1、 AN DOCUMENT Prepared by AEEC Published by AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC. 2551 RIVA ROAD, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND 21401-7435 FLIGHT DATA RECORDER ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 747-3 PUBLISHED: June 7, 2011 This document is published information as defined by 15 CFR Section 734.7 of the Export Administration Regulation
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9、AD ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND 21401-7435 USA Prepared by the AEEC Characteristic 747 Adopted by the AEEC Executive Committee April 3, 1990 Summary of Document Supplements Supplement Adoption Date Published Characteristic 747-1 March 30, 1994 June 27, 1994 Characteristic 747-2 October 24, 1996 January 27, 1
10、999 Characteristic 747-3 April 20, 2011 June 7, 2011 A description of the changes introduced by each supplement is included at the end of this document. ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 747-3 FLIGHT DATA RECORDER Published: June 7, 2011ii FOREWORD Aeronautical Radio, Inc., and the ARINC Standards ARINC organize
11、s aviation industry committees and participates in related industry activities that benefit aviation at large by providing technical leadership and guidance. These activities directly support aviation industry goals: promote safety, efficiency, regularity, and cost-effectiveness in aircraft operatio
12、ns. ARINC Industry Activities organizes and provides the secretariat for international aviation organizations (AEEC, AMC, FSEMC) which coordinate the work of aviation industry technical professionals and lead the development of technical standards for airborne electronic equipment, aircraft maintena
13、nce equipment and practices and flight simulator equipment and used in commercial, military, and business aviation. The AEEC, AMC, and FSEMC develop consensus-based, voluntary standards that are published by ARINC and are known as ARINC Standards. The use of ARINC Standards results in substantial te
14、chnical and economic benefit to the aviation industry. There are three classes of ARINC Standards: a) ARINC Characteristics Define the form, fit, function, and interfaces of avionics and other airline electronic equipment. ARINC Characteristics indicate to prospective manufacturers of airline electr
15、onic equipment the considered and coordinated opinion of the airline technical community concerning the requisites of new equipment including standardized physical and electrical characteristics to foster interchangeability and competition. b) ARINC Specifications Are principally used to define eith
16、er the physical packaging or mounting of avionics equipment, data communication standards, or a high-level computer language. c) ARINC Reports Provide guidelines or general information found by the airlines to be good practices, often related to avionics maintenance and support. The release of an AR
17、INC Standard does not obligate any organization or ARINC to purchase equipment so described, nor does it establish or indicate recognition or the existence of an operational requirement for such equipment, nor does it constitute endorsement of any manufacturers product designed or built to meet the
18、ARINC Standard. In order to facilitate the continuous product improvement of this ARINC Standard, two forms are included in the back of this document: An Errata Report solicits any corrections to existing text or diagrams that may be included in a future Supplement to this ARINC Standard. An ARINC I
19、A Project Initiation/Modification (APIM) form solicits any proposals for the addition of technical material to this ARINC Standard. ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 747 TABLE OF CONTENTS iii 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Purpose of this Document . 1 1.2 Basic Principles . 1 1.2.1 Relationship to ARINC Characteristic
20、s 542A, 573, and 717 1 1.2.2 Relationship to ARINC Specification 429 2 1.2.3 Other Documents 2 1.3 Unit Description . 2 1.3.1 Basic Function 2 1.3.2 Enhanced Functions . 2 1.3.3 Data Compression 2 1.4 Reliability . 3 1.5 Maintainability . 3 1.6 Interchangeability 3 1.7 Regulatory Approval 4 2.0 INTE
21、RCHANGEABILITY STANDARDS 5 2.1 Importance of Interchangeability 5 2.2 Physical Factors 5 2.2.1 Form Factor 5 2.2.2 Weight 5 2.2.3 Connectors . 5 2.2.4 Input and Output Signal Characteristics 6 2.3 Standard Interwiring 6 2.3.1 Wire Size 6 2.3.2 Shielding or Special Cabling . 7 2.3.3 Standard Category
22、 Wiring . 7 2.4 Primary Power Input 7 2.5 Environmental Specification 8 3.0 RECORDER DESIGN . 9 3.1 General . 9 3.1.1 Recording Technology 9 3.2 Data Recovery 9 3.2.1 Data Recovery Interface/Protocol . 9 3.2.2 Manufacturers Test Interface (Option) 9 3.3 Aircraft Configuration Interface 10 3.4 Power
23、Interruptions . 10 3.5 Failure Warning and Functional Test . 10 3.5.1 Minimum Requirements 10 3.5.2 Status Flag Output 11 3.5.3 Maintenance Flag Output 11 3.5.4 OMS Compatibility 11 3.6 Recording Duration . 11 3.7 Protection 12 ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT 1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM 13 ATTACHMENT 2 INTERWIRIN
24、G BLOCK DIAGRAM . 14 ATTACHMENT 3-A STANDARD INTERWIRING BOTTOM INSERT J1A 15 ATTACHMENT 3-B NOTES TO STANDARD INTERWIRING 16 ATTACHMENT 3-C CONNECTOR LAYOUT . 18 ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 747 TABLE OF CONTENTS iv APPENDICES APPENDIX A DATA COMPRESSION EXCERPT FROM EUROCAE ED-55 19 APPENDIX B RECOMMENDED
25、 DATA WORD FORMATS 20 APPENDIX C MANUFACTURERS TEST INTERFACE EIA RS-422A SERIAL DIGITAL DATA INTERFACE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOLID STATE FLIGHT RECORDERS . 24 APPENDIX D MANUFACTURERS TEST INTERFACE SUGGESTED DATA COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL FOR A SOLID STATE FLIGHT RECORDER EIA RS-422A SERIAL DIGITAL DA
26、TA INTERFACE 30 ARINC Standard Errata Report APIM ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 747 Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of this Document This document is intended to provide design guidance for the development and installation of Flight Data Recorders (FDR) which may utilize solid state memo
27、ry and which may employ some means of data compression. The document does not cover the overall flight recorder system requirements but does take into consideration currently defined systems (ARINC Characteristics 542A, 573 and 717) plus anticipated enhancements. Attachment 1 shows a general system
28、block diagram and the interfaces to the flight recorder. The Flight Data Recorder will be utilized with a Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU) (ARINC Characteristic 573) or a Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU) (ARINC Characteristic 717) to accommodate mandatory flight data recording and oth
29、er flight data acquisition needs. The document provides guidance and information to ensure customer controlled interchangeability of equipment in a standard aircraft installation and in data retrieval. COMMENTARY Over the years, several nomenclatures have been used for flight data recorders, often t
30、o differentiate the technology employed. This document uses the generic term Flight Data Recorder (FDR) to remove any reference to the technology or recording media utilized. 1.2 Basic Principles The objective of this characteristic is primarily to describe equipment and installation standards capab
31、le of meeting the mandatory flight data recording and survival requirements of world regulatory bodies and secondarily to standardize data retrieval interfaces and techniques. 1.2.1 Relationship to ARINC Characteristics 542A, 573, and 717 ARINC Characteristics 573 and 717 describe equipment and inst
32、allation standards for an Expandable Data Acquisition and Recording System. ARINC Characteristic 573 utilizes an analog technology in the Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU), while ARINC Characteristic 717 makes use of digital technology in a Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU). Both system
33、 characteristics employ basically the same Flight Data Recorder (FDR). The FDR defined by this Characteristic is expected to be interchangeable with the Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) of ARINC Characteristic 573 and ARINC Characteristic 717. The recorder definitions of an ARINC 542A system have
34、 been considered in the interwiring definitions, and the applications of the definitions within this document for an ARINC 542A system are not precluded. Applicable interwiring has been selected to allow interference free expansion to an ARINC 542A configuration. ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 747 Page 2 1.0
35、INTRODUCTION 1.2.2 Relationship to ARINC Specification 429 Digital interface signals to the On-board Maintenance System (OMS) and to the ARINC 615 Data Loader conform to the standards of ARINC Specification 429 at both the low-speed and high-speed bit rate. 1.2.3 Other Documents EUROCAE ED-112, Mini
36、mum Operational Performance Specification for Crash Protected Airborne Recorder Systems, will be of interest to manufacturers and users alike. The document addresses the role of data compression and solid state memory in flight data recorders, parameter accuracy and resolution, and crash survivabili
37、ty. 1.3 Unit Description 1.3.1 Basic Function The Flight Data Recorder receives a serial data stream of 64-1024 words per second from the Flight Data Acquisition Unit. The recorder stores this data in crash protected memory. The recording duration should be up to 25 hours under normal flight conditi
38、ons. As approved by applicable regulatory agencies, data compression may be used to conserve memory. Data in memory can be downloaded rapidly on board the aircraft to a memory data transfer unit such as an ARINC 615 Data Loader. Provisions should be made for both aircraft installed and the Portable
39、Data Loader. The ARINC 615 Data Loader provides the memory transfer function between the Flight Data Recorder and a ground base computer used for data analysis. COMMENTARY The word “memory” used in this section and through the remainder of the document is used to describe a nonvolatile storage mediu
40、m into which data can be stored and held until some later time, and from which the entire original data can be obtained. 1.3.2 Enhanced Functions a. The Flight Data Recorder as an option should provide the capability to store a 128, 256, 512, and/or 1024 words per second data stream with a recording
41、 duration of up to 25 hours. See Attachment 3 for pin coding. b. The recorder as an option should provide an ARINC 429 interface for BITE information to the On-board Maintenance Systems (OMS). c. The recorder has an option for an EIA RS-422A interface to be used as a manufacturers test interface. 1.
42、3.3 Data Compression Data Compression, if utilized, is used to reduce the size of the memory to meet the regulatory parameter requirements and recording duration. Applicable regulations ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 747 Page 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION require that all forms of data compression shall be fully reversi
43、ble within specified accuracy, resolution, sample rates, and time correlation. COMMENTARY EUROCAE ED-112 addresses in detail the use of data compression. 1.4 Reliability The anticipated operational use of the Flight Data Recorder demands the utmost attention to the need for reliability in all phases
44、 of design, production, installation, and operation of the equipment. COMMENTARY The designer may be surprised to find no elaborate requirements for reliability. The airlines are in a fortunate position in this regard because they have found the pressures of the market place exert a truly meaningful
45、 influence upon the design and production quality control necessary to achieve high equipment reliability. The key advantage enjoyed by the vast majority of airlines is the ability to purchase existing, fully operational equipment “off the shelf” after the product has established itself in the marke
46、t. Reduced to the simplest of terms, the manufacturer will find that if he does not design it and build it properly, it wont sell! 1.5 Maintainability A high degree of maintainability is expected by the user, and so the system and unit design should provide for optimal maintainability. As a minimum,
47、 the design should provide for replaceable, functional modules as far as practical with Built-in-Test Equipment (BITE) incorporated to detect and isolate failures. 1.6 Interchangeability The basic Flight Data Recorder specified by this Characteristic should be electrically and mechanically interchan
48、geable between manufacturers. Those units employing data compression may utilize Read-Only Memory (ROM) or other techniques to uniquely configure the recorder for aircraft specific data. Eight aircraft configuration pins are defined to enable functional interchangeability between a number of predefi
49、ned aircraft installations (Attachment 3). COMMENTARY An eight bit pin programmable word is used to permit the recorder to indicate special applications defined by the user. This interchangeability problem is identical to that experienced in FDAU and DFDAU units of ARINC 573 and 717 systems. As memory costs are reduced the need for data compression may be alleviated and functional interchangeability could become practical. ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 747 Page 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION Interchangeability in data readout and data processing is highly desirable. The Flight Data Recorder s
