1、 TIA-1194 November 2011Telecommunications User Premises Equipment Surge Resistibility of Smart Grid Equipment Connected to either DC or 120/240 V Single Phase AC and Metallic Communication Lines ANSI/TIA-1194-2011 APPROVED: NOVEMBER 18, 2011 REAFFIRMED: FEBRUARY 2, 2017 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standa
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23、 THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-1194 i Table of Contents 1. Overview . 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Contents and context . 1 2. Normative References . 1
24、3. Definitions . 2 4. Surge environment and rationale for tests . 2 4.1 Case 1: Same local area but separate grounds 4 4.2 Case 2: The signal lines terminate at a remote site. . 5 5. Tests for ports with separate local grounds . 5 5.1 Rationale 5 5.2 Purpose 6 5.3 Test setup and procedure . 6 5.3.1
25、Bond Impedance 6 5.3.2 Robustness of Communications Ports to Power Line Surges 8 5.3.3 Robustness of One Communications Port to Surges on another Communications Port . 9 6. Signal lines that terminate at a remote site 11 6.1 Rationale 11 6.2 Purpose 11 6.3 Test setup and procedure . 12 6.3.1 Test Pr
26、ocedure 12 6.3.2 Compliance Criteria . 12 Annex A (Informative) - Bibliography 13 TIA-1194 ii Table of Figures Figure 1 A possible home network. The Figure shows only the connections to the communications line, and not to the AC power. 3 Figure 2 Equipment (a TV set-top box, in this example) with tw
27、o ground reference points connected with a relatively long wire, shown here as the coax sheath ground bond. . 4 Figure 3 Lightning striking site A drives a current IL through the impedance of the ground, Zga, creating a ground potential rise GPR. “PROT” is the protection circuits . 5 Figure 4 Generi
28、c equipment with AC or DC power and various communications inputs. Test set-up to verify a common service ground connection . 7 Figure 5 Generic equipment with AC or DC power and various communications inputs. Test set-up to verify robustness to a power port surge . 9 Figure 6 Generic equipment with
29、 AC or DC power and various communications inputs. Test set-up to verify robustness of one communications port to surges on another communications port . 10 Figure 7 Effect of a lightning strike on equipment with a communications line connected to a remote ground 11 Figure 8 Test setup for testing r
30、obustness of equipment with a remote ground reference to a local GPR . 12 TIA-1194 iii FOREWORD (This foreword is not a part of this Standard.) Installation practices can lead to safety issues and damage to equipment at buildings where the equipment has connections to both a smart grid power source
31、and to the home network. In this configuration the equipment is vulnerable during a lightning storm. This vulnerability occurs because the earth grounds of these services can be different; for example a smart meter having an AC power ground at the service entrance at one side of a house, and a phone
32、 line connection transiently grounded via a surge protector at the opposite side. Consider that smart grid equipment can either use power (e.g. appliances, computers, and entertainment systems) or generate power (e.g. photovoltaic or wind power systems). Smart grid equipment that uses power generall
33、y gets it from the AC mains, and has a connection to a communications service to monitor how the equipment is using the power it receives. Smart grid equipment that generates power often connects to communications systems for monitoring and control. In either case the earth grounds of these services
34、 can be different. When multiple grounds exist, the impedance between them can be significant. For example, grounds are often provided by ground rods, and the impedance between the ground rods can be 100 ohms or more. Even if the ground rods are bonded together with a wire, the inductance of the wir
35、e can have significant surge impedance. A lightning strike can occur either to or near one of the services. If it occurs to the service, and the service has a surge protector, the protector will operate and shunt the lightning current to ground. If it occurs near the service, the lightning strike wi
36、ll inject a current into the ground. In either case the lightning strike can cause a current of several thousand amperes to flow either through the ground impedance, or the ground bond wire (if present), or both. In a structure having more than one ground point, a lightning current flowing through t
37、he ground impedance between the ground points may generate a potential difference of several thousand volts. If the two ground points are connected by a wire, the lightning current flowing through the wire can generate several thousand volts, due to the inductance of the wire and the high di/dt of t
38、he lightning current. Either one of these conditions can result in a high potential difference inside an equipment that has a ground reference in each of these two separate places. This high potential difference can result in damage to the equipment, and a possible safety hazard. There is 1 annex, w
39、hich is informative and not considered part of this Standard. This Standard was produced by Subcommittee TR-41.7, Environmental and Safety Considerations, of Engineering Committee TR-41, User Premises Telecommunication Requirements. It was developed in accordance with TIA procedural guidelines and r
40、epresents the consensus position of the Subcommittee, which served as its formulating group. It also received the concurrence of TR-41. TIA-1194 iv The leadership of the TR-41.7 Environmental and Safety Considerations Subcommittee (Chair Randy Ivans, Underwriters Laboratories) acknowledges the writt
41、en contributions provided by the following individuals in the development of this Standard. Organization Representative TIA-1194 Tyco Electronics Al Martin Editor VTech Steve Whitesell Littelfuse Inc. Phillip Havens Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They may be sent to: Telec
42、ommunications Industry Association Engineering Department Suite 300 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 TIA-1194 1 1. OVERVIEW 1.1 SCOPE This Standard applies to premises equipment that is connected to one or more metallic conductive communication line(s) and either a DC power source, or a 120
43、/240 V single phase AC power service with the neutral grounded at the service entrance. It specifies the test procedures and resistibility requirements under which the communications ports of the equipment shall continue to demonstrate basic functionality when subjected to overvoltages and overcurre
44、nts on either the power lines or the communications line(s). Overvoltages or overcurrents covered by this Standard include surges due to lightning on or near the power lines or telecommunications line(s). This Standard covers the case where two or more services connected to the equipment have ground
45、 connections that may be separated by significant impedance. 1.2 PURPOSE Most standards for the resistibility of equipment to electrical surges assume that a zero (or very low) impedance exists among all the grounds in the equipment, or among the connections to separate earth grounds. For equipment
46、installed in the smart grid (or indeed, anywhere), the impedance of the ground connections may be significant. The purpose of this standard is to provide tests and performance criteria for the resistibility to lightning strikes of equipment connected to two or more services having at least one groun
47、d connection separated from the others by a significant impedance. Examples of equipment with services having separate grounds include a smart grid power meter that is connected to the AC power at one side of a building and a communications service at the opposite side or a roof-mounted photovoltaic
48、 system with a communications link to the smart grid (see Figure 1). 1.3 CONTENTS AND CONTEXT This Standard is divided into 6 clauses. Clause 1 provides the scope and purpose of this standard. Clause 2 lists references to other standards that are needed or useful in applying this standard. Clause 3
49、provides definitions that are either not found in other standards, or have been modified for use with this standard. Clause 4 provides a description of the surge environment for equipment with multiple services, at least two of which have grounds separated by a significant impedance, and the rationale for the tests for survivability in this environment. Clause 5 provides test procedures for testing resistibility of equipment to lightning surges when the equipment has separate grounds in the same local area. Clause 6 provides test procedures for testing resistibility of equip
