1、In-service Inspection of Mooring Hardware for Floating StructuresAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2ITHIRD EDITION, APRIL 2008REAFFIRMED, JUNE 2015In-service Inspection of Mooring Hardware for Floating StructuresUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2ITHIRD EDITION, APRIL 2008REAFFIRMED, JUNE 2015Special
2、NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or re
3、presentation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness ofthe information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of
4、 APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the dat
5、a contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with whic
6、h this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be
7、 utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the ap
8、plicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, ph
9、otocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2008 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of the API Subc
10、ommittee on Offshore Structures.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be cons
11、trued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretatio
12、n of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduc
13、e or translate all or anypart of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publi
14、cation can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards De
15、partment, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, D.C. 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . 11.3 Inspection Philosophy and Exception to This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Mooring Component Traceability and Inspection Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Guidelines for In-serv
18、ice Inspection of MODU Mooring Chain and Anchor Jewelry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 Common Problems with MODU Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 Recommended Inspection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 Recommended Inspection Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.4 Guidelines for Rejecting Chain Components. . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.5 Guidelines for Chain Repair, Removal, and Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.6 Recommended Inspection Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.7 Special Event Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Guidelines for In-service Inspection of MODU Mooring-wire Rope and Anc
22、hor Handling Equipment . 163.1 Common Problems with MODU Mooring-wire Rope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.2 Recommended Inspection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . 233.3 Recommended Inspection Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.4 Guidelines for Rejecting Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . 303.5 Recommended Inspection Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.6 Special Event Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . 333.7 Recommendations for Proper Use and Maintenance of MODU Mooring-wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.8 Inspection of Anchor-handling Equipment and Termination of Pendant Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Inspection of Steel Components for Permanent Moorin
26、gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.2 Difference Between MODU and Permanent Moori
27、ng Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.3 Typical Components in Permanent Moorings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.4 Mooring Component Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.5 Inspection Objective, Type, and Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.6 Detailed Component Inspection and Discard Criteria. . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Inspection of Fiber Ropes for MODU and Permanent Moorings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.2 Inspection and Testing Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.3 Damage Assessment and Discard Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.4 Repair Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.5 Inspection and Maintenance Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Annex A (normative) Mooring Component Traceability, Inspection, and Retirement Documentation . . . . . . 61Annex B (informative) MODU Mooring Inspection for Areas of Tropical Cyclone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . 67Annex C (informative) Summary of JIP Test Data and Fiber Area Reduction Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . 73Figures1 Typical Chain Stud Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Chain Diameter Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . 53 Dockside Inspection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6vPage4 Offshore Inspection Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Chain Length Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Inspection of Anchor Jewelry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Discard Criterion for Bent Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Examples of Severely Loose Studs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Examples of Distributed Crown Wire Breaks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1710 Typical Wire Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711 Locally Grouped Broken Wires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1812 Local Decrease in Rope Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1813 Progression of Wear in Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014 Wire Rope with Heavy External Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2115 Progression of External Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2216 Wear of Internal Wires Caused by Lack of Lubrication Between Wires . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2317 Effect of Internal Lubrication on Wire Rope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2418 Kink and Bend of Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2419 Deformation Caused by Improper Drum Winding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2520 Wire Rope Inspection with Assistance of a Workboat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2521 Lay Length and Diameter Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2722 Internal Inspection of Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2923 Common Rope Constructions for Mooring Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3124 Acceptable Terminations for Pendant Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 3425 Examples of Subsea Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3626 Chain Details Recorded by Work Class and Micro-ROV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4027 Example
47、of Chain Wear from Sitting in a Fairlead Pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4028 Example of Chain Wear at Hawse Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4229 Example of Heavy Marine
48、 Growth and Chain Corrosion at Splash Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4230 Example of Detached Clump Weight on the Seabed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4331 Chain Diameter Reduction Due to Excessive Interlink Wear . . . .
49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4332 Example of Chain Link Subjected to Out-of-Plane Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4433 Example of Bird Caging and Kinking of Spiral Strand During Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4634 Example of Disconnected Anodes for Spiral Strand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4735 Wire Rope Socket Disconnected Due to Detachment of Retaining Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4836 Fib
