1、STD-APIIPETRO PUBL 337-ENGL 1797 0732270 05b7139 L47 D American % Petroleum Institute MANAGEMENT OF RESIDUAL MATERIALS: 1995 PETROLEUM REFINING PERFORMANCE HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT PUBLICATION NUMBER 339 JUNE 1997 STD*API/PETRO PUBL 337-ENGL 1777 0732270 05b7I.140 Yb0 One of the m
2、ost significant long-term trends affecting the future vitality of the petroleum industry is the publics concerns about the environment, health and safety. Recognizing this trend, API member companies have developed a positive, forward-looking strategy called SlEP: Strategies for Todays Environmental
3、 Partnership. This initiative aims to build unberstanding and credibility with stakehoders by continually improving our industrys environmental, health and safety performance; documenting performance; and communicating with the public. API ENVIRONMENTAL MESION AND GUIDING ENWROWMENTAL PRINCIPLES The
4、 members of the American Petroleum Institute are dedicated to continuous efforts to improve the compatibility of our operations with the environment while economically developing energy resoutces and suppying high quality products and services to consumers. We recognize our msponsibiiity to work wit
5、h the public, the government, and others to develop and to use natural resources in an environmentally sound manner while protecting the health and safety of our employees 8nd the pubtic. To meet these responsibilities, API members pledge to manage our businesses according to the following principle
6、s using sound science to prioritize risks and to implement cost-effective management practices: 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 To recognize and to respond to community concerns about our raw materials, products and Operations. To operate our plants and faciiies, and to handle our raw materials and products i
7、n a manner that protects the environment, and the safety and health of our employees and the public. -1 To make safety, health and environmental Considerations a priority in our planning, and our development of new products and processes. To advise promptly, appropriate officiais, employees, custome
8、rs and the public of information on significant industry-related safety, health and environmental hazards, and to recommend protective measures. To counsel customers, transporters and others in the safe use, transportation and disposai of our raw materials, products and waste materials. To economica
9、lly develop and pmduce natural resoums and to conserve those resources by using energy efficiently. To extend knowledge by conducting or supporting research on the safety, health and environmental effects of our raw matedais; products, processes and waste materials. To commit to reduce overall emiss
10、ion and waste generation. To work with others to resolve problems created by handling and disposal of hazardous substances from OUT operations. To participate with government and others in creating responsibe laws, regulations and standards to safeguard the cammunity, workplace and environment. To p
11、romote these principles and practices by sharing experiences and offering assistance to others who produce, handle, use, transport or dispose of similar raw materials, petroleurn products and wastes. STD*API/PETRO PUBL 339-ENGL 2797 - 0732270 05b7LLiL BT7 D Management of Residual Materials: 1995 Pet
12、roleum Refining Performance Health and Environmental Affairs Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 339 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: ROB FERRY THE TGB PARTNERSHIP HILLSBOROUGH, NORTH CAROLINA JUNE 1997 American Petroleum Institute STD*API/PETRO PUBL 339-ENGL 1997 0732290 05b71LI2 733 API PUBLICATIONS NECE
13、SSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFAC- TURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND O
14、THERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD,
15、 APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABIL- ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LEITERS PATENT. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be repmduced. stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by
16、 any mans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying. recording, or otherwise, without prior written permissionfrom the publishex Contact the publisher; API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005. Copyright O 1997 American Petroleum Institute i STD-APIIPETRO PUBL 337-ENGL 1997 m
17、0732270 05b7LL13 b7T ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EXPERTISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT API STAFF CONTACT Kyle Isakower, Health and Environmental Affairs Department ANNUALREFINING SURVEY WORK GROUP Thor Hanson, Sh
18、ell Development Company Lawrence Hudson, Texaco, Inc. James Metzger, Conoco, Inc. Gary Robbins, Exxon Company, U.S.A Vickie Stephens, Ashland Petroleum Company J. A. Stirling, Phillips Pipeline Company THE RFFINE RS At each refinery participating in the survey, one or more individuals assumed the re
19、sponsibility to complete the survey questionnaire. Their efforts deserve special recognition and thanks from the industry. Carol Gosnell (MI) is recognized for her contribution to the cover art for this publication. iv STD-APIIPETRO PUBL 337-ENGL 1777 0732270 05b7144 50b TABLE OF CONTENTS section Ex
20、ecutiveSummary . e5-1 l.Method010gy . 1-1 ListingofRefineries 1-1 Rationale for Survey Clarifications . 1-1 Residual Streams 1-2 Management Practices and Techniques . 1-2 Data Analysis 1-3 2.Results 2-1 Response Rate 2-1 Reprocessing of Used Oil . 2-3 Wastewater Treatment Faciltty . 2-3 PollutionPre
21、vention . 2-7 3 . Residual Stream Profiles . 3-1 API Separator Sludge 3-2 Biomass 3-6 Contaminated Soils or if it did not report having an API separator, then there should not be any MI separator sludge. The data were also reviewed visually and statistically for outliers. Follow up phone calls resol
22、ved apparent discrepancies, such as whether the quantity had been reported in the correct units and, if so, why the amount differed from eqected levels. As wih previous surveys, the r 20 8 O 5 15 $ 10 5 O Non-Respondent Respondent II 111 IV V I PAD Region 2-1 STD.API/PETRO PUBL 337-ENGL L777 0732270
23、 05b7L57 Lb4 D Figure 5-Response Distribution by Complexq of Facility. II 30 .: 25 !i g 20 o O 5 15 g 10 5 n “ Topping Credang Petrochem. Lube Integrated NPDES Permit Classification Figure Rarige Median Median Flow (MG D) Process Wastewater 72 5- 100% 76% 1 .o Nonmtact Cooling Water* 29 2-94% 22% 0.
24、13 Treated Stormwater 54 1-56% 9% 0.17 Untreated Stormwater 28 1-42% 8% 0.13 Treated Groundwater 24 1-80% 1.7% 0.05 other 11 1-63% 23% 0.03 * only mclues nonumtact once through cooling water that is treated prior to discharge. Levels of eight discharge parameters were requested in the question on ef
25、fluent qualrty. The levels are presented as an amount (pounds per year) in Table 2, and as a concentration (pounds per million gallons) m Table 3. Table 2-Water Quality Discharge Parameters (pounds per year). No. of Respondents renortine - th 1s Daw r Median Total Suspended Solids VSS) 72 66,000 lbs
26、 Biochemical Oxygen Demand OD) 68 40,000 Ibs Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 60 3 10,000 Ibs Ammania 66 9,400 Ibs Oil i? Grease 72 17,000 lbs Chromium 45 29 Ibs Nickel 12 120 Ibs Selenium 19 42 lbs 24 - STD*API/PETRO PUBL 339-ENGL 1777 0732270 05b7Lb2 521 = Table 3-Water Quality Discharge Parameters (p
27、ounds per million gallons of wastewater discharge). Median-1995 Median- 1994 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 130 lbc/MG 11 3 1bsMG Biochemical xygen Demand (BOD) 77 lbs/MG 54 IbsNG Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 680 IbsNG 583 1bsNG Ammonia 31 lbs/MG 31 1bshG Oil and a spent caustics category includes spe
28、nt cresyiic caustic, spent naphthenic caustic, and spent sulfidic caustic. The oily wastewater residuals (i.e., API separator sludge, DAF float, primary sludges, and slop oil emulsion solids) make up a third grouping. The contribution of each category in 1995 is estimated to be within two percentage
29、 points of its contribution to the adjusted 1994 data. Figure 1994 1995 The remainder of this section presents detailed information for the individual streams, wrth the streams arranged in alphabetical order. The data for this section are summarized in the tables of Appendix C. 3-1 STD-API/PETRO PUB
30、L 337-ENGL 2777 0732270 05b7Lbb 177 API SEPARATOR SLUDGE The U.S. petroleum refning industry managed an estimated 37 thousand wet tons of API Separator Sludge in 1995, wiiich was a 63% reduction from 1994. A summary of the quantity of API Separator Sludge managed per year is presented in Figure 14.
31、The data for 1987 through 1994 have been adjusted by deleting the quantities considered to be recovered oil or water rather than true residuals. Figure 14-Nationwide Estimates of API Separator Sludge per Year: 1987-1995. 400 350 Q 8 300 I- = 250 2 200 z 150 o 100 .r c 50 O 1987 1988 i989 1990 1997 7
32、992 1993 1994 1995 Year Several hcilities combine some or all of the residuals associated with their wastewater treatment fbcility (Le., API Separator Sludge, DAF Float, Primary Sludges, and Slop Oil Emulsion Solids). The combined quantities of these oily wastewater streams are summarized in Figure
33、85, which shows a decrease from 833 thousand wet tons in 1994 to 554 thousand wet tons in 1995, a reduction of 33%. The portion of the API Separator Sludge stream that is managed by each management practice is shown in Figure 15 for 1994 and 1995. Recognizing only the actua residual stream, and not
34、recovered oil or water, has shown recycling to be the most common management practice. Figure 15-Nationwide Estimam of API Separator Sludge by Management Practice: 1994-1995. Treatment 1 20% 1 7994 Recycle % 7 995 Recall that this report uses iabels such as API Separator Sludge in the broader contex
35、t of a residual stream which mcludes materials that are not subject to RCRA regulation. 3 -2 STD*API/PETRO PUBL 337-ENGL 1997 0732270 05b7Lb7 003 Figure 16 shows the API Separator Sludge distribution by management technique for 1994 and 1995. The quantities shown for recycling to the crude unit and
36、for wastewater treatment have gone to zero, in that recovered oil and water from dewatering operations are not truly residuals and are no longer included. The kiln feedstock quantity shown in 1994 has been eliminated in 1995. The 1994 listing may have been in error, in that API Separator Sludge is t
37、ypically used as fiel when sent to a cement kiln. Firne l-Distribution of API Srnarator Sludge by Management Techniaue: 1994-1995. QI Other Disposal -i O 1m 2m 30000 40000 50000 Nationwide Estimate (wet tons) 7994 1995 Responses in the other categories are listed below. Other Recycle: none. Other Tr
38、eatment: one fcihty uses a proprietary biological process to treat oily sludges. Other Disposal: one facility sends oily sludges to a treatment, storage, and disposal facility (T.S.D.F.) fur disposal. The schematic on the next page illustrates the distribution of dewatering techniques and onsite ver
39、sus offsite management for this stream by number of respondents. 3 -3 STD-APIIPETRO PUBL 337-ENGL 1777 0732270 05b71bB TLiT Figure 17 - API Separator Sludge Summary: 1995 Note: Boxes show no. of facilities reporting each option. Some facilities report muitiple options Recycle dewatering no. of metho
40、d facilities E Disposal management technique location Recycle: onsite offsite coker., . , , . . , . crude unit, . . . , cat cracker. , , reclamation , , . regeneration , , kiln feedstock. , lfl IO ikiki fuel . , . , . , . other . . , . , . . . . 161101 101101 mlol mm lolm Drn 101m heat . . I . . . , . , wastewater. . , ndtreatment 1- lo( stabilization . . . , onsite offsite yiand fill . , . . . . . III isil I wett injection , . lol ml 3-4
