1、Designation: A 193/A 193M 07Standard Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for HighTemperature or High Pressure Service and Other SpecialPurpose Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 193/A 193M; the number immediately following the designation
2、 indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agenc
3、ies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers alloy and stainless steel bolt-ing material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittingsfor high temperature or high pressure service, or other specialpurpose applications. The term bolting material as used in thisspecifi
4、cation covers bars, bolts, screws, studs, stud bolts, andwire. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought. The material may befurther processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated orcarbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strainhard
5、ened austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly under-stood.1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels andaustenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth.Selection will depend upon design, service conditions,
6、 me-chanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has includedfifteen steel types that have been rather extensively used for the presentpurpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by thecommittee from time to time as the
7、 need becomes apparent.NOTE 2For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use atthe lower range of high temperature applications, reference should bemade to Specification A 354.NOTE 3For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use inlow temperature applications, reference shou
8、ld be made to SpecificationA 320/A 320M.1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered inSection 14.1.4 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S10 are pro-vided for use when additional tests or inspection are desired.These shall apply only when specified in the purchase order.1.5 This specif
9、ication is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units. However, unless the order specifies theapplicable M specification designation (SI units), the materialshall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as stan
10、dard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
11、M Standards:3A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for Low
12、-Temperature ServiceA 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered AlloySteel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasten-ersA 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, GeneralRequirementsA 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirementsfor Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, I
13、ntendedfor Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the CreepRangeB 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc MechanicallyDeposited on Iron and SteelB 696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB 766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-mium1This specification is under
14、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved March 1,
15、 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A 193/A 193M-06a.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-193 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
16、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
17、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Testsof Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE 139 Test Methods for Con
18、ducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE 150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep andCreep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials UnderConditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times4E 151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of MetallicMaterials at Elevat
19、ed Temperatures With Rapid Heatingand Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates4E 292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-RuptureNotch Tension Tests of MaterialsE 328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials andStructuresE 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sortingof Ferrous MetalsE 7
20、09 Guide for Magnetic Particle ExaminationE 606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue TestingF 1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification toPrevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or CoatedFastenersF 1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw T
21、hreads (UN/UNR)2.2 ANSI Standards:5B1.1 Screw ThreadsB18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB18.2.3.1M Metric Hex Cap ScrewsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket ScrewsB18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws2.3 AIAG Standard:6AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard3. G
22、eneral Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the following, asrequired, to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is, normalized and tem-pered, or quenched and tempered, for the ferritic materials, andcarbide solution treat
23、ed (Class 1), carbide solution treated afterfinishing (Class 1A), and carbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2B and 2C), for the austenitic stainlesssteels; Classes 1B and 1C apply to the carbide solution-treatednitrogen-bearing stainless steels; Class 1D applies to materialcarbide
24、 solution treated by cooling rapidly from the rollingtemperature),3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,screws, or studs),3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with14.1,3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 7.3,
25、7.5.1,11.2, 15.1, and 16.1.3.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser (See Supplementary Requirement S13). Whencoated fasteners are ordered the purchaser should take specialcare to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly understood.4. Common Requirements4.1 Material and faste
26、ners supplied to this specification shallconform to the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M.These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimen-sions, marking, certification, optional supplementary require-ments, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements ofSpecification A
27、962/A 962M constitutes nonconformance withthis specification. In case of conflict between this specificationand Specification A 962/A 962M, this specification shall pre-vail.5. Manufacture (Process)5.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the followingprocesses: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-
28、furnace, orvacuum-induction melting (VIM). The molten steel may bevacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strandcasting.5.2 QualitySee Specification A 962/A 962M for require-ments.6. Discard6.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedomfrom injurious piping and undue segr
29、egation.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Ferritic steels shall be properly heat treated as best suitsthe high temperature characteristics of each grade. Immedi-ately after rolling or forging, the bolting material shall beallowed to cool to a temperature below the cooling transfor-mation range. The materials whi
30、ch are to be furnished in theliquid-quenched condition shall then be uniformly reheated tothe proper temperature to refine the grain (a group thusreheated being known as a quenching charge) and quenched ina liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions foreach quenching charge. Use of water q
31、uenching is prohibitedfor any ferritic grade when heat treatment is part of the fastenermanufacturing process. This prohibition does not apply to heattreated bar or to fasteners machined therefrom. The materialsthat are to be furnished in the normalized or air-quenchedcondition shall be reheated to
32、the proper temperature to refinethe grain and cooled uniformly in air to a temperature belowthe transformation temperature range. The material, whetherliquid-quenched or normalized, shall then be uniformly re-heated for tempering. The minimum tempering temperatureshall be as specified in Table 2 and
33、 Table 3.4Withdrawn.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite 200,Southfield, MI 48034.A 193/A 193M 072TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)AType. Fer
34、ritic SteelsGrade B5 B6andB6XDescription 5%Chromium 12%ChromiumUNS Designation S41000 (410)Range Product Variation, Range Product VariationOver or UnderBOver or UnderBCarbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.080.15 0.01 overManganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005
35、 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 overChromium 4.06.0 0.10 11.513.5 0.15Molybdenum 0.400.65 0.05 . . . . . .Type Ferritic SteelsGrade B7,B7M B16Description . Chromium-MolybdenumCChromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumProduct Variation, Product Variation,
36、Range Over or UnderBRange Over or UnderBCarbon 0.370.49D0.02 0.360.47 0.02Manganese 0.651.10 0.04 0.450.70 0.03Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSilicon 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02Chromium 0.751.20 0.05 0.801.15 0.05Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.02
37、 0.500.65 0.03Vanadium . . . . . . 0.250.35 0.03Aluminum, max %E. . 0.015 .Type Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1, 1A, 1D, and 2Grade . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PAUNS Designation S30400 (304) S34700 (347) S31600 (316) S30500RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variati
38、on,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 ov
39、er 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 9.012.0 0.15 10.014.0 0.15 11.013.0 0.15Molybd
40、enum . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 . . . . . .Columbium + . . . . . . 10 x carbon 0.05 under . . . . . . . . . . . .tantalum content, min;1.10 maxType Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2Grade. B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNAUNS Designation S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254R
41、angeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRange Product Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020 0.005 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030 0.005 overSulfur
42、, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.010 0.002 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 19.520.5 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15 17.518.5 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 6.06.5 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01 0.180
43、.22 0.02Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.501.00 . . .A 193/A 193M 073TABLE 1 ContinuedType. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over
44、Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 overChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.012.0 0.15Titanium 5x(C+N)min,0.70maxG0.05 underType Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C and 1DGrade B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SAUNS Designation S20910 S21800RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or Un
45、derBCarbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 overManganese 4.06.0 0.05 7.09.0 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 3.54.5 0.15Chromium 20.523.5 0.25 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 11.513.5 0.15 8.09.0 0.10Molybdenum 1.503.00 0.
46、10 . . . . . .Nitrogen 0.200.40 0.02 0.080.18 0.01Columbium + tantalum 0.100.30 0.05 . . . . . .Vanadium 0.100.30 0.02 . . . . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1DGrade B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNAUNS Designation S30453 S31653RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over
47、or UnderBCarbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overManganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15Molybde
48、num . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01AThe intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.BProduct analysisIndividual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individualelement
49、in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.CTypical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.DFor bar sizes over 312 in. 90 mm, inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted, providedthat the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.ETotal of soluble and insoluble.FClasses 1 and 1D are solution treated. Classes 1,
