1、Copyright 2015, The Aluminum Association, Inc. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission ofThe Alumi
2、num Association, Inc.9 780986 36310859999ISBN 978-0-9863631-0-8$395.002015 Aluminum Design ManualTable of ContentsParT TiTleForewordI Specification for Aluminum StructuresII Commentary on the Specification for Aluminum Structures III Design GuideIV Material PropertiesV Section PropertiesVI Design Ai
3、dsVII Illustrative Examples VIII Guidelines for Aluminum Sheet Metal Work in Building ConstructionAppendix 1 SI Guide IndexFOreWOrDThe Aluminum Design Manual includes an aluminum structural design specification and accompanying commentary, a supplemental design guide, material properties, properties
4、 of common shapes, design aid tables, illustrative design examples, and guidelines for aluminum sheet metal used in construction. This edition of the Aluminum Design Manual is the product of the efforts of the Aluminum Association Engineering and Design Task Force, whose members are listed below.The
5、 Aluminum Association Engineering and Design Task ForceSteve Sunday, Alcoa Inc., ChairTony Anderson, ITW Welding North AmericaFrank Armao, Lincoln Electric Co.Tanya Dolby, Kawneer Company, Inc.Randy Kissell, The TGB PartnershipGeorge Olive, Enclos CorporationGerald Orrison, CST CoversTeoman Pekz, Co
6、rnell UniversityFrank Shoup, Alcoa Inc.Robert W. Walton, ConsultantRonald D. Ziemian, Bucknell UniversityJohn Weritz, The Aluminum Association, Inc.The Aluminum Design Manual is offered as a guideline only and The Aluminum Association, Aluminum Associations Engineering and Design Task Force and memb
7、ers thereof assume no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any information contained herein and make no representation, warranty expressed or implied, or guarantee whatsoever as to the accuracy of the information or the applicability of such information with respect to the design, engineering
8、or construction of any structure. The use of this Manual by members and non-members of The Aluminum Association is voluntary and the issuance or existence of this Manual does not in any respect prevent or restrict any member or non-member from manufacturing, designing, supplying, constructing, or us
9、ing products not in conformance with this Manual.Please check www.aluminum.org for postings of 2015 Aluminum Design Manual errata.Aluminum Design ManualPART ISpecifi cation for Aluminum StructuresJanuary 2015 I - 3ISpecifi cation for Aluminum Structures FOREWORDThe fi rst edition of the Specifi cati
10、on for Aluminum Structures was published in November, 1967, followed by subsequent editions in 1971, 1976, 1982, 1986, 1994, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. This 10th edition of the Specifi cation, developed as a consensus document, includes new or revised provisions concerning material specifi cations
11、(A.3.1) modulus of elasticity, compressive yield strength and shear ultimate strength (A.3.1) cast alloy strengths (A.3.3) effective net area (D.3.2) axial compression member buckling strength (E.2) alternative methods for determining column and beam elastic strengths (E.2, F.2.1.4) fl exural streng
12、th (F.1, F.2, F.3, F.4) shear in webs supported on one edge (G.3) shear strengths of rods (G.5) shear and torsional strengths (G.1, H.2) welded connections (J.2) slip-critical connections (J.3.7) pins (J.6) fabrication of edges (M.2, M.4) contact with dissimilar materials (M.7) quality control and q
13、uality assurance (Chapter N) testing (Appendix 1) fatigue (Appendix 3)The Aluminum Association gratefully acknowledges the efforts of the Engineering Advisory Committee in developingthe Specifi cation.THE ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION ENGINEERING ADVISORY COMMITTEESteve Sunday, Alcoa Inc., ChairTony Anderson
14、, ITW Welding North AmericaFrank Armao, Lincoln Electric Co.Tanya Dolby, Kawneer Company, Inc.Randy Kissell, The TGB PartnershipGeorge Olive, Enclos Corp.Gerald Orrison, CST CoversTeoman Pekz, Cornell UniversityFrank Shoup, Alcoa Inc.Robert W. Walton, ConsultantRonald D. Ziemian, Bucknell University
15、John Weritz, The Aluminum Association, Inc.Robert E. Abendroth, Iowa State UniversityJoseph Bowman, Hapco American FlagTerence Cavanagh, TJC and Associates, Inc.Karen C. Chou, Northwestern UniversityCynthia Ebert, Larson Engineering, Inc.Michael Feldberg, Valmont Industries, Inc.Andrew J. Hinkle, Wy
16、leJames LaBelle, Computerized Structural DesignLeRoy Lutz, Computerized Structural DesignKen Walerius, Permasteelisa North AmericaI - 4 January 2015ISpecifi cation for Aluminum Structures GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES ON THE SPECIFICATION FOR ALUMINUM STRUCTURESTechnical inqu
17、iries to obtain an interpretation or request a revision to the Specifi cation for Aluminum Structures should be directed to:Vice President, Standards and Technologyjweritzaluminum.orgThe Aluminum Association1525 Wilson Blvd, Suite 600Arlington, VA 22209www.aluminum.orgComments on other parts of the
18、Aluminum Design Manual are also welcome.Inquiries should include the inquirers name, affi liation, and address. Each inquiry should address a single section of the Specifi cation unless the inquiry involves two or more interrelated sections. The section and edition of the Specifi cation should be id
19、entifi ed. Requests for interpretations should be phrased, where possible, to permit a “yes“ or “no“ answer and include the necessary background information, including fi gures where appropriate. Requests for revisions should include proposed wording for the revision and technical justifi cation. In
20、quiries are considered at the fi rst meeting of the Engineering and Design Task Force following receipt of the inquiry. January 2015 I - 5ISpecifi cation for Aluminum Structures TABLE OF CONTENTSSymbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Chapter A General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20A.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A.3 MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . 21A.3.1 General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21A.3.1.1 Properties at Elevated Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . 21A.3.1.2 Temperature Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22A.3.2 Wrought Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . 22A.3.3 Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29A.3.4 Filler Metal for Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30A.3.5 Bolts, Washers, and Nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30A.3.6 Rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30A.3.7 Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Chapter B Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31B.1 SECTION PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.2 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.2.1 Building-Type Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.2.2 Bridge-Type Structur
31、es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.2.3 Other Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.
32、3 DESIGN BASIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.3.1 Limit States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.3.2 Required Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.3.2.1 Design for Strength Using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . 31B.3.2.2 Design for Strength Using Allowable Strength Design (ASD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.3.3 Design for Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . 32B.3.4 Design for Serviceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32B.3.5 Design for Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32B.3.6 Design for Fire Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32B.3.7 Design of Braces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32B.4 BUCKLING CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32B.5 ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33B.5.1 Width of Flat Elements and Stiffeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33B.5.2 Radius of Curved Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37B.5.3 Thickness of Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37B.5.4 Strength of Elements in Uniform Compres
40、sion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37B.5.4.1 Flat Elements Supported on One Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37B.5.4.2 Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37B.5.4.3 Flat Elements Supported on One Edge and with a Stiffener on the Other Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38B.5.4.4 Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges and with an Intermediate Stiffener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
42、8B.5.4.5 Round Hollow Elements and Curved Elements Supported on Both Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38B.5.4.6 Direct Strength Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39B.5.5 Strength of Elements in Flexural
43、 Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39B.5.5.1 Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39B.5.5.2 Flat Elements Supported on Tension Edge, Compress
44、ion Edge Free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39B.5.5.3 Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges and with a Longitudinal Stiffener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40I - 6 January 2015B.5.5.4 Pipes and Round Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40B.5.5.5 Direct Strength Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40B.5.6 Elastic Buckling Stress of Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B.6 FABRICATION AND ERECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B.7 QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B.8 EVALUATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Chapter C Design for Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42C.1 GENERAL STABILITY REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42C.2 CALCULATION OF REQUIRED STRENGTHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、 . . . . . . . . . . . 42C.3 CALCULATION OF AVAILABLE STRENGTHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Chapter D Design of Members for Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43D.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43D.2 TENSILE STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
