1、National Fuel Gas Code Handbook _ 6 _ _ Edited by Denise Beach Senior Engineer, NFPA With the complete text of the 2012 edition of NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code (:g NFPA National Fire Protection Association Quincy, Massachusetts EIGHTH EDITION American Gas Association Washington, DC Product Manage
2、ment: Michael S. Barresi, Jr. Development and Production: Irene Herlihy Copyediting: Pamela Nolan Permis ions: Josiane Domenici Art Direction: Cheryl Langway Illustrations: George Nichols m NFP Copyright 2011 National Fire Protection Association One Batterymarch Park Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471
3、 All rights reserved. Cover Design: Greenwood Associates Interior Design: Cheryl Langway Composition: Electronic Publishing Services, Inc. Manufacturing: Ellen Glisker PrintinglBinding: R. R. Donnelley/willard American Gas Association 400 N. Capitol St. NW Suite 450 Washington, DC 20001 Important No
4、tices and Disclaimers: Publication of this handbook is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPA , AGA, nor the contributors to
5、 this handbook guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connection with the information and opinions contained in this handbook. The NFPA, AGA, and the contributors shall in no event be Hable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, wh
6、ether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this handbook. This handbook is published with the understanding that the NFPA, AGA, and the contributors to this handbook are supplying information and opinion bu
7、t are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. NFPA codes, standards, recommended practice , and guides (“NFPA Documents“), including the NFPA Document that is the subject of th
8、is handbook, are made available for use subject to Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers, which appear at the end of this handbook and can also be viewed at www . njpa.orgldisciaimers. Notice Concerning Code Interpretations: Thi eighth edition of the National Fuel Code Handbook is based on the 201
9、2 edition of NFPA 54. All NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents“) are developed in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. The handbook contains the comple
10、te text of NFPA 54 and any applicable Formal Interpretations issued by the NFPA. This NFPA Document is accompanied by explanatory commentary and other supplementary materials. The commentary and supplementary materials in this handbook are not a part of the NFPA Document and do not constitute Formal
11、 Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible technical committees in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The commentary and supplementary materials, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the editor or other con
12、tributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees. The following are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association: National Fire Protection Association NFPA Life Safety Code and 10 I Building Construction and Safety Code and
13、 NFPA 5000 National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, and NEC National Fire Alarm Code and NFPA 72 NFPANo.: 54HB12 ISBN (book): 978-1-616-65131-2 ISBN (electronic product): 978-1-616-65132-9 Library of Congress Control No.: 2011931837 Printed in the United States of America 11 12 13 14 15 5 4 3 2 -Contents
14、Preface vii History of the National Fuel Gas Code ix About the Contributors xi About the Editor xiii PARTONE NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, 2012 Edition, with Commentary 1 1 Administration 3 1.1 Scope 3 1.2 Purpose 10 1.3 Retroactivity 10 1.4 Equivalency 11 1.5 Enforcement L 1 2 Referenced Publica
15、tions 13 2.1 General 13 2.2 NFPA Publications 13 2.3 Other Publications 14 2.4 References for Extract in Mandatory Sections 15 3 Definitions 17 4 3.1 General 17 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions 17 3.3 General Definitions 18 General 37 4.1 Qualified Agency 37 4.2 Interruption of Service 37 4.3 Preventio
16、n of Accidental Ignition 38 5 Gas Piping System Design, Materials, and Components 41 5.1 PipingPLan 41 5.2 Provision for Location of Point of Delivery 43 5.3 Interconnections Between Gas Piping Systems 43 5.4 Sizing of Gas Piping System 44 5.5 Piping System Operating Pressure Limitations 49 5.6 Acce
17、ptable Piping Materials and Joining Methods 50 5.7 Gas Meters 62 5.8 Gas Pressure Regulators 64 5.9 Overpressure Protection Devices 67 5.10 Back Pressure Protection 71 5.11 Low-Pressure Protection 71 5.12 Shutoff Valves 72 5.13 Excess Flow Valve(s) 72 5.14 Expansion and Flexibility 72 6 Pipe Sizing
18、75 6.1 Pipe Sizing Methods 75 6.2 Tables for Sizing Gas Piping Systems Using Natural Gas 77 6.3 Tables for Sizing Gas Piping Sy terns Using Propane 102 6.4 Sizing Equations 116 7 Gas Piping Installation 117 7.1 Piping Underground 117 7.2 Installation of Piping 125 7.3 Concealed Piping in Buildings 1
19、28 7.4 Piping in Vertical Chases 130 7.5 Gas Pipe Turns 131 7.6 Drips and Sediment Traps 132 iii iv Contents 7.7 Outlets 133 7.8 Branch Pipe Connection 135 7.9 Manual Gas Shutoff Valves 135 7.10 Prohibited Devices 137 7.11 Systems Containing Gas-Air Mixture Outside the Flammable Range 137 7.12 Syste
20、ms Containing Flammable Ga -Air Mixtures 137 7.13 Electrical Bonding and Grounding 140 7.14 Electrical Circuits 142 7.15 Electrical Connections 142 8 Inspection, Testing, and Purging 145 8.1 Pressure Testing and Inspection 145 8.2 Piping System Leak Check 150 8.3 Purging Requirements 153 9 Appliance
21、, Equipment, and Accessory Installation 157 9.1 General 158 9.2 Accessibility and Clearance 171 9.3 Air for Combustion and Ventilation 171 9.4 Appliance on Roofs 196 9.5 Appliances in Attics 199 9.6 Appliance and Equipment Connections to Building Piping 200 9.7 Electrical 206 9.8 Room Temperature Th
22、ermostats 206 10 Installation of Specific Appliances 209 10.1 General 210 10.2 Air-Conditioning Appliances (Gas-Fired Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps) 211 10.3 Central Heating Boilers and Furnaces 216 10.4 Clothes Dryer 227 10.5 Conversion Burners 231 10.6 Decorative Appliances for Installation in V
23、ented Fireplaces 231 10.7 Ga Fireplaces, Vented 233 10.8 Non-Recirculating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters 234 10.9 Recirculating Direct Gas-Fired Industrial Air Heaters 236 10.10 Duct Furnaces 237 10.11 Floor Furnaces 239 10.12 Food Service Appliance, Floor-Mounted 241 10.13 Food Service Ap
24、pliances, Counter Appliances 244 10.14 Hot Plate and Laundry Stoves 244 10.15 Household Cooking Appliances 244 10.16 Illuminating Appliances 247 10.17 Incinerators, Commercial-Industrial 248 10.18 Infrared Heaters 248 10.19 Open-Top Broiler Units 249 10.20 Outdoor Cooking Appliances 250 10.21 Pool H
25、eaters 251 10.22 Refrigerators 252 10.23 Room Heaters 252 10.24 Stationary Gas Engine 255 10.25 Gas-Fired Toilets 255 10.26 Unit Heaters 256 10.27 Wall Furnaces 258 10.28 Water Heaters 260 10.29 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicular Fuel Systems 263 10.30 Appliances for Installation in Manufactured
26、 Housing 263 10.31 Fuel Cell Power Plants 264 10.32 Outdoor Open Flame Decorative Appliances 264 11 Procedures to Be Followed to Place Appliance in Operation 267 11.1 Adjusting the Burner Input 267 11.2 Primary Air Adjustment 272 11.3 Safety Shutoff Devices 272 11.4 Automatic Ignition 273 11.5 Prote
27、ctive Devices 273 11.6 Checking the Draft 273 11.7 Operating Instructions 274 12 Venting of Appliances 275 12.1 Minimum Safe Performance 278 12.2 General 278 12.3 Specification for Venting 279 12.4 Design and Construction 282 12.5 Type of Venting System to Be Used 286 12.6 Masonry, Metal, and Factor
28、y-Built Chimneys 290 12.7 Gas Vents 299 12.8 Single-Wall Metal Pipe 308 12.9 Through-the-Wall Vent Termination 312 12.10 Condensation Drain 315 12.11 Vent Connectors for Category I Appliances 315 12.12 Vent Connectors for Category II, Category III, and Category IV Appliances 321 12.13 Draft Hoods an
29、d Draft Controls 321 12.14 Manually Operated Dampers 323 12.15 Automatically Operated Vent Dampers 324 12.16 Obstructions 324 2012 National Fuel Gas Code Handbook 13 Sizing of Category I Venting Systems 327 13.1 Additional Requirements to Single Appliance Vent 329 13.2 Additional Requirements to Mul
30、tiple-Appliance Vent 343 Annexes A Explanatory Material 363 B Sizing and Capacities of Gas Piping 365 C Suggested Method of Checking for Leakage 389 D Sugge ted Emergency Procedure for Gas Leaks 393 E Flow of Gas Through Fixed Orifices 395 F Sizing of Venting Systems Serving Appliances Equipped with
31、 Draft Hoods, Category I Appliance , and Appliances Listed for U e with Type B Vents 405 G Recommended Procedure for Safety In pection of an Existing Appliance Installation 433 H Indoor Combu tion Air Calculation Examples 437 I Example of Combination of Indoor and Outdoor Combu tion and Ventilation
32、Opening Design 445 2012 National Fuel Gas Code Handbook J Other Useful Definition 447 K Enforcement 451 L Informational Reference 453 PART TWO Supplements 459 Contents V 1 Development of Revised Venting Guidelines 461 2 Fuel Gas Odorization 481 3 Procedure to E timate Infiltration Rate for Residenti
33、al Structures 489 4 Calculation Worksheets 497 5 Clearance Distance for Ga Appliance Sidewall Venting 507 6 Purging 517 7 Technical/Substantive Changes from the 2009 Edition to the 2012 Edition of NFPA 54 521 Index 535 Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers 545 -Preface This eighth edition of the N
34、ational Fuel Gas Code Handbook continues the work begun in 1988 to help users of the National Fuel Gas Code to understand and use the code more easily. The code must be written using a technically clear, usable, and enforceable style uitable for adoption into law. This handbook provides commentary t
35、hat brings the legalistic language of the code to life. This handbook has grown considerably since its fir t edition, published in 1988. New material in the code account for part of this growth, but most of the increase comes from added commentary, revi ed supplements, and calculation worksheets tha
36、t are intended to be reproduced and used. The purpose of this handbook is to assist enforcers or user of the National Fuel Gas Code in installing gas piping, gas appliances, and venting for gas appliances. The 2012 edition of the code contains several important changes. The reader is referred to Sup
37、plement 7, Technical/Substantive Changes from the 2009 Edition to the 2012 Edition of NFPA 54, where the significant changes and the reasons thereof are explained. Acknowledgments The contributions of all those who participated in the development of this eigbth edition of the handbook are very much
38、appreciated. First and foremost, I express gratitude to tbe National Fuel Gas Code Committee, the autbor of the code. The committees attention to technical detail and hard work within the con ensus code-making process make NFPA 54 a document that commands respect. For each edition, the assistance of
39、 experts in a field covered by the code is obtained to a sist in keeping the commentary up to date, to the degree po sible. The development of this eighth edition of the National Fuel Gas Code Handbook was assisted by two contributors, William Raleigh and Franklin Switzer. In addition, I thank Paul
40、Cabot, committee secretary and staff liai on to the ANSI Z223 committee, for his review of the commentary and recommendations to improve the book. Of cour e, any edition of a book builds on the editions that have preceded it, and the fol lowing people are acknowledged for their work on previou editi
41、on of this handbook: Richard White, Orrin Burwell, J. Herbert Witte, and Forrest G. Hammaker, Jr., assisted with the editing of the inaugural edition of the National Fuel Gas Code Handbook in 1988. Joseph Drechsler contributed significantly to the second edition, published in 1992. Alan Callahan ass
42、isted with the editing of the second edition. Committee members Ross Burnside and Mike Gorham were contributing authors to the third edition. Robert Borgeson and Bradford Wong were contributing authors to the fourth edition. Bradley Wong and Jay Mullowney were contributing authors to the fifth editi
43、on. Jim Brewer and Roger Rotundo were contributing authors to the sixth edition. Thoma Crane, Scott Sollars, and Matt Wilbur were contributing authors to the seventh edition. Hall Virgil made additional contributions to the venting chapter in the seventh edition. vii viii Preface I also appreciate t
44、he efforts of the NFPA staff who made this book possible. My sincere thanks go to Product Manager Mike Barresi for his assistance and gentle reminders of the practical side of producing a handbook. Thanks also go to Irene Herlihy, Developmental and Production Editor; Josiane Domenici, Permissions Ed
45、itor; and Pamela Nolan, Copy Editor. Finally, I would like to thank Theodore (Ted) Lemoff, the originator of the NFPA 54 handbook effort and editor of all previous editions. Ted is the reason I joined the NFPA staff, and it is with his “seal of approval“ that I endeavor to fill his shoes as Bearer o
46、f the Flame. Denise Beach Editor 2072 National Fuel Gas Code Handbook -History of the National Fuel Gas Code The National Fuel Gas Code covers the in tallation of gas piping and ga appliances in build ings. The history of the code dates back approximately 90 years and involves a number of or ganizat
47、ions, all with the common goal of providing for the safe use of gas-burning equipment. The following highlights ignificant steps in the development of the National Fuel Gas Code. 1913 The National Fire Protection A sociations Committee on Explosives and Combustibles, who e cope covered flammable gas
48、es, appointed a subcommittee to prepare a fire protection code for city ga installation. 1920 After several years of cooperative work with the U.S. Bureau of Standards and other in terested agencies, the NFPA Committee on Explo ives and Combu tibles presented the NFPA with a preliminary code, which
49、was adopted in 1920. The American Gas Association (AGA) asked the American Engineering Standards Committee to draft a Gas Safety Code on installation practices under its customary procedure for standards development. 1927-1928 On March 10, 1927, the American Standards Association approved the American Standard Gas Safety Code for Installation and Work in Buildings, K2-1927. The first edition of AGAs ReqUlrementsfor House Piping andAppliallce Installation wa published in June 1
