1、ACI 523.4R-09Reported by ACI Committee 523Guide for Design and Constructionwith Autoclaved AeratedConcrete PanelsGuide for Design and Constructionwith Autoclaved Aerated Concrete PanelsFirst PrintingJune 2009ISBN 978-0-87031-332-5American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeCopyright by th
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10、g ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 523.4R-09 was adopted and publi
11、shed June 2009.Copyright 2009, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual r
12、eproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission inwriting is obtained from the copyright proprietors.523.4R-1ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Manuals, and Commentariesare intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing,and inspecting construction. This
13、 document is intended for theuse of individuals who are competent to evaluate thesignificance and limitations of its content and recommendationsand who will accept responsibility for the application of thematerial it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaimsany and all responsibility for t
14、he stated principles. The Instituteshall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items found in this document are desired by theArchitect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in man
15、datory language for incorporation bythe Architect/Engineer.Guide for Design and Construction withAutoclaved Aerated Concrete PanelsReported by ACI Committee 523ACI 523.4R-09This guide is intended for use by architects, engineers, contractors,building officials, and manufacturers. Its purpose is to p
16、resent, in a singlesource, information that can help those individuals design, specify, andconstruct with factory-reinforced panels of autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC). In this guide, introductory information on AAC is first presented,followed by a description of its manufacture, guidance on structu
17、ral designusing reinforced panels, and guidance on construction with such panels.The body of this guide ends with an extensive background chapter on thematerial characteristics of AAC, and the structural behavior and design ofAAC elements.Keywords: autoclaved aerated concrete; construction; design;
18、panels;reinforced panels.CONTENTSForeword, p. 523.4R-2Chapter 1Introduction, p. 523.4R-21.1Definition of autoclaved aerated concrete1.2Typical mechanical and thermal characteristics of AAC1.3Historical background of AAC1.4Applications of AAC panels1.5Scope and objectivesChapter 2Notations and defini
19、tions, p. 523.4R-32.1Notation2.2DefinitionsChapter 3Typical materials and manufacture of AAC, p. 523.4R-43.1Materials used in AAC3.2Manufacture of AAC3.3Typical dimensions of AAC units3.4Dimensional tolerances3.5Identification and marking of AAC unitsRonald E. Barnett*Keith Itzler*Ali M. Memari Kons
20、tantin SobolevBill T. Dye Richard E. Klingner*Edgar Nunez Ron VermillionFouad H. FouadLeo A. Legatski John W. Rose Peter T. YenDean M. Golden Daniel L. Liotti Sylvester B. Schmidt Ronald F. ZolloWerner H. Gumpertz Frances A. McNeal-Page Caijun Shi*Subcommittee members who drafted this document.Chair
21、 of subcommittee that drafted this document.The committee would like to recognize past member Felipe Babbitt for his contributions to this guide.Edward M. (Ned) GlyssonChairJennifer E. Tanner*Secretary523.4R-2 ACI COMMITTEE REPORTChapter 4Structural design of reinforced AAC panels, p. 523.4R-64.1Int
22、roductory remarks regarding design provisions4.2Proposed design provisions for reinforced AAC panelsChapter 5Handling, erection, and construction with AAC panels, p. 523.4R-85.1Handling of AAC panels5.2Erection of AAC wall panels5.3Erection of AAC floor and roof panels5.4Electrical and plumbing inst
23、allations in AAC5.5Exterior finishes for AAC5.6Interior finishes for AAC panelsChapter 6Typical construction details for AAC panels, p. 523.4R-96.1Cladding wall panel systems6.2Load-bearing vertical wall panel systems6.3Floor and roof detailsChapter 7Technical justification for proposed design provi
24、sions, p. 523.4R-197.1Key mechanical characteristics of AAC7.2Bond strength between factory-installed wirereinforcement and AAC7.3Flexural design of AAC beam elements7.4Control of deflections7.5Shear design of AAC beam elements7.6Shear design of AAC shear walls7.7Special provisions to avoid longitud
25、inal cracking atlocations of vertical reinforcement7.8Design of AAC diaphragms7.9Strength-reduction factorsChapter 8References, p. 523.4R-598.1Referenced standards and reports8.2Cited referencesAppendix AProposed design provisions,p. 524.3R-61Appendix BCommentary on proposed design provisions, p. 52
26、3.4R-67Appendix CDesign examples, p. 523.4R-72Example 1: Design of an AAC floor panelExample 2: Design of an AAC shear wallExample 3: Design of an AAC diaphragmExample 4: Design of load-bearing vertical wall panelFOREWORDThis guide is intended for use by architects, engineers,contractors, building o
27、fficials, and manufacturers. Itspurpose is to present, in a single source, information that canhelp those individuals design, specify and construct withfactory-reinforced panels of autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC). In this guide, introductory information on AAC isfirst presented, followed by a descr
28、iption of its manufacture,guidance on structural design using reinforced panels, andguidance on construction with such panels. The body of thisguide ends with an extensive background chapter on thematerial characteristics of AAC, and the structural behaviorand design of AAC elements.Because design a
29、nd construction provisions already existfor AAC masonry made from masonry-type units withoutfactory-installed reinforcement, this guide touches onlybriefly on AAC masonry. This guide addresses design,specification, and construction needs for factory-reinforcedpanels for which comparable design and c
30、onstructionprovisions do not yet exist. It does this through a combinationof background material and design guidance, written innonmandatory format.This guide is intended as a starting point for the developmentof mandatory-language design provisions, under the mandate ofACI 318 or other committee so
31、 designated by ACI. To facilitatethat process, the design provisions proposed in this guide,though written in nonmandatory language as required byACI, are arranged to follow the format of ACI 318-05.CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1Definition of autoclaved aerated concreteAutoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), a
32、 form of cellularconcrete, is a low-density cementitious product of calciumsilicate hydrates in which the low density is obtained by theformation of macroscopic air bubbles, mainly by chemicalreactions within the mass during the liquid or plastic phase.The air bubbles are uniformly distributed and a
33、re retained inthe matrix on setting, hardening, and subsequent curing withhigh-pressure steam in an autoclave to produce a homogeneousstructure of macroscopic voids, or cells (Fig. 1.1). Materialspecifications for this product are prescribed in ASTM C1386.1.2Typical mechanical and thermal characteri
34、stics of AACIn Table 1.1, typical mechanical and thermal characteristicsof AAC are compared with those of conventional concrete,including conventional concrete made with lightweightaggregates. AAC typically has one-sixth to one-third thedensity of conventional concrete, and about the same ratio ofco
35、mpressive strength, making it suitable for cladding andinfill panels and for bearing-wall components of low- tomedium-rise structures. Throughout this guide, “density” isdefined consistently with ASTM C1386, because AAC isdefined by C1386. In C1386, what is referred to as “density” isactually a unit
36、 weight, with units of lb/ft3(U.S. customary)and units of kgf/m3(old metric). This definition is not strictlycorrect, nor is it consistent with ACI policy for SI units. It ismaintained herein for consistency with ASTM C1386.The thermal conductivity of AAC is 6 to 7.5% that ofconventional concrete, m
37、aking it energy-efficient. Its firerating is slightly longer than that of conventional concrete ofthe same thickness, making it useful in applications wherefire resistance is important.AAC has excellent acoustical properties. Because of itscharacteristic high internal porosity, AAC has very high sou
38、ndabsorption. Because of its lower density, AAC is not asresistant to sound transmission as conventional concrete of theDESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION WITH AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE PANELS 523.4R-3same thickness. When typical element thicknesses are used,however, AAC has excellent resistance to sound tra
39、nsmission.1.3Historical background of AACAAC was first produced commercially in Sweden in 1923.Since that time, its production and use have spread to morethan 40 countries on all continents, including NorthAmerica, Central and South America, Europe, the MiddleEast, the Far East, and Australia. This
40、wide experience hasproduced many case studies of use in different climates andunder different building codes.In the United States, modern uses of AAC began in 1990for residential and commercial projects in the southeasternstates. United States production of plain and reinforced AACstarted in 1995 in
41、 the southeast, and has since spread to otherparts of the country. A nationwide group of AAC manufacturerswas formed in 1998 as the Autoclaved Aerated ConcreteProducts Association. This guide is an effort by a subcommitteeof ACI Committee 523, which includes manufacturers,designers, and researchers,
42、 to propose standard design andconstruction guidelines for reinforced AAC panels.1.4Applications of AAC panelsAAC can be used to make unreinforced, masonry-typeunits, and also factory-reinforced floor panels, roof panels,wall panels, lintels, beams, and other special shapes (Fig. 1.2).These elements
43、 can be used in a variety of applications,including residential, commercial, and industrial construction.Reinforced wall panels can be used as cladding systems aswell as load-bearing and non-load-bearing exterior and interiorwall systems. Reinforced floor and roof panels can be usedefficiently to pr
44、ovide a structures horizontal diaphragmsystem while supporting the necessary gravity loads.1.5Scope and objectivesThis guide is limited to AAC with a density of 50 lb/ft3(800 kg/m3) or less. It is written for structural designers. Itaddresses design using factory-reinforced AAC panels.Design of AAC
45、masonry is addressed in other documents(Masonry Standards Joint Committee 2005a,b).Design documents produced by ACI technical committeesare classified as standards or nonstandards. The latterinclude guides, which are intended to present directions foranalysis, design, construction, materials, or tes
46、ting on ageneral basis. Their language is nonmandatory, permittingthe user latitude in judgment concerning particular needs.The objectives of this guide are to:Review the basic characteristics of AAC;Provide a brief history of structural applications of AAC;Review the fabrication of AAC panels;Recom
47、mend structural design procedures for factory-reinforced AAC panels; andRecommend construction details for use with factory-reinforced AAC panels.The structural design procedures and construction detailsrecommended in this guide are intended to result in AACpanels with reliable structural capacity,
48、durability, appearance,and overall serviceability.CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS2.1NotationA = area of wall, in.2(mm2)As= effective cross-sectional area of horizontalreinforcement in AAC panel, in.2 (mm2)d = distance from centroid of tension steel to fiber atmaximum compressive strain (taken as 0
49、.8lwfor ashear wall), in. (mm)Table 1.1Typical physical characteristics of AACCharacteristic AAC Conventional concreteDensity,*lb/ft3(kg/m3)25 to 50(400 to 800)90 to 150(1442 to 2400)Compressive strength fc, psi (MPa)290 to 1100(2.0 to 7.6)2500 to 8000(17.2 to 55)Moisture content after autoclaving30% Moisture content in use 5 to 15% Coefficient of thermal expansion/F (/C)4.5 106(8.1 106)5 106(9 106)Coefficient of creep,per psi (per MPa)5 107(0.72 104)2.5 107(0.36 104)Drying shrinkage(csby ASTM C1386)0.8cs
