1、Marine OperationsANSI/API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2MOPFIRST EDITION, JULY 2010REAFFIRMED, APRIL 2015ISO 19901-6:2009 (Identical), Petroleum and natural gas industriesSpecific requirements for offshore structures, Part 6Marine operationsSpecial NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a gen
2、eral nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to th
3、e accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assig
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6、ed to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicati
7、onsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not repres
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10、r themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Standards referenced herein may be replaced by other international o
11、r national standards that can be shown to meetor exceed the requirements of the referenced standard.This American National Standard is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Offshore Structures. Thisstandard modified from the English version of ISO 19901-2:2004. ISO 19901-2 was prepared b
12、y TechnicalCommittee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gasindustries, Subcommittee SC 7, Offshore Structures.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the dev
13、elopmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petrol
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15、ne-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested r
16、evisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiiii Contents Page API Foreword ii Foreword . vii Introduction ix 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 1
17、5 4.1 Symbols 15 4.2 Abbreviated terms . 18 5 General considerations . 20 5.1 Introduction 20 5.2 Jurisdiction 21 5.3 HSE plan . 22 5.4 Risk management 23 5.5 Job safety analysis 23 5.6 Environmental impact study 24 5.7 Manning, qualifications, job and safety training 24 5.8 Incident reporting 24 5.
18、9 Personnel tracking 25 5.10 Approval by national authorities 25 6 Organization, documentation and planning . 25 6.1 Introduction 25 6.2 Organization and communication 25 6.3 Quality assurance and administrative procedures 27 6.4 Technical procedures . 27 6.5 Technical documentation . 27 6.6 Certifi
19、cation and documentation . 30 6.7 Systems and equipment . 31 7 Metocean and earthquake requirements 33 7.1 Introduction 33 7.2 Weather-restricted/weather-unrestricted operations. 34 7.3 Metocean conditions . 34 7.4 Metocean criteria . 36 7.5 Weather windows 37 7.6 Operational duration . 38 7.7 Metoc
20、ean forecast . 38 7.8 Earthquake . 39 8 Weight control 39 8.1 Introduction 39 8.2 Weight control classes . 39 8.3 Contingencies for class A 40 8.4 Weight and CoG constraints 40 8.5 Weight control audits 40 8.6 Dimensional control 40 9 Stability . 40 9.1 Introduction 40 9.2 General requirements . 41
21、9.3 Stability calculations . 41 9.4 Intact stability . 41 iv 9.5 Damage stability . 43 9.6 Single-barge transports . 45 9.7 Multi-barge transports 46 9.8 Classed vessels 46 9.9 Self-floating structures. 46 9.10 Loadout operations 48 9.11 Watertight integrity and temporary closures . 49 9.12 Inclinin
22、g tests 49 10 Ballasting operations . 50 10.1 Introduction . 50 10.2 Ballast system . 51 10.3 Protection against damage and deterioration . 52 10.4 Prevention of progressive flooding in damage condition 53 10.5 Control and indicating systems 53 10.6 Pumps 54 10.7 Valve arrangements 54 10.8 Vent syst
23、ems . 54 10.9 Air cushion system capacity . 55 10.10 System testing 55 11 Loadout 55 11.1 Introduction . 55 11.2 Categories of loadout . 56 11.3 Structure being loaded . 56 11.4 Site and quay . 57 11.5 Barge 57 11.6 Link beams, skidways and skidshoes 58 11.7 Moorings 58 11.8 Grounded loadouts . 59 1
24、1.9 Pumping and ballasting . 59 11.10 Loadouts by trailers, SPMTs or hydraulic skidshoes . 61 11.11 Propulsion system design, redundancy and back-up 61 11.12 Float-on onto submersible barges or vessels . 63 11.13 Barge reinstatement and sea fastenings 64 11.14 Tugs 65 11.15 Management and organizati
25、on 65 11.16 Loadout manual 65 12 Transportation . 65 12.1 Introduction . 65 12.2 General considerations 66 12.3 Towline pull required, fleet composition and towing arrangement . 68 12.4 Tow out from dry dock . 70 12.5 Inshore tow 71 12.6 Offshore tow 72 12.7 Transport by dry tow or onboard a heavy t
26、ransport vessel . 72 12.8 Transport manual 75 13 Temporary mooring and stationkeeping for marine operations 75 13.1 Introduction . 75 13.2 Environmental criteria 75 13.3 Determination of mooring response . 76 13.4 Sizing of mooring lines 77 13.5 Sizing of anchors 78 13.6 Sizing of attachments . 78 1
27、3.7 Sizing of mooring line components 79 13.8 Clearances under extreme conditions 79 13.9 Tensioning of moorings . 79 13.10 Other stationkeeping means . 80 14 Construction and outfitting afloat . 81 14.1 Introduction . 81 14.2 Structural strength and stresses 81 14.3 Construction spread . 82 v 14.4
28、Welding . 83 15 Float-over topsides installation . 83 15.1 Introduction 83 15.2 Environmental considerations . 83 15.3 Structural considerations . 83 15.4 Clearances 84 15.5 Guidance systems for topsides set-down 85 15.6 Operational aspects 86 15.7 Float-over manual 88 16 Pre-laid mooring including
29、foundation . 88 16.1 Introduction 88 16.2 Installation planning 89 16.3 Fluke anchor installation 91 16.4 Plate anchor installation . 92 16.5 Suction anchor installation 92 16.6 Anchor pile installation . 94 16.7 Gravity anchor installation . 95 16.8 Mooring system connectors . 96 16.9 Chain . 96 16
30、.10 Steel wire rope . 97 16.11 Synthetic fibre rope . 98 16.12 TLP tendons . 99 16.13 Mooring installation manual . 99 17 Offshore installation operations 100 17.1 Introduction 100 17.2 Installation site. 100 17.3 Actions on and motions of floating units . 100 17.4 Systems and equipment . 101 17.5 L
31、aunching . 101 17.6 Float-off 103 17.7 Upending 104 17.8 Ballasting 105 17.9 Lifting and lowering by external means 105 17.10 Lowering by ballasting 107 17.11 Precise positioning on the sea floor by active and passive means . 107 17.12 Skirt penetration 108 17.13 Underbase grouting 109 17.14 Piling
32、. 110 17.15 Attachment to pre-laid mooring system . 112 17.16 Connection to a tendon system . 113 17.17 Offshore completion . 114 17.18 Installation manual 115 18 Lifting operations 115 18.1 Introduction 115 18.2 Rigging geometry 116 18.3 Actions and action effects 117 18.4 Strengths of slings, grom
33、mets and shackles . 126 18.5 Design verifications 134 18.6 Lift point design . 137 18.7 Clearances 139 18.8 Bumpers and guides . 141 18.9 Heave compensated lifts 143 18.10 Lifts using DP . 143 18.11 Practical considerations . 143 18.12 Lifting operation manual . 144 19 Decommissioning and removal .
34、144 19.1 Introduction 144 19.2 Removal planning 145 19.3 Preparation for removal 148 19.4 Removal 149 vi 19.5 Transportation and disposal . 151 19.6 Site clearance 151 Annex A (informative) Additional information and guidance 152 A.1 General . 152 A.2 Guidance for 6.6.2: Required or recommended docu
35、mentation . 152 A.3 Guidance for 11.16: Loadout manual 154 A.4 Guidance for 12.8: Transport manual . 156 A.5 Guidance for 17.18: Installation manual . 157 A.6 Guidance for 18.8.4: Bumper and guide loads 158 Annex B (informative) Regional information . 163 B.1 Introduction . 163 B.2 Canada . 163 Bibl
36、iography . 167 vii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a su
37、bject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (
38、IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical commi
39、ttees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not b
40、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19901-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 7, Offshore structures. ISO 19901 consists of the followi
41、ng parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Specific requirements for offshore structures: Part 1: Metocean design and operating considerations Part 2: Seismic design procedures and criteria Part 4: Geotechnical and foundation design considerations Part 5: Weight control d
42、uring engineering and construction Part 6: Marine operations Part 7: Stationkeeping systems for floating offshore structures and mobile offshore units The following part is under preparation: Part 3: Topsides structure ISO 19901 is one of a series of International Standards for offshore structures.
43、The full series consists of the following: ISO 19900, Petroleum and natural gas industries General requirements for offshore structures ISO 19901 (all parts), Petroleum and natural gas industries Specific requirements for offshore structures ISO 19902, Petroleum and natural gas industries Fixed stee
44、l offshore structures ISO 19903, Petroleum and natural gas industries Fixed concrete offshore structures ISO 19904-1, Petroleum and natural gas industries Floating offshore structures Part 1: Monohulls, semi-submersibles and spars viii ISO 19905-1, Petroleum and natural gas industries Site-specific
45、assessment of mobile offshore units Part 1: Jack-ups 1 ISO/TR 19905-2, Petroleum and natural gas industries Site-specific assessment of mobile offshore units Part 2: Jack-ups commentary )1) ISO 19906, Petroleum and natural gas industries Arctic offshore structures 1)1) Under preparation. ix Introduc
46、tion The series of International Standards applicable to types of offshore structure, ISO 19900 to ISO 19906, constitutes a common basis covering those aspects that address design requirements and assessments of all offshore structures used by the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries
47、worldwide. Through their application, the intention is to achieve reliability levels appropriate for manned and unmanned offshore structures, whatever the type of structure and the nature or combination of materials used. It is important to recognize that structural integrity is an overall concept c
48、omprising models for describing actions, structural analysis, design rules, safety elements, workmanship, quality control procedures and national requirements, all of which are mutually dependent. The modification of one aspect of design in isolation can disturb the balance of reliability inherent i
49、n the overall concept or structural system. It is necessary, therefore, to consider the implications involved in modifications in relation to the overall reliability of offshore structural systems. The series of International Standards applicable to types of offshore structure is intended to provide a wide latitude in the choice of structural configuration, material and techniques without hindering innovation. Sound engineering judgment is, therefore, necessary in the use of these International Standards. This part of ISO 19901 was dev
