1、API PUBL*Ll525 90 0732290 0098397 9 m A Compilation of Field-Collected Cost and Treatment Effectiveness Data for the Removal of Dissolved Gasoline Components from Groundwater HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4525 NOVEMBER 1990 American Petroleum InstUute 1220 L Sre
2、et, Nortmvest A API PUBL*4525 90 m 0732290 0098398 O m A Compilation of Field-Collected Cost and Treatment Effectiveness Data for the Removal of Dissolved Gasoline Components from Groundwater Health and Environmental Sciences Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4525 NOVEMBER 1990 PREPARED UNDER CONTRA
3、CT BY: GROUNDWATER TECHNOLOGY, INC. 220 NORWOOD PARK SOUTH NORWOOD, MA 02062 American Petroleum Institute API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT UNDERTA
4、KING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFACTURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICAT
5、ION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANUEACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PROD- UCT COVERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CON- TAINED IN THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF
6、LETTERS PATENT. API PUBLX4525 90 07322713 0078400 5 W . NOTE API has attempted to ensure that the following study has been conducted in a manner that is scientifically accurate and procedurally fair. The reader should note the following: 1. API is not making any recommendations regarding the course
7、of conduct that should be followed, and the reader is in no way bound to the findings of this study. 2. The reader should exercise independent judgment that suits hicfier individual needs, and must negotiate independently with the suppliers of any technology. 3. The reader is cautioned regarding the
8、 interpretation of any references to costs“ or .cost-effectiveness“ as that these references may not be applicable to their specific application. iii - . .- -. API PUBL*4525 90 _- _I_ O732290 0098401 i THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EXPERTISE IN THE PREPARATI
9、ON OF THIS REPORT: - David Chen, HESD Marc Meteyer, Marketing Peter Gates, Mobil Robert Hinds, Chevron Dorothy Keech, Chevron Al Liguori, Exxon Eugene Mancini, Arco Jim Rocco, BP Oil CONTRACTOR Brad Horn, Groundwater Technology iv API PUBL*4525 90 0732290 0098402 9 EXECUTIVE SHMARY This study was co
10、nducted to document, summarize and evaluate cost and treatment effectiveness data for air stripping and carbon adsorption systems designed to remove dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons from groundwater. were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) as well as the oxygenates methyl-terti
11、ary-butyl-ether (MTBE) and isopropyl ether (IPE). The availability of comprehensive effectiveness and capital and operational maintenance costs for these treatment systems will assist API member companies in planning pump-and-treat remediation systems for removal of BTEX and oxygenates from groundwa
12、ter. The compounds of primary interest Operating data were gathered from 57 field sites .throughout the United States. Treatment system profiles including capital investment, operating and maintenance costs, influent and effluent contaminant concentrations, and operating parameters (e.g., flow rates
13、, fouling characteristics) were generated for each site. While rigorous statistical analyses did not provide meaningful correlative data for system comparisons, a variety of summary statistics were useful for estimating costs and treatment effectiveness. Median investment costs and operating and mai
14、ntenance costs for air stripping systems operating at flow rates from 10 to 50 gallons per minute (gpm) were $1,627 per gpm and $2.80 per thousand gallons, respectively. Median costs for systems operating below 10 gpm were substantially greater. Median operating costs were approximately 40% greater
15、than design costs, a difference at least partially attributable to operating flow rates that were lower than design flow rates. API PUBL*4525 90 m 0732290 0098403 O m The air stripping systems studied generally achieved benzene removal effectiveness of 99% or more. IPE removal effectiveness was simi
16、larly high (98%; 3 cites), while MTBE removal effectiveness ranged from approximately 56% to 99% with a median removal effectiveness of greater than 91% (15 sites). Where design removal efficiencies were not met, biological or precipitated metal salt fouling were believed to be responsible. Fouling
17、was found to be a common problem with air stripping systems, although fouling prevention and/or treatment efforts were generally successful. Limited carbon adsorption system data indicated treatment costs similar to air stripping system costs operating at similarly low flow rates (50 2 $6.40 $44.88
18、$2.80 $3.34 $0.50 $0.50 $0.20-$415;00 $0.40-$9.60 $0.40-$0.60 TABLE III. DOCUMENTED CAPITAL COSTS FOR AIR STRIPPING SYSTEHS (S/GPM) SAMPLE COST FLOW FATE GPM) (N) so 13 TABLE IV. RATIOS OF ACTUAL VS. DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR AIR STRIPPING SYSTEMS MEDIAN AVERAGE RANGE COUNT OF OF OF (NI RATIOS ,RATIOS R
19、ATIOS FLOW RATE CAPITAL COST O9 5dP 4 rl al U 3 c, -la 4 WtFri c alo a a al H al c, .I4 III rl QI o QI A F1 m b . rl QI QI QI m r- N O m a) O m In v) i O O QI O m tn rl i O QI O N OD r- 1 z 4 O m I w pi H c rl Cu 00 1 3 2 rlN rlrl mm mm O O a) O O 00 O 03 r- O 00 O Cu O w r- Fi N I B II II II II rlc
20、yu u u m al 4J O 2 API PUBL*4525 90 m 0732290 009842b L m We discourage the use of data from individual sites for predicting treatment costs. However, the median values for actual costs derived from this database provide reasonable values for estimating treatment costs. The wide ranges associated with these data imply that any estimates based on this information can be viewed only as rough approximations. 22
