API RP 535-2014 Burners for Fired Heaters in General Refinery Services (THIRD EDITION) .pdf

上传人:王申宇 文档编号:400132 上传时间:2018-10-24 格式:PDF 页数:94 大小:1.75MB
下载 相关 举报
API RP 535-2014 Burners for Fired Heaters in General Refinery Services (THIRD EDITION) .pdf_第1页
第1页 / 共94页
API RP 535-2014 Burners for Fired Heaters in General Refinery Services (THIRD EDITION) .pdf_第2页
第2页 / 共94页
API RP 535-2014 Burners for Fired Heaters in General Refinery Services (THIRD EDITION) .pdf_第3页
第3页 / 共94页
API RP 535-2014 Burners for Fired Heaters in General Refinery Services (THIRD EDITION) .pdf_第4页
第4页 / 共94页
API RP 535-2014 Burners for Fired Heaters in General Refinery Services (THIRD EDITION) .pdf_第5页
第5页 / 共94页
亲,该文档总共94页,到这儿已超出免费预览范围,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述

1、Burners for Fired Heaters inGeneral Refinery ServicesAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 535 THIRD EDITION, MAY 2014Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither

2、API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any us

3、e, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyon

4、e desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibili

5、ty for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended

6、 to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials i

7、n conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this Standard should not

8、 rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, sci-entific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transm

9、itted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2014 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any

10、API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringeme

11、nt of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the specification.This document was produ

12、ced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whicht

13、his publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.G

14、enerally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API pu

15、blications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms an

17、d Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Mechanical Components for Burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、94.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.2 Pilots and Igniters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.3 Major Burner Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Environmental Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.2 Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.3 Flue Gas Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Burner Selection . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . 266.2 Draft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.3 Flame Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.4 Design Excess Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.5 Combustion Air Preheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.6 Turbine Exhaust Gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.7 Combustion Air Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Gas Firing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.1 Raw Gas Firing (Nozzle

27、Mix) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.2 Premix Firing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

28、28 Liquid Fuel Firing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.1 Types of Fuel Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.2 Atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.3 Fuel Physical Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.4 Liquid Fuel Turndown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.5 Design Excess Air Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.6 Flame Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.7 Burner Heat Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.8 Combination Firing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Low NOx Burners . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . 409.2 NOx Formation Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.3 Approximate Method to Convert NOx Measurement in ppmvd to lb/MBtu (HHV). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.4 Low NOx Burner D

35、evelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.5 Staged Air Burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.

36、6 Staged Fuel Burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.7 Flue Gas Recirculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . . . . . . . . 449.8 Alternate Methods for Reducing Combustion Generated NOx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459.9 Other Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . 46vContentsPage9.10 Fuel Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.11 Retrofit Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4910 Burner Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5210.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5210.2 Excess Air Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5211 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5611.1 Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . 5611.2 Burner Parts Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5611.3 Installation and Initial Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5611.4 Post-installation Checkout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5711.5 Maintenance Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5712 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5912.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5912.2 Test Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5912.3 Test Fuels . . . . . . . .

46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6012.4 Air Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、. . . . . . . 6112.5 Pilot and Igniters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6112.6 Main Burner Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6212.7 Test Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6612.8 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6613 Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6713.1 Burner Plugging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6713.2 Troubleshooting Gas Fired Low NOx Burners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7013.3 Burner Operation Trouble

展开阅读全文
相关资源
  • API SALES OF NGL & LRG-2018 2016 Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gas.pdfAPI SALES OF NGL & LRG-2018 2016 Sales of Natural Gas Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gas.pdf
  • API MPMS 9 4-2018 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 4-Continuous Density Measurement Under Dynamic (Flowing) Conditions (FIRST EDITION).pdfAPI MPMS 9 4-2018 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 4-Continuous Density Measurement Under Dynamic (Flowing) Conditions (FIRST EDITION).pdf
  • API MPMS 9 3-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 3 Standard Test Method for Density Relative Density and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and.pdfAPI MPMS 9 3-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 3 Standard Test Method for Density Relative Density and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and.pdf
  • API MPMS 9 2-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 2 Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure H.pdfAPI MPMS 9 2-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 2 Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure H.pdf
  • API MPMS 9 1-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 1 Standard Test Method for Density Relative Density or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and .pdfAPI MPMS 9 1-2012 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 9 1 Standard Test Method for Density Relative Density or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and .pdf
  • API MPMS 8 5-2015 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 5 Standard Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils Condensate.pdfAPI MPMS 8 5-2015 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 5 Standard Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils Condensate.pdf
  • API MPMS 8 5 SPANISH-2015 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 5 - Standard Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils .pdfAPI MPMS 8 5 SPANISH-2015 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 5 - Standard Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils .pdf
  • API MPMS 8 4-2017 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 4 Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement (FOURTH .pdfAPI MPMS 8 4-2017 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 4 Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement (FOURTH .pdf
  • API MPMS 8 4-2014 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 4 Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement (THIRD E.pdfAPI MPMS 8 4-2014 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 4 Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement (THIRD E.pdf
  • API MPMS 8 3-1995 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 - Sampling Section 3 - Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petr.pdfAPI MPMS 8 3-1995 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 8 - Sampling Section 3 - Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petr.pdf
  • 猜你喜欢
    相关搜索

    当前位置:首页 > 标准规范 > 国际标准 > API

    copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
    备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1