1、Januan 15. i969 SiJPZitSZDING Fed. Spec. KK-L-31I-A January 19, i953 FEDERAL TEST METHOD STANDARD EATHER, KETHODC F SAkPLIMG AND TESTLYG This standard was approved by the Comnissioner, Federal Supply Service, General Cervices Administration, for +he use of all Federal agencies . 1 Orders for this pu
2、blication are to be placed with General Services Administration, acting as an agent for the Superintendent of Docu- ments. at the GSA Business Service Centers in Boston, New York, Atlanta, Chicago, Kansas City, Mo., Fort Worth, Denver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Seattle, Wash. from the General
3、Services Administration, Specifications Activity, Printed Materials Supply Division, Building 197, Naval -e Weapons Plant, Washington, D. C. , Single copies of this standard are available, without charge Additional copies may be purchased for $1.50 ea1, 8112.1 and 8131.1. c- 1 Delete Methods 3211, 4
4、211, 8011, 8021, 8111, 8112, and 8131, and sub- 3211.1, 4211.1, 8011.1, 3. Add the following new methods: 3041 and 4212. Militarv custodians : Amy - GL Navy - SA Air. Force - 82 ! -Review act ivi tv : Navy - AS User activities: Preparing activity: Army - GL Civil Agencies Coor.dinating Activit iee:
5、AGROCMS GS A-FS S GSA-PCD HEN-HSM Amy - WC Navy - OS, D,W Air .Force - 1.1 RETAIN THIS COVER PAGE AND INSERT BEFORE THE SCOPE AND CONJXNTS PAGE OF THIS STANDARD Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 3 7777777 00053
6、b - CHANGE NOTICES ARF: NOT CuM17LATIVE AND SHALL BE RETAINED UNTIL SUCH TIME As TE ENTIRE SWARD IS RFVISED . I t FEDERAL TESI! METHOD STANDAIZD The following changes to Fed. Test Method Std. Mo. 3ii, dated January 15, 196ahave been approved by the Commissioner, Federal Supply Service, General Servi
7、ces Administration for the use of all Federal agencies. 1. Delete Section 2 and substitute the attached Section 2. 2. Delete Section 4 and substitute the attached Section 4. . 3. Delete methods: 1011, 1021, 3021, 3031, 3121, 6902, and 6621 and substitute the following attached revised methods: 3021.
8、1, 3031.1, 3121.1, 6002.1, and 6621.1. lOll.1, 1021.1, RETATN THIS COVER PAGE AND INSEXT BEFORE THE: SCOPE AND CONTENTS PAGE OF THIS STANDARD FSC 8300 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- - FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 3 7777777 0005365 2 I I
9、NFORMATION SHEET ON FEDERAL TEST METKOD STANDARDS This Federal Test Method Standard is issued in looseleaf form to permit the insertion or removal of new or revised sections and test methods. keep them up to date by inserting revised or new sec- tions and test methods as issued and removing supersed
10、ed and canceled pages. New and revised material and cancellations will be issued under Change Notices which will be numbered con- secutively and will bear the date of issuance. Notices should be retained and filed in front of the Aphabetical Index of the Standard until such time as they are supersed
11、ed by a reissue of the entire Standard. Ail users of Federal Test Method Standards should Change Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 7 FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 83 3997977 0005369 T W - i FED. TEST METHOD STD. NO. 311 January 15, 1769 FED
12、ERAL TEST METHOD STANDARD . LEATHER, METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING AUTHORITY. This.standard is issued pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, and its application to the purchase of com- modities referred to herein is mandatory on all Federal agencies.
13、SECTION 1 SCOPE AND CONTENTS 1.1 Scope. This standard describes the general methods for testing In the event that conflict should leather and leather products for conformance with the requirements of Federal and Military Specifications. occur between the requirements of this standard and those conta
14、ined in a material specification or other type of procurement document on date of ivitation for bid, the procurement document or specification shall govern . 1.2 Contents. The contents of this standard are as follows: - Section 1. Section 2. Section 3. Section 4. Section 5. Section 6. Section 7. Sec
15、tion 8, Scope and Contents Index of Test Methods 2.1 Alphabetical Index of Test Methods 2.2 Numerical Index of Test Methods Definition of Terms Sampling for Inspection Atmospheric Conditions for Testing , General Notes Conversion Equivalents , . .94 Test Methods Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo repro
16、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 3 7797777 0005370 b = FED. TEST bETHOD STD. NO. 311 JanLary 15, i969 - Group 1000 Dimensional Measurements Group 2000 Strength Tests Group 30QO Performance Tests Group 4000 Mechanical Tests Group 5000 Biological Te
17、sts Group 6000 Chemical Tests Group 7000 Thermal Tests Group 8000 later Resistance Tests Section 9. Supersession Data, Source Information, and Interested Agencies Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- - FED-STD-3x1 CHG NOTICE 3 3 M 7777777
18、 0005373 - FED. TEST METHOD STD. NO. 311 January 24, 1975 SECTION 2 INDEX OF TEST METHODS 2.1 Alphabetical Index of Test Methods. TITLE METHOD NO. . Acetone Insoluble Material -. . 6371 Aldehyde, Qualitative 6111 Alkali-Solubility of Leather-Cellulose Mixtures. . 6431 Apparent Density of Leather. .
19、1231 Area Stability of Leather 7031 Area Stability of Leather to Laundering . 3041.1 Area Stability of Leather to Perspiration 3211.2 Area, Unit, Template Method. . 1121 ,$rea, Unit, Weight Method. . i 1111 Ash, Total 6421 Blocking. . 3121.1 Breaking Force and Elongation, Grab Method 2031 Breaking F
20、orce or Tensile Strength, and Elongation;. . 2021 Dumbbell Strip Method Bursting Strength, Plunger Method. 2051 Chemical Tests, General. . 6001 Chlorides, Soluble 6351 Chloroform Extraction. . 6311 Chloroform-Soluble and Water-Soluble Materials, and. . 6341 Insoluble Inorganic Materials r - .- Provi
21、ded by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I c_ I FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 83 7797777 0005372 T FED. TEST METHOD STD. NO, 311 TITLE - METROD NO. I Chromic Oxide, Colorimetric lfethod 6521 Chromic Oxide, Fusion Method . 6511 Chromic Oxide, Perchloric
22、Acid Method. 6515 Chromic Oxide, Wet Oxidation . 6518 Colorfastness (Resistance to Rubbing), Precision . 3031.1 Crockmeter Combined Tannin and Degree of Tannage. 6631 Compressibility, . 4411 Corrosive Effects of Leather . 3203 Cracking, Hand 4021 Cracking, Low Temperature 7211 Cracking, Vise . . , ,
23、 . . . . . . . . . , 4011 Dynamic Absorption of Leather Surfaces . . . . . , , . 8151 Dynamic Water Resistance of Leather by the Maeser. 8021.1 Water Penetration Tester Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather 8131.1 by the Dow Corning Leather Tester Finish Stability . 3202 Gasoline-Water Sepa
24、ration 6811 Iron and Aluminum Oxides . 6531 Lead Salts, Presence of . 6551 Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt) 6541 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-. FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 83 7777777 0005373 I FED . TEST METHOD STD . NO . 311 - TITLE ME
25、THOD NO . Mildew Resistance; Direct Inoculation, Pure 5021 Culture. Non-Sterile Specimen Method Mildew Resistance. Tropical Chamber Method . . . . . 5041 Moisture Content. Dry Air Method . 6211 Moisture Content. Oven. Method 6221 Nitrogen. Collagenous and Hide Substance . 6441 Nitrogen. Water Extrac
26、table :6452 Paranitrophenol. Colorimetric Method . 6711 Permeability. Water Vapor . 8011.2 pH Value of Leather . 6621.1 Piping 4111 Preparation of Composite Sample 6002.1 Resistance to Grain Crack. Mullen Test . . . . 2211 Resistance to Perspiration (White Chrome Leather) . 3221 Shear Strength. Stuc
27、k-on Rib . 2061 Shrinkage Temperature . 7011.1 . Staining . 3021.2 Stiffness . 421 1.2 Sulfates. Soluble . 6361 Tackiness . 3111 Tearing Strength. Buckle . 2131 i . Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 83 7777777 0
28、005374 3 - _ - m. TEST METHOD STD. NO. 311 TITLE - 1 METHOD NO, Tearing Strength, Split. . 2121 Tearing Strength, Slot Tear. . 2161 Tearing strength, Stitch, Double Hole. . 2151 Tearing Strength, Stitch, Single Hole. 2141 Tearing Strength, Stitch, Stuck-on Rib 2171 Tearing Strength, Tongue . 2111 Th
29、ickness, Specimen. . 1021.1 Thickness, Unit. . 1011.1 Torsion Wire Stiffness Neasurement 4212 Water Absorption, Static Method. . 8111.1 Water Absorption, Tumble Method. . 8112.1 Water Marks on Grain Leather . 8231 Water Resistance, with Tap Tester. 8121 Width and Length, Unit 1211 1 Provided by IHSN
30、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 83 7777777 0005375 5 m FED. TEST METHOD STD. NO. 311 January 24, 1975 2.2 Numerical Index of Test Methods. GROUP 1000 - DIMENSION Dumbbell Strip Method Breaking Force and Elongation, Grab Meth
31、od Bursting Strength, Plunger Method Shear Strength, Stuck-on Rib Tearing Strength, Tongue Tearing Strength, Split Tearing Strength, Buckle Tearing Strength, Stitch, Single Hole Tearing Strength, Stitch, Double Hole Tearing Strength, Slot Tear Tearing Strength , Stitch, St uck-on . Rib Resistance to
32、 Grain Crack, Mullen Test Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 83 7777777 0005376 7 m FED. TEST METHOD STD. NO. 311 I GROUP 3000 - PERFORMANCE TESTS TITLE - METHOD NO. 3021.2 Staining . 3031.1 3041.1 3111 3121.1 32
33、02 3203 3211.2 3221 4011 4021 4111 Colorfastness (Resistance to Rubbing), Precision Crocheter Area Stability of Leather to Laundering Tac Mues s Blocking Finish Stability Corrosive Effects of Leather Area Stability of Leather to Perspiration Resistance to Perspiration (White Chrome Leather) GROUP 40
34、00 - MECHANICAL TESTS Cracking, Vise Cracking, Hand Piping 4211.2 Stiffness 4212 4411 5021 5041 Torsion Wire Stiffness Measurement Compressibility GOW 5000 - BIOLOGICAL TESTS Mildew Resistance; Direct Inoculation, Pure Culture, Non-Sterile Specimen Method Mildew Resistance, Tropical Chamber Method P
35、rovided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_ - I . FED-STD-3LL CHG NOTICE 3 83 7777777 0005377 7 FED, TEST METHOD STD. NO. 311 GROUP 6000 - CHEMICAL TESTS METHOD NO. 6001 6002.1 6111 6211 6221 6311 6341 . 6351 6361 6371 6421 6431 6441 6452 6511 6
36、515 6518 6521 6531 TITLE - Chemical Tests, General Preparation of Composite Sample Aldehyde, Qualitative Moisture Content, Dry Air Method Moisture Content, Oven Method Chloroform Extraction Chloroform-Soluble and Water-Soluble Materials, Chlorides, Soluble Sulfates, Soluble and Insoluble Inorganic M
37、aterials Acetones Insoluble Material Ash, Total Alkali-Solubility of Leather-Cellulose Mixtures Nitrogen, Collagenous and Hide Substance Nitrogen, Water Extractable Chromic Oxide, Fusion Method Chromic Oxide, Perchloric Acid Method Chromic Oxide, Wet Oxidation Chromic Oxide, Colorimetric Method Iron
38、 and Aluminum Oxides . - - k ,/ / 1. !: I Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 8 FED-STD-313 CHG NOTICE 3 3 7777777 0005378 O FEI). TEST METHOD STD. NO. 311 METHOD NO. 65 41 6551 6621.1 66 31 6711 6811 7011.1 7031 7211 8011 2 8021 1 8111.
39、1 8112.1 8121 8131.1 8151 8231 TITLE - Magnesiw Sulfate (Epsom Salt) Lead Salts, Presence of pH Value of Leather Combined Tannin and Degree of Tannage Paranitrophenol, Colorimetric Method Gasoline-Water Separation GEtoUP 7000 - THERMAL TESTS Shrinkage Temperature Area Stability of Leather Cracking,
40、Law Temperature GROUP 8000 - WATER RESISTANCE TESTS Permeability, Water Vapor Dynamic Water Resistance of Leather by the Maeser I Water Penetration Tester Water Absorption, Static Method Water Absorption, Tumble Method Water Resistance, with Tap Tester Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe pper Leather b
41、y the Dow Corning Leather Tester Dynamic Absorption of Leather Surfaces Water Marks on Grain Leather I I. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FED. TEST IIETHOD STD. NO. 311 Januaqy 15, 1969 SECTION 3 DEFINITION OF TERMS 3.1 Scope. The def
42、initions of general terms include some of those encountered by personnel concerned with specifications and procurement of hides, leather and leather products by the Federal Government. .Tem adequately defined by unabridged dictionaries are not generally included. 3.2 General terms. 3.2.1 Alligator-g
43、rained leather. Leather of various types, such as calf, sheep, or cattlehide embossed to resemble the grain of alligator hide. 3.2.2 Apron leather. Any one of several varieties of leather used in connection with textile machinery and blacksmith aprons. Box Apron leather is soft, mellow, tough leathe
44、r, tanned from steer hides, heavily stuffed and boarded or otherwise softened. Rub Roll apron leather is a flexible but firm, dry, strong leather. Comber and Gill 3.2.3 Aspergillus niger. One of the most common mold growths found on leather, usually greenish or blackish in color. 3.2.4 Back. A crop
45、with the head trimmed off behind the horn holes, (OZW in figure i.) 3.2.5 Bag leather (Also known as case leather). A general term for leathers used in traveling bags and suitcases. light leathers employed for womens fancy handbags. for bag and case leather at present is leather made from the hides
46、of animals of the bovine species, but heavy sealskins and goatskins are also used . It does not include the The staple material i 3.2.6 Barkometer. A hydrometer used for determining the specific gravity of tanning solutions. A specific gravity of 1.000 is equivalent to Oo barkometer (Bk), and each a
47、dditional degree Bk is equivalent to an increase of 0.001 in specific gravity. i 3.2.7 Baseball leather. Leather used for covers of baseballs. The better grades of balls have covers of alum-tanned horsehide front leather. Some cheaper grades are made of kip and sheepskins, 3.2.8 Bate. To treat unhai
48、red hides or skins with a warm aqueous solution of enzymes in order to remove certain undesireable nitrogeneous constituents. i . i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I I FED-STD-311 CHG NOTICE 3 83 7777777 0005380 7 FED. TEST NETHOD STD. NO. 311 Ganuary 15, 1909 3-2.9 Beam. A convex wooden slab sloping downwards from about waist height, over which a hide is placed for trimming off excess flesh and ra
