1、Designation: E2652 16 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forBehavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shapedAirflow Stabilizer, at 750C1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers the determi-nation under
3、specified laboratory conditions of combustioncharacteristics of building materials.1.2 Limitations of this fire-test response test method areshown below.1.2.1 This test method does not apply to laminated or coatedmaterials.1.2.2 This test method is not suitable or satisfactory formaterials that soft
4、en, flow, melt, intumesce or otherwiseseparate from the measuring thermocouple.1.2.3 This test method does not provide a measure of anintrinsic property.1.2.4 This test method does not provide a quantitativemeasure of heat generation or combustibility; it simply servesas a test method with selected
5、(end point) measures ofcombustibility.1.2.5 This test method does not measure the self-heatingtendencies of materials.1.2.6 In this test method materials are not being tested in thenature and form used in building aplications. The test specimenconsists of a small, specified volume that is either (1)
6、 cut froma thick sheet; (2) assembled from multiple thicknesses of thinsheets; or (3) placed in a container if composed of grarnularpowder or loose fiber materials.1.2.7 Results from this test method apply to the specific testapparatus and test conditions and are likely to vary whenchanges are made
7、to one or more of the following: (1) the size,shape, and arrangement of the specimen; (2) the distribution oforganice content; (3) the exposure temperature; (4) the airsupply; (5) the location of thermocouples.1.3 This test method references notes and footnotes thatprovide explanatory information. T
8、hese notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered asrequirements of this test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 11
9、82(see also Annex A2 and 6.4.5).1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-riskassessment of the materials, products,
10、or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.7 FIre testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibi
11、lity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of F
12、ire Standards2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 1182 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products Non-combustibility TestISO 13943 Fire Safety VocabularyISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of Mea-sured Methods and Results Part 2: Basic Method for theDetermination of Repeatability and Reproducibili
13、ty of aStandard Measurement Method1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.23 on Combustibil-ity.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous ed
14、ition approved in 2012 as E265212. DOI:10.1520/E2652-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Avai
15、lable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
16、12.3 Other Standards:4IMO Fire Test Procedures Code3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms found in this testmethod, refer to Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shallprevail.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.
17、2.1 homogeneous product, na product with nominallyuniform density and composition.3.2.2 non-homogeneous product, na product that does notsatisfy the requirements of a homogeneous product.3.2.2.1 DiscussionNon-homogeneous products are oftencomposed of more than one component.3.2.3 sustained flaming (
18、for testing at 750C), nsustainedflaming for testing at 750C (1382F) is the persistence of aflame on or over any part of the visible part of the test specimenlasting5sorlonger.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a furnace to expose buildingmaterials for at least 30 min to a temperature
19、 of 750C(1382F).4.2 The furnace consists of an enclosed refractory tubesurrounded by a heating coil with a cone-shaped airflowstabilizer.4.3 Thermocouples are used to assess the temperature in-creases resulting from combustion of the product.4.4 Weight loss and flaming combustion of the product isal
20、so assessed.5. Significance and Use5.1 While actual building fire exposure conditions are notduplicated, this test method will assist in indicating thosematerials which do not act to aid combustion or add appre-ciable heat to an ambient fire.5.2 This test method does not apply to laminated or coated
21、materials.5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.6. Test Apparatus6.1 General:6.1.1 The apparatus shall consist of a refractory tube furnaceinsulated and surrounded by a heating coil. A cone-shapedairflow stabilizer shall be attached to the base of the furnaceand a draft shield t
22、o its top. Details are shown in Fig. 1.6.1.2 Thermocouples shall be provided for measuring thefurnace temperature and the furnace wall temperature. Op-tional additional thermocouples shall be used if the specimensurface temperature and the specimen center temperature arerequired.6.1.3 A thermal sens
23、or shall be used to measure the furnacetemperature along its central axis.6.1.4 Unless stated otherwise, all dimensions shall have a5 % tolerance.6.2 Test Furnace:6.2.1 The test furnace shall consist primarily of the follow-ing.6.2.2 The furnace tube shall be constructed of a refractorymaterial, as
24、specified in Table 1, of density 2800 6 300 kg/m3(175 6 19 lb/ft3).6.2.3 The furnace shall be 150 6 1 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.) highwith an internal diameter of 75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) anda wall thickness of 10 6 1 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.).6.2.4 The furnace tube shall be surrounded by an annularspace of the
25、 following dimensions: 150 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.)high and of 10 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.) wall thickness.6.2.4.1 The annular space shall be fitted with top and bottomplates, recessed internally to locate the ends of the furnacetube.6.2.4.2 The annular space shall be insulated with a 25 mm(1 in.) mm layer of
26、an insulating material having a thermalconductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperature of 20C (68F).Magnesium oxide powder of a nominal bulk density of 170 630 kg/m3(10.6 6 1.9 lb/ft3) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.5 The furnace tube shall be pr
27、ovided with a singlewinding of 80/20 nickel/chromium electrical resistance tape,3mm6 0.1 mm (0.12 6 4/1000 in.) wide and 0.2 6 0.01 mm(8/1000 6 0.4/1000 in.) thick.6.2.5.1 Wind the electrical resistance tape as specified inFig. 2.6.2.5.2 Cut grooves into the furnace tube so as to allowaccurate windi
28、ng of the electrical tape.6.2.6 An open-ended cone-shaped air-flow stabilizer shallbe attached to the underside of the furnace.6.2.6.1 The air-flow stabilizer shall be 500 mm (19.7 in.)long and shall be reduced uniformly from an internal diameterof 75 6 1mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) at the top to an internal
29、 diameterof 10.0 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.4 in.) at the bottom.6.2.6.2 The air flow stabilizer shall be manufactured from1 mm thick sheet steel, with a smooth finish on the inside. Thejoint between the air flow stabilizer and the furnace shall havean airtight fit, with an internal smooth finish.6.2.6.3 The
30、 upper half of the air flow stabilizer shall beinsulated with a 25 mm (1 in.) layer of an insulating materialhaving a thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperatureof 20C (68F). Mineral fiber insulating material with anominal thermal conductivity
31、 of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F) at a mean temperatureof 20C (68F) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.7 A draft shield, constructed of the same material as theair flow stabilizer, shall be provided at the top of the furnace.It shall be 50 mm (2 in.) high and have an in
32、ternal diameter of75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.)6.2.7.1 The draft shield and its joint with the top of thefurnace shall have smooth internal finish.4Available from International Maritime Origanization, 55 Victoria St., London,SWIH0EU, United Kingdom, http:/www.imo.org.E2652 1626.2.7.2 The exterior shall
33、 be insulated with a 25 mm (1 in.)layer of an insulating material having a thermal conductivity of0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft2F)at a mean temperature of 20C (68F). Mineral fiber insulatingmaterial with a nominal thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 B
34、TU in./(s ft2F) at a meantemperature of 20C (68F) is a suitable material for this use.6.2.8 The assembly, consisting of the furnace, air flowstabilizer cone and draft shield, shall be mounted on a firmhorizontal stand, with a base and draft screen attached to thestand, to reduce drafts around the bo
35、ttom of the stabilizer cone.The draft screen shall be 550 mm (21.7 in.) high and thebottom of the air flow stabilizer cone shall be located 250 mm(9.8 in.) above the base plate.6.3 Test Specimen Holder and Insertion Device:6.3.1 The test specimen holder shall be made of nickel/chromium or of an alte
36、rnate heat-resisting steel wire. A finemetal gauze tray of heat-resisting steel shall be placed in thebottom of the holder. The weight of the holder shall be 15 6 2g (0.53 6 0.07 oz).FIG. 1 Test ApparatusKey to numbers in Fig. 11 Stand 7 Heat resisting steel rod for insertion device 13 External insu
37、lating wall2 Insulation 8 Stop 14 Mineral fiber cement3 Magnesium oxide powder 9 Specimen thermocouples (optional) 15 Seal4 Furnace tube 10 Stainless steel tube 16 Stabilizer cone5 Heating coils 11 Specimen holder 17 Draft screen (metal sheet)6 Draft shield 12 Furnace thermocoupleTABLE 1 Furnace Tub
38、e Refractory Material for ApparatusMaterialComposition% (kg/kg mass)Alumina (Al2O3) 89Silica and alumina (SiO2,Al2O3) 98Ferric oxide (Fe2O) 0,45Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0,25Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) 0,1Other trace oxides (sodium, potassium,calcium and magnesium oxides)The balanceE2652 1636.3.2 The test
39、 specimen holder shall be capable of beingsuspended from the lower end of a stainless steel tube with a 6mm (14 in.) outside diameter anda4mm(0.15 in.) bore, asshown in Fig. 3.6.3.3 The test specimen holder shall be provided with asuitable insertion device for lowering it down the axis of thefurnace
40、 tube without shock, so that the geometric center of thespecimen during the test is located at the geometric center ofthe furnace, with a 63mm(618 in.) tolerance. The insertiondevice shall consist of a metallic sliding rod moving freelywithin a vertical guide fitted to the side of the furnace.6.3.4
41、The test specimen holder for loose fill materials shallbe cylindrical and shall have the same inner dimensions as theouter dimensions of the test specimen. It shall be made of finemetal wire gauze, constructed of heat resisting steel similar tothe wire gauze used at the bottom of the test specimen h
42、olderspecified in 6.3.1. The specimen holder shall have an open endat the top. The weight of the holder shall not exceed 30 g (1.06oz).6.4 Thermocouples:6.4.1 Thermocouples shall have a wire diameter of 0.3 mm(0.01 in.) and an outer diameter of 1.5 mm (0.06 in.). The hotjunction shall be insulated a
43、nd not earthed. The thermocouplesshall be of either type K or type N. The thermocoupleinsulating material shall be either stainless steel or a nickelbased alloy.6.4.2 All new thermocouples shall be exposed to a Bunsenburner yellow flame for not less than 60 s before use.NOTE 1This will reduce thermo
44、couple reflectivity.6.4.3 The furnace thermocouple shall be located with its hotjunction 10.0 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.) from the tube wall andFIG. 2 Furnace Winding for Test ApparatusE2652 164at a height corresponding to the geometric center of the furnacetube. A locating guide is a useful tool to s
45、et the position of thethermocouple. The correct position shall be maintained withthe help of a guide attached to the draft shield.6.4.4 In addition to the thermocouple for the measurementof the furnace temperature, a similar thermocouple shall beprovided for measuring the furnace wall temperature du
46、ringcalibration.6.4.5 Additional required thermocouples are described in6.4.5.1 and 6.4.5.2; they are not to be utilized when testing isintended to comply with ISO 1182. See also Annex A2.6.4.5.1 Test Specimen Center ThermocoupleThe testspecimen center thermocouple shall be positioned so that itshot
47、 junction is located at the geometric center of the testspecimen. This shall be achieved by drillinga2mm(0.08 in.)diameter hole axially in the top of the test specimen.FIG. 3 Specimen Holder for Solid SpecimensKey Dimensions in millimetres1 Stainless steel tube TcSpecimen centre thermocouple2 Apertu
48、re mesh 0,9 mm diameter of wire 0,4 mm TsSpecimen surface thermocoupleNote use of Tcand Tsis optionalE2652 1656.4.5.2 Test Specimen Surface ThermocoupleThe testspecimen surface thermocouple shall be positioned so that itshot junction is in contact with the test specimen at mid-heightof the test spec
49、imen at the start of the test. It shall be locateddiametrically opposite the furnace thermocouple.6.4.6 An optional mirror is described in Annex A2.6.5 Thermal SensorThe thermal sensor shall be con-structed of a thermocouple of the type specified in 6.4, brazedto a copper cylinder 10.0 6 0.2 mm (0.4 6 0.001 in.) indiameter and 15.0 6 0.2 mm (0.6 6 0.001 in.) high.6.6 MirrorTo facilitate observation of sustained flamingand for operator safety, it is advisable to provide a mirror abovethe apparatus, positioned so that it will not affe
