1、Standard Practice for Continuous Thermal Profile of Asphalt Mixture Construction AASHTO Designation: PP 80-171Tech Section: 5c, Quality Assurance and Environmental Release: Group 1 (April 2017) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 24
2、9 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-5c PP 80-1 AASHTO Standard Practice for Continuous Thermal Profile of Asphalt Mixture Construction AASHTO Designation: PP 80-171 Technical Section: 5c, Quality Assurance and Environmental Release: Group 1 (April 2017) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This work shall consist of continuous th
3、ermal profiling of the asphalt mat temperature immediately behind the trailing edge of the paver screed plate during placement operations. 1.2. This system includes a display that allows the operator in the field to view a pavement surface temperature contour plot and automatically stores and saves
4、the data for later review. 1.3. This standard practice is intended to be applied for construction quality control. 1.4. All tasks are the contractors responsibility, unless designated otherwise within this provision. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1. Definitions: 2.1.1. clouda Web-based user interface. 2.1.1.1. c
5、loud storagenetwork storage (typically the Internet) where the thermal profile data are stored in virtualized pools of storage. 2.1.1.2. cloud computingthe use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network to enable near, real-time visualization (maps)
6、 and manipulation of thermal profile data. 2.1.2. coordinate system a system that uses one or more numbers or coordinates to uniquely determine the position of a point or other geometric element on a manifold such as Euclidean space. 2.1.2.1. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)a satellite syst
7、em that is used to pinpoint the geographic location of a users receiver anywhere in the world. Three GNSS systems are currently in operation: the United States Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Federations Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and Europes Galileo. Each of
8、 the GNSS systems employs a constellation of orbiting satellites working in conjunction with a network of ground stations. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c PP 80-2 AASHTO 2.1.2.2. Gl
9、obal Positioning System (GPS)a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. 2.1.3. Distance Measuring Instrument (DMI)a sensor attached to a wheel on the
10、 paver to calculate distance and velocity. 2.1.4. indexmeasure or standard to quantify the uniformity of a hot- or warm-mix asphalt construction operation. 2.1.5. thermal profiling systemthe equipment used to measure the thermal profile. 2.1.5.1.1. contour plota graphic display of data using contour
11、 lines and/or color scales. These plots may display raw values or employ varying degrees of smoothing. 2.1.5.1.2. daily thermal coverage (DTC)the percent of thermal coverage (TC) for the given lot. 2.1.5.1.3. rangethe difference between the surface temperature readings at the 98.5 and 1 percentile.
12、2.1.5.1.4. surface temperature readingsthe temperatures of the mat immediately behind the paver screed during placement operations. 2.1.5.1.5. thermal coverage (TC)the percent of the total paving area, for the given lift, where surface temperature readings (meeting the requirements of this special p
13、rovision) are collected and stored. 2.1.5.1.6. thermal profilethe surface temperature readings and associated GNSS coordinates and time stamps. 2.1.6. Veta a standardized intelligent construction data management (ICDM) software that stores, maps and analyzes geospatial data resulting from intelligen
14、t compaction, thermal profiling and spot test data (e.g., density, moisture). This software can perform standardized data processing, analysis and reporting to provide project summary results quickly in the field from various intelligent compaction and thermal profiling manufacturers. In particular,
15、 the software can provide statistics, histograms, correlations for these measurements, document coverage area and evaluate the uniformity of compaction and surface temperature measurements as part of the project quality control operations. Veta can be downloaded from the Advanced Materials and Techn
16、ology Website. (Software can be downloaded from ) 3. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 3.1. Equipment Requirements: 3.1.1. Thermal Profile System Supplieruse a thermal equipment supplier that can provide a qualified representative for on-site technical assistance during the initial setup, pre-construction v
17、erification, and data management and processing, as needed, during the project to maintain equipment within specifications and requirements. 3.1.2. Thermal Profile System Software: 3.1.2.1. Provide the agency with access to the cloud storage and cloud computing before the start of paving requiring t
18、he thermal profile method until ninety (90) days after final acceptance of all work. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c PP 80-3 AASHTO 3.1.2.2. Use thermal profiling software, and clou
19、d computing and storage, capable of collecting, mapping, retaining and analyzing the surface temperature readings during placement and exporting thermal profile data meeting the requirements of this provision and supporting the following features: 3.1.2.2.1. Filtering by surface temperature readings
20、/location (see Table 3). 3.1.2.2.2. Display through a map/graph: Surface temperature readings across the required width and with respect to a user defined sublot length, Paver speed and Paver stops (location and duration). 3.1.2.2.3. Provide the paving length and duration. 3.1.3. Thermal Profile Sys
21、tem: 3.1.3.1. System Requirements: 3.1.3.1.1. Use a thermal profile system that functions independently from the paving crew during normal paving operations. Initial data collection must be initiated by an operator. After initializing the equipment, no operator attendance shall be required for conti
22、nuous data collection. 3.1.3.1.2. Ensure that the power consumption of all installed equipment does not exceed the capacity of the equipment providing operating power. Complete discharge of this system shall not impact the vehicles regular electrical system. 3.1.3.1.3. Calibration: (1) Ensure that t
23、he equipment consists of built-in provisions to facilitate the calibration and verification of each surface temperature reading signal, DMI, and GNSS. (2) These sensor(s) shall be calibrated at intervals not to exceed 12 months in conjunction with a calibration protocol. These recurrent calibrations
24、 shall ensure the accuracy of the data. 3.1.3.1.4. Provide the agency with thermal system(s) calibrated and installed according to manufacturers recommendations. 3.1.3.1.5. Ensure the thermal system meets the requirements of Table 1 and is instrumented with the following: Table 1Thermal Profile Syst
25、em Requirements Parameter Requirement Longitudinal and Lateral Surface Temperature Readings 305 mm 12.0 in. intervals at all paving speeds Tolerance: 25 mm 1 in. Surface Temperature Readings Total Measurement Width Traffic / Required Auxiliary Lane(s) paved in one pass. Surface Temperature Readings
26、Range: 0 to 250C 32 to 480F Accuracy: 2C 3.6F or 2.0 percent of the sensor reading, whichever is greater. GNSSaAccuracy: 1.2 m 4 ft in the X and Y direction DMI EncoderaAccuracy: 0.025 aThe DMI and GNSS are both used for determination of the location of surface temperature measurements. The agency s
27、hall define whether both the GNSS and DMI encoder are required. (1) Modem, or Wi-Fi, for transferring data to cloud storage. (2) Onboard Documentation SystemUse an onboard documentation system with a minimum of the following capabilities: 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transpo
28、rtation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c PP 80-4 AASHTO (2.1) Displays (in real time) a map of the surface temperature readings, total distance, paver speed and location in terms of station and/or GNSS coordinates. (2.2) Reports the surface temperatur
29、e readings and GNSS status. (2.3) Provides real-time statistical summaries of the surface temperature readings. (2.4) Has the ability to manually export data using a removable media device. (2.5) Allows the operator to define the lot currently being placed. 3.1.3.2. Thermal Profiling Data: 3.1.3.2.1
30、. Export the thermal profiling data: (1) as dbase ASCII or Text Format, or (2) directly into Veta if a file format compatible with Veta is available (software can be downloaded from ). 3.1.3.2.2. Ensure the thermal profile date/time stamp is reflective of the local time zone for both mapped and expo
31、rted data. 3.1.3.2.3. Encrypt the data logged in the results files to prevent tampering or manipulation. 3.1.3.2.4. Include the information in Table 2 in the header of each data file or section. Include the fields in Table 3 with each data point. Table 2Required Information in Data Header Descriptio
32、n Example Data Agency project number, highway and/or section title Highway 77 Machine trade name ABC Company Machine ID Temp Bar Lateral spacing between surface temperature measurements, mm in. 305 12 Longitudinal spacing between surface temperature measurements, mm in. 305 12 Vertical distance betw
33、een temperature sensor(s) and mat, mm in. XXX 120 Reporting resolution for independent surface temperature datain the paver moving direction in. 305 12 Number of lateral surface temperature measurements/sensors 10 Number of surface temperature measurement data blocks 5000 Table 3Required Fields for
34、Each Data Block Data Field Name Example Data Date stamp, YYYYMMDD 20130607 Time stamp, HHMMSS.S (military format) 090504.0 (9 hr 5 min 4.0 s) Longitude, decimal degrees, with at least 8 significant digits 94.85920403 Latitude, decimal degrees, with at least 8 significant digits 45.22777335 Distance,
35、 m ft 0.3 1 Direction heading, degree angle, clockwise from the north; or calculated value, in Veta, using values from the other data blocks, m/min ft/min 45 Speed 9.1 30 Surface temperature reading/Location 1, C Fa143 290 Surface temperature reading/Location N, C Fa149 300 aSurface temperature read
36、ings/locations are numbered from 1 to N, left to right, in the direction of paving. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c PP 80-5 AASHTO Note 1 The variables defined in the table above ar
37、e given only as examples. Specific variables and their definitions may differ among agencies. 3.2. Design File: 3.2.1. The agency will create the background alignment file(s) containing, at a minimum, the following layers: centerline, station text, station tick marks, and labeling for exceptions. No
38、te 2Highly accurate horizontal positioning is not required since the required accuracy for the thermal profiling system is less than or equal to 1.2 m 4 ft. 3.2.2. The agency will provide the following within three (3) working days of contract approval: 3.2.2.1. 2D-DGN (or XML) and 2D-KMZ background
39、 alignment file(s); and Note 3Modify the required design file export requirement to include the format that the agency is able to export. The 2D-KMZ format is required for design files to be imported into the Veta software. 3.2.2.2. Coordinate system used to generate design file(s). 3.2.2.3. The age
40、ncy is allowed five (5) working days to update files with engineer-approved changes requested by the contractor. 3.3. Field StationingEnsure that field station markers, when used, match the centerline stationing used in the background alignment design file. 3.4. Thermal Profile System Setup on Paver
41、(s): 3.4.1. Instrument all pavers that are paving the traffic and required auxiliary lanes with the thermal profiling system. The thermal profiling system is not required on the secondary paver for instances where echelon paving is used to assist with the paving of auxiliary lanes not requiring ther
42、mal profiling. Secondary pavers are considered as those pavers that are not used for paving of traffic lanes, but are used for paving of approaches, ramps, intersecting streets, etc. 3.4.2. Ensure that the installed thermal profiling system takes measurements within 3 m 10 ft of the trailing edge of
43、 the screed plate and does not restrict the accuracy and functionality of the GNSS or DMI. 3.4.3. Ensure that brackets and/or other obstructions, used for pavement smoothness, that are located in the measurement area do not affect more than two (2) surface temperature readings recorded in the latera
44、l direction (see Table 3). 3.4.4. Verify that the surface temperature readings and the GNSS are working within the requirements of this provision when requested by the agency. 3.5. Definition of Lot and Sublot for Thermal Profiling: 3.5.1. Lot Establishment: 3.5.1.1. The agency defines a lot as all
45、asphalt paving for a given day, lift, material type and centerline offsets. 3.5.1.2. Distinctly identify the lots for thermal profile measurements. Ensure that the lot designations are digitally stored with the associated thermal profile measurements. See Appendix X1 “Standardized Naming Convention
46、for Lots” for example naming convention. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5c PP 80-6 AASHTO 3.5.2. Sublot Establishment Using Veta: 3.5.2.1. Once established, the agency will divide the
47、 lot into 45 linear m 150 linear ft sublots. Partial sublots will be treated as follows: 3.5.2.1.1. Lot 45 linear m 150 linear ft (1) Sublot 23 linear m 75 linear ft is combined with the previous sublot. (2) Sublot 23 linear m 75 linear ft is treated as one sublot. 3.5.2.1.2. Lot 45 linear m 150 lin
48、ear ft (1) Surface temperature readings from lot are treated as one sublot. Note 4Sublots of 45 linear m 150 linear ft are recommended as this is generally the approximate linear distance of one truckload of asphalt mixture. 3.5.2.2. Set the sublot “start” and “end” location for the given lot in Vet
49、a to correspond with the start and end of paving, respectively. Ensure that these locations are immediately adjacent to the beginning and end of the surface temperature readings. 3.6. Thermal Profile Measurements: 3.6.1. Collect thermal profiles on 100 percent of each lift for the following lanes: 3.6.1.1. Traffic lanes (excluding traffic lane tapers and roundabouts (exclude the traffic lane between the rou
