1、Guide for Tolerance Compatibility in Concrete ConstructionReported by ACI Committee 117ACI 117.1R-14First PrintingAugust 2014ISBN: 978-0-87031-915-0Guide for Tolerance Compatibility in Concrete ConstructionCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This
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11、anual of Concrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331Phone: +1.248.848.3700Fax: +1.248.848.3701www.concrete.orgThis guide lists industry-standard tolerances and presents recom-mendations for mitigating tolerance conflicts related to embedded i
12、tems, elevator cores and hoistways, openings in slabs and walls, manufactured couplers and splicing systems for reinforcing bars, stairs, cladding systems, infill wall systems, surface accessibility components, finish floor coverings, and expansion joints. Evalu-ating tolerance compatibility can be
13、challenging due to the variety of materials, products, and elements that interface with, or connect to, concrete construction. Failure to accommodate these varying tolerances could have a significant impact on construction quality, cost, and schedules. Architects and engineers can use these guide re
14、commendations to accommodate individual material, product, and element tolerances at their interface with concrete construc-tion. Contractors can use these guide recommendations to mitigate tolerance conflicts during the construction phase.The materials, processes, quality control measures, and insp
15、ec-tions described in this document should be tested, monitored, or performed as applicable only by individuals holding the appro-priate ACI Certifications or equivalent.Keywords: construction; embedded items; foundation; reinforced concrete; specification; tolerance; tolerance compatibility.CONTENT
16、SCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 21.1Introduction, p. 21.2Scope, p. 21.3Unit conversions, p. 2CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONS, p. 22.1Definitions, p. 2CHAPTER 3TOLERANCE COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY, p. 33.1Tolerance coordination meetings, p. 33.2Responsibilities, p. 33.3Review and approval, p. 43.4Meas
17、urements, p. 4CHAPTER 4CREATING TOLERANCE COMPATIBILITY, p. 54.1Steps toward tolerance compatibility, p. 54.2More restrictive tolerances, p. 54.3Tolerance limit considerations, p. 64.4Coordinating architectural layouts with structural framing, p. 84.5Communicating information, p. 11Scott M. Anderson
18、, Chair Bryan M. Birdwell, SecretaryACI 117.1R-14Guide for Tolerance Compatibility in Concrete ConstructionReported by ACI Committee 117Scott AndersonKarl J. BakkeDavid K. Ballast*Gregory P. BirleyDavid W. BuzzelliDarrell L. DarrowThomas J. DownsRon Eldridge*Allen FaceMark G. Josten*Geoffrey R. Kinn
19、eyRichard L. Knox*Kevin R. KoogleMichael W. LeeRoss S. MartinArthur W. McKinneyColin T. Milberg*William R. Nash*Eric S. PetersonWilliam S. PhelanPeter J. RutturaMichael J. SchneiderBruce A. SuprenantBrett A. SzaboEldon G. TippingMichael A. West*Scott C. WinklerConsulting MembersCharles J. CarterRich
20、ard A. KadenW. Calvin McCallSteven R. Raupp*Task group members.Special acknowledgment to Ward Malisch for his contribution to this guide.ACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended
21、 for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated princi
22、ples. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory langu
23、age for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer.ACI 117.1R-14 was adopted and published August 2014.Copyright 2014, American Concrete InstituteAll rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electron
24、ic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.1CHAPTER 5TOLERANCES AND METHODS OF ACCOMMODATING TOLERANCES, p. 115.2
25、Elevator cores and hoistways, p. 165.3Openings in slabs and walls, p. 175.4Manufactured couplers and splicing systems for reinforcing bars, p. 225.5Cast-in-place stairs, p. 235.6Cladding systems, p. 245.7Infill wall systems, p. 375.8Surface accessibility, p. 415.9Finish floor coverings, p. 435.10Exp
26、ansion joints, p. 44CHAPTER 6REFERENCES, p. 45Cited references, p. 46CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE1.1IntroductionEvaluating tolerance compatibility at the interface between concrete and other building systems is challenging because materials, products, and elements that connect to the concrete oft
27、en have tolerances that differ from those for concrete. Coordinating these different tolerances early in the project reduces problems that can impact quality, cost, and schedule during construction.Architects and engineers can use the recommendations in this guide to accommodate individual material,
28、 product, and element tolerances at their interface with concrete construc-tion. Contractors can use the recommendations in this guide to mitigate tolerance conflicts during the construction phase. To assist the architect, engineer, and contractor, this guide lists industry-standard tolerances and p
29、resents recommenda-tions for mitigating tolerance conflicts related to embedded items, elevator cores and hoistways, openings in slabs and walls, manufactured couplers and splicing systems for rein-forcing bars, stairs, cladding systems, infill wall systems, surface accessibility components, finish
30、floor coverings, and expansion joints. This guide does not list all concrete or industry tolerances or all potential tolerance conflicts.1.2ScopeTolerances for concrete construction from ACI 117 and other industry standards developed by trade and stan-dards-writing organizations are discussed. Toler
31、ances and suggested methods of mitigating tolerance conflicts for common concrete construction procedures and typical construction materials that interface with or connect to concrete elements are described. This guide is not intended to apply to special structures, such as nuclear reactors and cont
32、ainment vessels, bins, prestressed circular structures, thin shell structures, and single-family residential construc-tion. Construction projects may require tolerances that are less or more stringent than contained in this guide.1.3Unit conversionsHard conversions are used throughout this guide. Wh
33、ere individual trade or standards-writing organizations have established a specific SI equivalent to inch-pound units, the value determined by the organization is used. The equivalent SI units for the same inch-pound unit from different sources could be different. Use the units and tolerances specif
34、ied in the construction documents. If the drawings are in one system of measurement and the tolerances are in another, a soft conversion is acceptable but should not exceed the published tolerance.CHAPTER 2DEFINITIONS2.1DefinitionsACI provides a comprehensive list of definitions through an online re
35、source, “ACI Concrete Terminology,” http:/www.concrete.org/Tools/ConcreteTerminology.aspx. Defi-nitions provided herein complement that resource.anchor boltRefer to ACI Concrete Terminology. See rod, anchor.assembly toleranceoverall tolerance for the assembly of components.bearing devicesshop-attach
36、ed base and bearing plates; loose base and bearing plates; and leveling devices, such as leveling plates, leveling nuts and washers, and leveling ponent tolerancepermitted deviation for a single component.curtain wallcladding system installed on the exterior of the primary building structure and car
37、rying no loads other than its self-weight, wind, or seismic loads.datumideal geometric point, line, or plane used to define the location or orientation of a constructed work.envelope toleranceboundary defining the permitted deviation for any accumulation of tolerances on a feature, component, or ass
38、embly.erection tolerancepermitted deviation in the orienta-tion or location of a component resulting from its erection or installation.fabrication tolerancepermitted deviation from the specified dimensions or shape for a manufactured product.featuregeometric aspect of an element, such as a surface,
39、edge, line, centerline, median plane, corner, or center point.flatnessdeviation of a surface from a plane. (Fig. 2.1)levelnessdeviation of a line or surface from a horizontal line or surface. (Fig. 2.1)location tolerancepermitted deviation in position rela -tive to a datum.Fig. 2.1Flatness and level
40、ness.American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.org2 GUIDE FOR TOLERANCE COMPATIBILITY IN CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION (ACI 117.1R-14)nominalstated or expressed, but not necessarily corre-sponding exactly to the real value.orientation tolerancepermitted angular deviation rela-tive to a d
41、atum.oversize(d)of a size larger than the specified or usual size.random errormeasured value that, if repeated, is different than the previous value.shape tolerancepermitted deviation from an ideal feature.shoes (for glass railings)U-shaped base that is anchored to the floor to receive glass railing
42、.systematic errormeasured value of error, also known as measurement bias, that remains constant with each measurement.tolerancepermitted deviation from a specified dimen-sion, location, or quantity.CHAPTER 3TOLERANCE COORDINATION AND RESPONSIBILITY3.1Tolerance coordination meetingsA preconstruction
43、tolerance coordination meeting that includes the owner, general contractor, construction manager, architect/engineer, concrete contractor, and all other subcon-tractors whose work will interface with concrete construc-tion elements is strongly recommended. Attendees should address the anticipated to
44、lerance compatibility questions and conflicts applicable to their work so that tolerance issues are identified and resolved before concrete construction. Reso-lution of tolerance issues after contract award may result in changes having to be made to the contract terms, which may affect one or more o
45、f the parties involved. This document is written primarily for the traditional design-bid-build project delivery method. Other project delivery methods may allow for earlier tolerance coordination3.2Responsibilities3.2.1 On most projects, the architect/engineer is respon-sible for coordinating toler
46、ances for the construction, as shown in the following excerpts from documents published by the American Concrete Institute and American Society of Concrete Contractors.a) ACI 347“The engineer/architect should be respon-sible for coordinating the tolerances for concrete work with the tolerance requir
47、ements of other trades whose work adjoins the concrete construction”.b) ACI 117“Compatibility Designers are cautioned to use finish and architectural details that are compatible with the type and anticipated method of construction. Finish and architectural details used should be compatible with the
48、concrete tolerances which are achievable.”c) ASCC Position Statement #18 (ASCC 2004b)“Contractors coordinate their own work, but they arent responsible for adjusting tolerances or ensuring that tolerances for the work of other trades are compatible with their own work. Only the design professional c
49、an decide which tolerances are reasonable and compatible.”d) Guidelines for Authorities and Responsibilities in Concrete Design and Construction (ACI Committee on Responsibility in Concrete Construction 2005)“The Design Professional should specify tolerances where appro-priate in the contract documents as well as any special or unusual requirements that are necessary.”Specialized concrete construction or construction proce-dures thus require the design professional to include special-ized tolerances. The ACI R
