EDM equipment and EDM systems during the life phases . 4 3 Hazar d identification . 8 4 Risk estimation, evaluation, and reduction 9 4.1 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 9 4.2 Protective measures and their verif
9、ication procedures 9 4.3 Information for use . 9 5 Risk estimation methods 10 5.1 General 10 5.2 Risk estimation according to ISO/TR 14121-2 10 5.3 Risk estimation according to ISO 13849-1 10 5.4 Risk estimation according to ISO 28881 11 5.5 Risk parameter .14 6 Example of risk assessment .16 Biblio
10、graphy .23 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out th
11、rough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collab
12、orates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approva
13、l criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the sub
14、ject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any tra
15、de name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the T
16、echnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 39, Machine tools, Subcommittee SC 10, Safety.iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E) Introduction This Technical Report
17、 gives additional guidance to the manufacturer to use ISO 28881 by showing a process of the risk assessment based on type A and B standards. Some documents (e.g. technical reports, guidelines) have already been published but they usually describe about the risk assessment only for machines or for co
18、ntrol systems. Manufacturers need guidance that covers both aspects of machines and control systems. This Technical Report deals with risk assessment for machine and control jointly, i.e. the result of the risk assessment carried out for significant hazards listed in ISO 28881:2013, Table 1, includi
19、ng the results of risk reduction by the protective measures described in ISO 28881:2013, Clauses 5 and 6 and the process of the selection of PL ras described in ISO 28881:2013, 5.2, are shown. This Technical Report, based on the following International Standards, is worked out in cooperation with JM
20、TBA (Japanese Machine Tool Builder Association) and ISO/TC 39/SC 10. ISO 28881; ISO 12100; ISO 13849-1; ISO/TR 14121-2. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 Machine tools Practical guidance and example of risk assessment on electro-discharge machines 1 Scope This Technical Report give
21、s practical guidance on conducting risk assessment for machinery in accordance with ISO 12100, ISO 13849-1, and ISO/TR 14121-2. It describes the method, tools, and examples used to generate ISO 28881, to reduce the risk of potential harm on EDM equipment and EDM systems by persons involved in the de
22、sign, installation, or modification of machinery (e.g. designers, technicians, safety specialists). 2 Information for the risk assessment 2.1 General The following points should be considered: specifications of the EDM equipment and EDM systems (For example of limits of the machinery, see Table 1.);
23、 type of machinery (For examples, see Figures 1 and 2.); hazards and associated hazardous situations; estimated risk for each identified hazard and hazardous situations including intended use and any reasonably foreseeable misuse; evaluation of the risk and making decisions about the need for risk r
24、eduction. Eliminate or reduce the risk by means of the three-step method in accordance with ISO 12100:2010, 6.1. step 1: inherently safe design measures; step 2: safeguarding and/or complementary protective measures; step 3: information for use. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17529:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rig
25、hts reserved 1 PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E) T a b l e 1 E x a m p l e o f s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f t h e E D M e q u i p m e n t a n d E D M s y s t e m s Items Wire EDM Sinker EDM EDM machine figure See Figure 1 See Figure 2 Power supplyInput voltageElectrical supply capacityCom
26、pressed air200 V a.c., three-phase 13,5 kVA 0,5 MPa to 0,7 MPa Equal to or more than 75 l/min200 V a.c., three-phase 13,0 kVA 0,6 MPa Machine weight 2 000 kg 5 000 kg GeneratorType of circuitsOutput voltageOutput currentTransistor pulse (energy retrieval type) 300 V 50 ATransistor pulse200 V 60 A Li
27、near axis (X, Y, Z)Stroke (mm)Output powerFeeding speedZ-axisX350 Y250 Z220 a.c. 0,6 kW 1 300 mm/min With brake Without balancerX300 Y200 Z200 a.c. 1,0 kW 5 000 mm/min With brake Without balancer Rotary axisOutput power Not applicable C-axis a.c. 0,5 kW ElectrodeSizeMax. weightWire diameter: 0,1 to
28、0,3 mm 10 kgNot specified 50 kg Automatic tool changerNumber of electrodesMax. weight per electrode Not applicable 1 spool 10 kg Applicable 30 electrodes 10 kg WorkpieceMax. sizeMax. weight800 600 215 mm 500 kg 650 450 195 mm 650 450 mm 800 kg Dielectric fluidMaterialContainer capacityWater 440 lOil
29、 with flash point more than 60 C 350 l Installation environmentTemperatureRelative humidity10 C to 35 C 35 % to 75 % (no condensation)10 C to 35 C 35 % to 75 % (no condensation)2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E) Key 1 shielded enclosure with door(s) 6 workpiece
30、2 wire supply spool 7 lower wire guide 3 wire electrode 8 upper wire guide 4 wire evacuation 9 interlocking guard 5 electrical cabinet (generator) 10 fix guards Figure 1 Example of wire cutting machine ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E) Key 1 local fire alarm 2
31、fire detection device 3 electrical cabinet (generator) 4 interlocking shielded guard 5 linear electrode changer Figure 2 Example of die sinking machine with linear electrode changer 2.2 Hazar d identificati on on EDM equipment a nd EDM s y st ems during the life phases 2.2.1 Whole life cy cle of the
32、 EDM equipment and EDM s y st ems The phases of the life cycle of the EDM equipment and EDM systems considered to be significant in this example are the following: transportation (including in-house transport and movement); assembly, installation, and commissioning; setting and operation; cleaning a
33、nd maintenance; fault finding and troubleshooting; removal, dismantling, and disposal.4 ISO 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E) 2.2.2 Space limits EDM equipment and EDM systems are assumed to be used in the industrial environment of the factory. EDM equipment and EDM s
34、ystems are assumed to be used in the environment without direct sunshine, dust, and water splash. EDM equipment and EDM systems are not assumed to be used in the atmosphere having fire or explosion hazard. Necessary area for all phases of the life cycle of the EDM equipment and EDM systems (i.e. ins
35、tallation, operation, maintenance, etc.) is assumed to be secured. However, concrete size is not specified here because it does not seem to be reasonable from the objective of this example. 2.2.3 Time limits This example describes only the aspects of time limits which should be generally determined
36、because it is not reasonable to specify concrete values here from the objective of this example. life of the machine; interval of inspection; interval of parts replacement; interval of cleaning and maintenance. 2.2.4 Use limits (intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse) Intended use and reason
37、ably foreseeable misuse of the EDM equipment and EDM systems should be considered in each phase of the life cycle. The EDM is assumed to be used by a person who is a trained operator, without visual or hearing impairment, without restrictions on physical ability of upper or lower limbs, or without u
38、sage of medical implants liable to be affected by electromagnetic radiation (e.g. pacemaker). See Table 2 for example of lifecycle and task in automatic, setting, and discharge alignment operation on EDM equipment and EDM systems. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5 PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014
39、(E) Table 2 The phases of lifecycle and tasks in automatic, setting, and discharge alignment operation Task, operator, and reasonably foreseeable misuse Automatic operation (machining) Description Wire EDM Sinker EDM (1) Automatic workpiece preparation measuring workpieces (vertical, parallel, edge,
40、 etc.) X X measuring workpieces (with high voltage) X X measuring workpieces (with low voltage) X X (2) Automatic electrode preparation connection of wire electrode X vertical wire alignment (adjusting by U-axis and V-axis) X clamping electrode (with automatic tool changer) X measuring electrodes (e
41、dge, centre, etc.) X (3) Making and verifying machining program programmed operation without electric discharge power X X (4) Tasks during processing starting process X X intervention during processing X X adjusting flushing pressure X adjusting flushing pressure (injection, suction) X monitoring pr
42、ocess condition X X adjusting machining conditions X X wire reconnection at break point X (5) Tasks after processing measuring workpieces (with high voltage) X X measuring workpieces (with low voltage) X X cutting wire electrode X (6) Automatic removal of core part preparation for cutting core part
43、X cutting core part X removing core part X Automatic operation is intended to be carried out by operators with appropriate knowledge and/or experience on the usage of machine and with full understand- ing of the instructions described in the information for use, and persons under the supervision of
44、such operators. Reasonably foreseeable misuses in the automatic operation are opening guards during programmed operation, starting programmed operation with guard open, and processing with inappropriate fluid level in work tank.6 ISO 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 17529:2014 ISO/TR 17529:2014(E)
45、 Task, operator, and reasonably foreseeable misuse Setting operation Description Wire EDM Sinker EDM (1) Confirmation of workpiece X X (2) Setting of workpiece workpiece setting (manual) X X axis feeding (manual) X X measuring workpieces (vertical, parallel, edge, etc.) X X measuring workpieces (wit
46、h low voltage) X X (3) Setting of electrode attaching wire electrode (spool) X installing wire electrode to rollers and connecting it X clamping electrode X transporting wire electrode X adjusting location of metal parts for power supply (energizing parts, in other words) X wire tension setting X ve
47、rtical wire alignment (adjusting by U-axis and V-axis) X adjusting inclination of electrode X measuring electrode (in case of EDM drilling, measuring residual electrode length) X correcting straightness of small tubular electrode (with spindle rotation of 1 000 min 1 ) X (4) Other setting nozzle dis
48、tance, clearance X direction of flushing nozzle X setting of flushing pressure X X program, machining conditions X X filling fluid, adjusting fluid level X X opening and closing or vertical movement of work tank X X (5) Making and verifying machining program programmed operation without electric dis
49、charge power X X (6) Tasks during intervention or after processing wire reconnection at break point X opening and closing, or vertical movement of work tank X X axis feeding X X measuring workpiece (with low voltage) X measuring workpiece (with low voltage) (in case of EDM drilling, confirming piercing through workpiece) X cutting wire elec
