1、 AI11 US1 b 501i2348 O500987 706 sl Standard Recommended Practice for Alphanumeric Computedutput Micr of orms-0 pera tional Practices for Inspection and Quality Control Approved As American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard August 8,1996 FOR INFORMATION AND IMAGE Suite 11 O0 Silver Spring
2、, Maryland 20910 AllM MANAGEMENT 301 -587-8202 INTERNATIONAL AIIM US1 96 IBI 1012348 0500988 b42 ANSVAI IM O by Association for Information and Image Management International 11 O0 Wayne Avenue, Suite 11 O0 Silver Spring, MD 2091 0-5603 Tel: 301 -587-8202 Fax: 301 -587-2711 ISBN 0-89258-1 29-8 Print
3、ed in the United States of America AI11 MSL 96 m 3032348 0500989 589 m ANSVAIIM MS1-1996 Standard for Information and Image Management - Standard Recommended Practice for Al p h an u mer i c Compute r-O u t pu t Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control Association for In
4、formation and Image Management International Abstract: This standard provides guidelines and recommended practices for the quality control of Computer Output Microfilm (COM) produced on recorders using fixed “Hard” form slides. Quality control procedures, recommended criteria, and corrective guidanc
5、e are provided. AIIM MSL 96 L0323i.180500990 2TO m ANSYAIIM MS1-1996 Alphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control Contents Foreword . i 1 Scope . 1 2 References 1 3 Definition . 2 4 Microfilm types 2 6 Permanence of microforms 8 7 Alphanumeric CO
6、M quality test form slide . 8 8 Legibility test . 12 1 O Density of distribution copies 16 11 Resolution and quality index 16 12 Reproducibility 18 13 Printability test . 18 14 Standards for storing microfilm . 18 15 Guidelines for preparing form slides 18 5 Film processing 3 9 Microfilm density . 1
7、3 Figures Figure 1 COM-generation terminology . 2 Figure 2 Film processor control log 5 Figure 3 Artwork for alphanumeric COM quality test slide . 10 Figure 4 Form-slide layout 11 Figure 5 Quality index graph 17 Table Table 1 Summary of acceptable density limits . 15 Foreword (This foreword is not p
8、art of American National Standard for Information and Image Management - Recommended practice for alphanumeric computer-output microforms - Operational practices for inspection and quality control, ANSVAIIM MSI - 1996). This standard is a revision of ANSUAIIM MS 1-1988. The revision is necessary bec
9、ause new standards have been issued and referenced standards have been changed since the previous edition of MS1. In addition, other changes have been made to improve the presentation of information. No major technical changes have been made. The clauses on image life have been revised to reflect ch
10、anges to the expected life of different media, including a new life expectancy for thermally processed silver film. The method for quality control remains the same. Use of the method described in this document has proven to be effective in establishing and controlling quality limits. Further, the me
11、thod has been relatively easy to institute and use. This standard is a companion to ANSUAIIM MS39. Whereas ANSUAiW MS39 covers standards for graphic computer-output microfilm (COM) quality, this standard covers alphanumeric COM quality. In order to maintain a historic perspective, much of the inform
12、ation published in the foreword of the original standard, ANWAIIM MS1-1981, is reprinted here. As the use of computer-output microfilm continued to grow in the 1970s and as the applications became more sophisticated, it became obvious the community needed to establish useful methods for prescribing
13、film and image quality for achieving consistent, acceptable results. Also it was recognized that the requirements for COM recorders functioning principally as computer line printer equivalents (alphanumeric) were significantly different in several aspects from the requirements for graphic COM record
14、ers (such as those used in generating engineering drawings and graphic arts output). Although both types of recorders have certain characteristics in common, graphic recorders must accurately produce geometric shapes, graphs, and three-dimensional views along with dimensions and multiple size charac
15、ters. The principal concerns with alphanumeric recorders, however, are legibility and the duplication characteristics of printed text. After evaluating user requirements, the COM Quality Standards Committee concluded that a quality standard for alphanumeric COM was not feasible and that a recommende
16、d practice would fully satisfy user needs. This recommended practice addresses equipment, supplies, and operational procedures related to alphanumeric COM used for business and government records. Included are recommendations related to - legibility, - fust-generation camera films and subsequent- ge
17、neration duplicating films, - improcessing, - form slide quality (including original artwork), - image density, - filmstability, - film storage. A test method for use in establishing and maintaining consistent image quality is included. Specifications for the form slide used to test for image qualit
18、y are given in ANSVAIIM MS28, Alphanumeric COM quality test slide. This recommended practice is not intended to be an all- inclusive quality control document. Its purpose is to supply information useful in maintaining the quality of alphanumeric COM. For general and more inclusive quality control in
19、formation covering first-generation and duplicate microforms, the user should refer to ANSVAIIM MS23, Practice for operational proceduredinspection and quality control offirst generation. silver-gelatin microfilm of documents and ANSVAIIM MS43, Recommended practice for operational procedures/inspect
20、ion and i Association for Information and Image Management International AIIM MSL 96 M LOL234B 0500q93 137 M ANSI/AiM MS1-1996 Alphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control quality control of duplicate microforms of documents and f.om COM. This re
21、commended practice is confined to effective reduction ratios up to and including 1:48. Because reduction ratios higher than 1:48 have not yet been standardized, this recommended practice does not address quality considerations for such image sizes. Of singular importance in alphanumeric COM filming
22、is the legibility of the information supplied to users. Obviously, if the information is not legible, it has no value. So, the most important guidelines to establish are for legibility, with less emphasis on other characteristics. Because consideration of all possible COM systems and system configur
23、ations is virtually impossible, this recommended practice attempts to create general guidelines that can significantly increase the probability of consistently acceptable results. When microfilming hardcopy documents, planetary and rotary camera test targets are used to monitor resolution and densit
24、y. In COM recorders that use a form slide containing fixed data, resolution targets are used in the form slide to establish optimum focus, but they do not provide a measure of character resolution or legibility obtained from the image generator. Although character quality from the image generator ca
25、nnot be measured using resolution targets, the characters can be compared to an image of a reference form slide in the same frame to establish a relative quality level. After evaluating several methods for establishing quality limits for COM images, it was concluded that the use of the sans serif ch
26、aracters E and H provided the easiest means for establishing and maintaining quality. The characters E and H were chosen because they contain both horizontal and vertical lines common to most fonts used in COM regardless of the method of character generation. Although there may be differences in asp
27、ect ratio (character height to width ratio) and the location of the central horizontal lines in various COM recorders, the similarities are adequate for benchmark comparisons. The letters E and H represent simple shapes that are very easy to compare; however, the more complex and similar symbols suc
28、h as 55 and , B and 8, S and 5, Z and 7, and M and W need to be examined and proper records kept to assure adequate legibility. Proper COM performance requires controlling both character and background optical density to ensure satisfactory duplication of the camera film. This recommended practice g
29、ives values covering line and background densities for both first generation camera Nm and subsequent generation duplicate film. The COM quality test form slide used in this recommended practice contains density squares large enough to aliow measurement of the film density using an ordinary densitom
30、eter equipped with a 1 mm aperture. Although measurement of the large area density does not determine character line density, it is very useful in maintaining consistent exposure from the form slide. The form slide exposure can then be compared to the exposure from the image generator to maintain pr
31、oper exposure of the alphanumeric characters. This recommended practice also includes guidelines for the preparation of the various form slides used to record fixed data. These guidelines should be followed if satisfactory results are expected. The most common cause of unsatisfactory COM output, and
32、 the most frequent image-quality complaint of users, is the use of improperly designed form slides. Any suggestions for improving this recommended practice are welcome and should be sent to the Chair, AIIM Standards Board, Association for information and Image Management International, 1100 Wayne Av
33、enue, Suite 1100, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-5603. At the time this revised recommended practice was approved, the AiIM Standards Board had the following members: Name of Representative Organization Represented Marilyn Wright, Chair Association for Information and Image Management, International
34、Bell and fixed data, such as that contained on a form slide, with effective reduction ratios up to and including 1:48. The subjects covered include a method for comparing the legibility of the dynamic information to that contained in an image of the alphanumeric COM quality test form slide when expo
35、sed on the same frame and duplicated onto silver, diazo, or vesicular films. The films, film processing, im storage, film density practices and guidelines for preparing form slide artwork and form slides are also discussed. This standard does not cover COM recorders generating images from bitmaps or
36、 data streams incorporating images, variable fonts, graphics, or imbedded objects. 2 Normative references 2.1 Referenced American national standards ANSI l9.1:1992, Imaging media film) - Silver-gelatin type - Spec$cations for stability. ANSI l9.2:1991, Imaging media - Processed photographic film, pl
37、ates, and papers - Filing enclosures and containers for storage. ANSI 19.5:1992, Imaging media film) - Ammonia- processed diazo films - Specifications for stability. ANSI IT9.6.-1993, Imaging media - Photographic films - Specification for safetyfilm. ANSIilVAPM IT9.11:1993, Imaging media - Processed
38、 safety photographic film - Storage. ANSINAPM IT9.12:1995, Imaging material - Processed photographic vesicular film - Specifications for stability. ANSUISO 41 7: I993 (ANSINAPM 17p.17: 1993), Photography - Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic ma
39、terials - Methods of using iodine-amylose, methylene blue and silver suljde. ANSUSO 5-2:199I, Photography - Density measurements - Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density. ANSIBSO 5-3:1984, Photography - Density measurements - Part 3: Spectral conditions. ANSUISO 3334:1989 (ANSUAIIM MS
40、51:1991), Micrographics - IS0 resolution fest chart No. 2 - Description and use in photographic documentary reproduction. ANSUAIIM MS23:1991, Information and image management - Microfilm of documents - Operational procedures/inspection and quality control of first generation, silver-gelatin microfil
41、m of documents. ANSUAIIM MS28:1996, Information and image management - Micrographics - Alphanumeric COM quality test slide. ANSUAIIM MS43:1988 (AI991), Information and image management - Recommended practice for operational proceduredinspection and quality control of duplicate microfonns of document
42、s andfrom COM. 2.2 Related publications ANSUAIIM TE:I992, Technical Report for the Association for Information and Image Management - Glossary of imaging technology. AIIM TR3:1981, Technical Report for the Association for Information and Image Management - Themlly processed silver microfilm. 1 Assoc
43、iation for Information and Image Management International AIIM MSL 9b LO12348 0500994 9Lib ANSVAIIM MS1-1996 Alphanumeric Computer-Output Microforms - Operational Practices for Inspection and Quality Control . Conventional processing (1N) (clear Characters) 3 Definition 4 Microfilm types The followi
44、ng definition applies to terms used in this standard. Other terms pertaining to this document shall be defined as stated in ANSIIAIIM TR2, Technical Report for the Association for Information and Image Management - Glossary of imaging technology. 3.1 Silver-gelatin film Wet-processed, silver-halide
45、film with silver as the image-forming material and with a gelatin binder (matrix). 4.1 General The most commonly used first-generation microfilms are silver-gelatin film and thermally processed silver film. Duplicating films are diazo, vesicular, and silver-gelatin. See figure 1 for COM-generation t
46、erminology. Diazo duplicate (2N) (clear characters) Conventional or thermal processing (1P) (dark characters) Direct-image silver duplication (2N) (clear characters) duplicate (2N) (clear characters) Silver print film duplicate (2N) (clear characters) Figure 1 - COM-generation terminology Reversai p
47、rocessing (1 N) (clear characters) 2 Association for Information and Image Management international AIIM MSL 96 H LOL2348 O500995 882 ANSVAIIM MS1-1996 Alphanumeric Computer4utput Microforms - perationai Practices for inspection and Quaiity Control Microfilm generally consists of a photosensitive em
48、ulsion coated onto a flexible base material, which may be either acetate or polyester. The base may range in thickness from 0.06 mm to 0.18 mm (0.0024 in to 0.0071 in). The thinner base (0.06mm) is used primarily in roll film systems, including cassettes and cartridges, but the COM recorder may requ
49、ire that a thick base film be used for the original and thin base for duplicates. Thicker base is more commonly used for sheet film or microfiche in recorders using on-line processing of silver-gelatin microfiche. 4.2 Silver-gelatin fim Silver-gelatin film, which is similar in may respects to black-and-white film used in conventional photography, is characterized by high light sensitivity and the use of wet processing. Depending on the processing method, silver- gelatin film may yield either a positive-appearing (1P) or negative-appearing (1N) image. Autopositi
