1、 Front cover photo: Rising above the grassy plain in the center of Chichn Itz is the giant Pyramid of Kukulcn constructed 1100-1300 A.D. Early Spanish visitors to the city referred to the pyramid as EI Castillo (“he Castle). Chichn Itz, the ancient city whose name means “in the mouth at the Itzes We
2、ll,” was, in its time of grandeur (between 800 and 1200 A.D.), the center of political, religious and military power in Yucatn. O J.Andrezj Wrotniak Innovations in Design with Emphasis on Seismic, Wind, and Environmental Loading; Quality Control and Innovations in MaterialdHot- Weather E ditor V. M.
3、 Malhotra Concreting international SP-209 DISCUSSION of individual papers in this symposium may be submitted in accordance with general requirements of the AC1 Publication Policy to AC1 headquarters at the address given below. Closing date for submission of discussion is June 2003. All discussion ap
4、proved by the Technical Activities Committee along with closing remarks by the authors will be published in the September/October 2003 issue of either AC1 Structural Journal or AC1 Materials Journal depending on the subject emphasis of the individual paper. The Institute is not responsible for the s
5、tatements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to, supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. The papers in this volume have been reviewed under Institute publication
6、 procedures by individuals expert in the subject areas of the papers. Copyright O 2002 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48333-9094 All rights reserved, including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any phot
7、o process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Printed in the United States of America
8、Editorial production: Bonnie L. Schmick Library of Congress catalog card number: 20021 13749 ISBN: 0-87031-089-5 In December 1991, the American Concrete Institute sponsored an intemational conference on Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures and Innovations in Design. This was in keepi
9、ng with the mission of the Institute, and the focus on emerging concrete technology in the Pacific Rim region, and to provide technical support for a growing number in AC1 international chapters and members. The conference was held in Hong Kong, December 2-6, 1991. More than 80 papers were in the co
10、nference proceedings published by AC1 as SP-128. As a follow-up to the very successful Hong Kong conference, the AC1 Board of Direction approved a second international conference to be held in 1994. The theme of the conference, held in Singapore, was High Performance Concrete. The proceedings of thi
11、s conference were published as AC1 SP-149. The third international conference in this series was held in 1997 in Kuala Lumpur. The theme of the conference was High-Performance Concrete, Design and Materials; and Recent Advances in Concrete Technology. The proceedings of the conference were published
12、 as AC1 SP-172. In September 2000, the fourth international conference was held in Seoul, Korea. This conference was titled Repair, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Concrete Structures, and Innovations in Design and Construction. Conference proceedings were published as AC1 SP-193. The fifth AC1 i
13、nternational conference was held in Cancun, Mexico in December 2002. The theme of the conference was Innovation in Design with Emphasis on Seismic, Wind and Environmental Loading; Quality Control and Innovation in MaterialsHot Weather Concreting. Sixty-nine papers were reviewed in accordance with AC
14、1 review procedures, and 48 accepted for publication as AC1 SP-209. Twenty-one were selected for presentation and for publication as supplementary papers. To all those authors whose submissions could not be included in the conference program, the Institute and the International Conference Executive
15、Steering Committee extends their sincere appreciation for their interest and hard work. Special thanks are offered to members of the AC1 Review Panel, who met in December 2001 to review the submissions. Without their prompt review and constructive comments, it would not have been possible to publish
16、 AC1 SP-209 for distribution at the conference. The cooperation of the authors in accepting reviewers suggestions and revising their manuscripts accordingly, is greatly appreciated. The help and assistance of William R. Tolley, AC1 Executive Vice President, and his staff in performing the administra
17、tive duties associated with this conference are gratefully acknowledged. Particular thanks are extended to Phyllis Erebor, SpeakerManuscript Liaison Officer, for her dedication to the conference work. Editor V. M. Malhotra, Chairman AC1 2002 Fifth International Conference on Innovation in Design wit
18、h Emphasis on Seismic, Wind and Environmental Loading; Quality Control and Innovation in MateriaMHot Weather Concreting. EFFECT OF CURING IN A HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE INCORPORATING DIFFERENT COMPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS by R. Rivera-Villarreal and J.
19、M. Rivera-Torres . .l MARINE EXPOSURE OF HIGH-STRENGTH LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE byG.C.Hoff 29 PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE IN HOT WEATHER by P. K. Mehta .47 EFFECT OF FIBER REINFORCEMENT ON RESIDUAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH- STRENGTH CONCRETE UNDER ELEVATED TEMPERATURE by T. Horiguchi, T. Takan
20、o, N. Saeki, and T. D. Lin . .53 THE 1999 TEHUACN (Mw = 7.0) AND OAXACA (Mw = 7.5) MEXICAN EARTHQUAKES: LESSONS LEARNED by S. M. Alcocer, C. Reyes, D. Bitrn, O. Lpez-Btiz, R. Durn-Hernndez, and L.Flores 65 SHEAR STUD PERFORMANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT POLYSTYRENE CONCRETE COMPOSITE SECTIONS by Y. Lin, J. M.
21、 Ingham, and J. W. Butterworth .89 PARCEL 6 DEVELOPMENT, CENTRAL ARTERYITUNNEL PROJECT, BOSTON, MASSACHUSEITS by B. S. Moffat and E. P. White .lo9 BEHAVIOR OF FLARED-COLUMN BENTS UNDER SEISMIC LOADING by H. M. Nada, D. H. Sanders, M. Saiidi, and S. El-Azazy .133 MECHANICAL, THERMAL, AND ACOUSTICAL P
22、ROPERTIES OF CONCRETE CONTAINING VEGETABLE PARTICLES by L. Arnaud and V. Cerezo . .15 1 SUSTAINABLE AND DURABLE REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION by V. Corinaldesi, G. Moriconi, and F. Tittarelli . .169 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND VALIDATION OF THE DESIGN TECHNIQUE USED FOR FRP STRENGTHENING OF RC BRIDG
23、ES byD.I.Kachlakev . 187 INNOVATIVE SEISMIC RETROFIT SCHEME FOR 215 FREMONT STREET BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA by N. R. Amin, D. Figueira, and V. Wan . ,207 vi Contents SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF A NON-DUCTILE CONCRETE FRAME BUILDING-ADAPAZARI, TURKEY by C. L. Thompson, B. T. Knight, and L. R.
24、 Redlinger. . ,231 QUANTITATIVE INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES STRENGTHENED WITH FXP COMPOSITES by M. A. Stames, N. J. Carino, and E. A. Kausel ,247 DESIGN OF PILE CAPS WITH STRUT-AND-TIE MODELS by J. Dimig, E. Rogalla, and J. Duntemann . ,269 STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE
25、 OF CEMENT TYPE, CEMENT CONTENT AND CONCRETE COVER THICKNESS ON THE RESISTANCE AND DURABILITY OF CONCRETES SUBJECTED TO CHLORIDE ION AGING by A. Joukoski, K. F. Portella, C. M. Garcia, A. Sales, O. Baron, and J.F.dePaula . 279 SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE PILES CONFINED IN FRP TUBES by H. El-Chabib,
26、M. Nehdi, and M. H. El Naggar . .297 ANALYSIS OF SHRINKAGE REDUCING ADMIXTURES ON DRYING SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE by C. Videla and C. Aguilar . .3 19 SUBSTITUTION OF FLY ASH, SLAG, AND ADMIXTURES IN FDOT CONCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTIONS byY.JinandN.Yazdani 347 BIAXIAL TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF THE REACTIVE POWDE
27、R CONCRETE by O. Pl, E. Astudillo de la Vga, G. Bernier, and O. Bayard .369 BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE LIQUID CONTAINING STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC LOADING by M. R. Kianoush, W. K. Tso, and M. Hamidi . .389 THREE MISUNDERSTANDINGS IN UNIAXIAL TENSION TEST OF CONCRETE by H. Akita, H. Koide, M. Tomon,
28、and S. M. Han . .405 EVALUATION OF RESIDUAL STRENGTH OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO REVERSED CYCLIC TORSION by N. Kawaguchi, H. Kuga, and T. Yoda . .415 EXTREME CONCRETE by K. W. Awad, H. Mazen, and R. Fakih . .435 CREEP OF CONCRETE WITH SUBSTITUTION OF NORMAL AGGREGATE BY RECYCLED CONC
29、RETE AGGREGATE by J. M. V. Gmez-Sobern . .461 Cancun Conference Proceedings vi SHRINKAGE OF CONCRETE WITH REPLACEMENT OF AGGREGATE WITH RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE by J. M. V. Gmez-Sobern . .475 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE, UNDER ACCELERATED AGING, OF FOUR REPAIR S
30、YSTEMS FOR CONCRETE HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES by A. C. M. Kormann, K. F. Portella, P. N. Pereira, R. P. Santos, and A. Joukoski .497 STRUT AND TIE MODELS FOR STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION OF RC MEMBERS by S. G. Hong and S. G. Lee .513 SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF A RC BUILDING WITH COLUMNS REHABILITATED WITH STEEL
31、ANGLES AND STRAPS by S. M. Alcocer and R. Durn-Hernndez . .S3 1 SHAKE TABLE STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF FOUNDATION KEXIBILITY ON SEISMIC DEMAND IN SUBSTANDARD BRIDGE PIERS by M. Saiidi, B. Gopalakrishnan, and R. Siddharthan SS3 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS WITH PRECA
32、ST FLOOR SYSTEM by O. Lpez-Btiz and H. Silva-Olivera . .S7 1 INFLUENCE OF THE VARIATION OF CEMENT SOURCE ON HOT WEATHER CONCRETING by G. A. Arenes-Oliva, M. Bergin, and A. M. Zayed . .593 EVALUATION OF IN-PLACE FLEXURAL STRENGTH CONCRETE USING COMPRESSIVE AND SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTHS FOR CAST AND
33、 CORED SPECIMEN by W. W. Taylor, S. D. Palmer, and R. W. Kukes .609 MONITORING PRESTRESS LOSSES IN HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE by R. L. Idriss . .62 1 BEAMS WITH A BUILT-IN FIBER OPTIC MONITORING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE-BASED EVALUATION OF RECTANGULAR RC STRUCTURES USING A FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM MODEL by J. M.
34、 Barron and M. B. D. Hueste .641 BEHAVIOR OF RCS BEAM-COLUMN-SLAB SUBASSEMBLIES UNDER EARTHQUAKE-TYPE LOADING by X. Liang, G. J. Parra-Montesinos, and J. K. Wight .661 viii Contents PERFORMANCE OF SACRIFICIAL EXTERIOR SHEAR KEYS UNDER SIMULATED SEISMIC LOADING by P. F. Silva, S. Megally, and F. Seib
35、le . 681 THERMAL EFFECTS ON CHLORIDE DIFFUSION IN CONCRETE by B. D. Miller, M. A. Miltenberger, and E. K. Attiogbe ,701 SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF MORTAR SURFACES DURING CURING by L. Kindervater, R. Luna, and A. Belarbi . ,717 THE PERFORMANCE OF FIBER REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETES EXPOSED AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
36、S by G. Giaccio and R. Zerbino ,733 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM-COLUMN DESIGN: AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH byM.E.Haque . 757 ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS EVALUATION METHODS BASED ON LOCAL SEISMIC DEMANDS by H. S. Lew and S. K. Kunnath ,771 HYBRID FIBERS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRACKING IN
37、CONCRETE by J. S. Lawler, D. Zampini, and S. P. Shah. .791 FERRO-SILICATE SLAG FROM ISF ZINC PRODUCTION AS A SAND REPLACEMENT: A REVIEW by R. Hooper, C. McGrath, C. Momson, and K. Lardner 311 EFFECT OF REINFORCING BAR CONTAMINATION ON STEEL-CONCRETE BOND DURING CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION by L. H. Taber,
38、A. Belarbi, and D. N. Richardson . 839 SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF ECCENTRIC R/C BEAM-COLUMN-SLAB CONNECTIONS UNDER SEQUENTIAL LOADING IN TWO PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONS by B. Burak and J. K. Wight . 863 STRENGTHENING RECTANGULAR CONCRETE COLUMNS USING FRP: A NEW TECHNIQUE by T. Rizk, I. Mahfouz, and S. Sarkani .
39、881 THERMAL CYCLIC TESTING ON A CONCRETE SANDWICH PANEL SYSTEM by R. K. Devalapura, J. M. Seng, M. E McBride, D. W. Winiarski, and B. D. Johnson . .905 SP 209-1 Effect of Curing in a High Temperature Environment on Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporating Different Com p I e menta ry Ceme nt i
40、t i o us Materials by R. Rivera-Villarreal and J. M. Rivera-Torres Svnopsis: This paper provides results of different types of curing in hot weather environment on the compressive strength of concrete made with portland cement and complementary cementitious materials (CCM) such as natural pozzolans,
41、 fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and silica fume (SF). In all con- crete mixtures, a superplasticizing admixture (SPA) was used. Nine series of concrete mixture were made. In seven of them (1,2, 3,4,5, 6 and 9) the normal portland cement (NPC) content was 200 kg/m3 and in two of
42、them (7 and 8) the same amount of cement was used but it was a portland-natural pozzolan cement (PNPC). The CCM varies from 9.9 to 60.6% of the total cemen- titious material. The W/C in all series was 0.70 when using NPC or PNPC. The W/C+CM varied from 0.28 to 0.63. In all series the same amount of
43、1260 kg/m3 of coarse aggregate was used. Five different ways of curing were used. One was the initial and final ASTM curing at 23C up till the age of testing as reference, and four different ways of curing in hot weather environment at 37C for the first 24h were used. These final curings were: A) AS
44、TM; F) three day and G) seven-day water spray for 15 minutes every 2h; and (E) covered by two layers of membrane. Adequate compressive strength development (CSD) can be obtained using CCM but very good curing is necessary. Generally, by casting specimens at 37C and put them under ASTM curing next da
45、y at 2322C (A), the strength at 28 days was lowered by about 8% and at six months by about 8% lower than these casting at 23C. Membrane curing was less effective at later ages mainly when fly ash was used. There exist an optimum amount of fly ash to obtain maximum compressive strength at later ages.
46、 Kevwords: compressive strength; final curing; fly ash; high temperature; membrane; portland cement; pozzolans; silica fume; slag; superplasticizer 1 2 Rivera-Villarreal and Rivera-Torres R. Rivera-Villarreal, Professor Emeritus in Civil Engineering at the Universidad Autnoma de Nuevo Len (UANL), is
47、 AC1 and RILEM Fellow and AC1 Honorary Member, member of AC1 Committees 120, 236, E 701, E 802, E 803. Researcher Level II National Program of Researchers. President of the Education Activities Committee and Advisor of the FIC-UANL AC1 Student Chapter of the North East Mxico Chapter. Chairman of the
48、 RILEM 158 AHC. Chief of Concrete Technology Department at the Civil Engineering institute, Titular Professor of Concrete Technology and Laboratory at the School of Civil Engineering (FIC), UANL, Monteney. J. Rivera-Torres: Civil Engineer, Research Assistant, and Concrete Technology Laboratory Profe
49、ssor Assistant at the School of Civil Engineering at UANL, Monterrey. Accredited as examiner for AC1 Certification of Field Technicians on Reinforced Concrete Structures. INTRODUCTION in September 2000, the Strategic Development Council of the U. S. concrete industry launched an interesting project for the hture of the concrete industry; a Unified Vision for concrete technology and its social impact 30 years from now; it was called Vision 2030. Predicting that by the year 2030 the industry will make processing impro
