1、Designation: A449 10A449 14Standard Specification forHex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defen
3、se.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers quenched and tempered steel hex cap screws, bolts, and studs having a minimum tensile strengthof 120 ksi for diameters 1.0 in. and smaller; 105 ksi for diameters over 1.0 in. to 112 in.; and 90 ksi for diameters 134 in. to 3.0in. inclusive. The term “fasten
4、ers“ in this specification denotes hex cap screws, bolts, and studs.1.2 The fasteners are intended for general engineering use.1.3 The fasteners are furnished in diameters 14 to 3.0 in. inclusive. They are designated by type denoting chemical compositionas follows:Type DescriptionType I Plain carbon
5、 steel, carbon boron steel, alloysteel, or alloy boron steelType 2 Withdrawn 2003Type 3 Weathering steel1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined in this specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. T
6、he values given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only. standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this stand
7、ard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Pro
8、ductsB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and SteelD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, DirectTension
9、 Indicators, and RivetsF788/F788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF2329 Specification for Zinc
10、 Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements forApplication to Carbon andAlloy Steel Bolts, Screws,Washers,Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fastenersand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivetsand W
11、ashers.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2014. Published December 2010October 2014. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20072010as A449 07bA449 10. 1. DOI: 10.1520/A0449-10.10.1520/A0449-14.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Spec
12、ifications SA-449 in Section II of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is
13、 not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropr
14、iate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
15、1G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 ASME Standards:4B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard for B18 Fastener Products3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for fastener
16、s under this specification shall include the following:3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces),3.1.2 Size, including nominal diameter and length,3.1.3 Name of product,3.1.4 Type, that is, Type 1, or Type 3 as required,3.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue, and3.1.6 Other components such as nuts and was
17、hers if required.3.1.7 Hot-Dip or Mechanically Deposited Zinc CoatingsFor hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coatings covered by 5.1and requiring over-tapped nuts, specify the zinc coating process required, that is, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference(see 5.1).3.1.8 Other CoatingsS
18、pecify other protective coating if required (see 5.2).3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture is required.3.1.10 Test reports if required.3.1.11 Supplementary or special requirements.3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24.NOTE 1A typical ordering descripti
19、on follows: 1000 pieces 18 in. diameter 4.0 in. long hex cap screw, Type 1, ASTM A449XX, each with onefinished hex nut ASTM A563, Grade DH. Each component mechanically zinc coated in accordance with B695, Class 5, Type II.3.2 Suitable Nuts and Washers:3.2.1 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification
20、 A563. Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut shall be as follows:Fastener Size and Surface Finish Nut Grade and StyleA14 to 112 in., plain (or with a coating of insufficientthickness to require over-tapped nuts)B, hexOver 112 to 3 in., plain (or with a coating of insuffi-cient thick
21、ness to require over-tapped nuts)A, heavy hex14 to 3 in., zinc-coated (or with a coating thicknessrequiring over-tapped nuts)DH, heavy hex14 to 3 in., Type 3 C3, DH3, heavy hexA Nuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Specification A563, Table 3) greater than the specif
22、ied grade and style of nut are suitable.3.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, washers ordered with fasteners shall be furnished to the requirements of Specification F436,Type 1 or Specification F436, Type 3. Washers for A449 Type 3 fasteners shall conform to Specification F436 Type 3.4. Materials and Ma
23、nufacture4.1 Heat Treatment:4.1.1 Type 1 fasteners produced from medium carbon steel shall be quenched in a liquid medium from the austenitizingtemperature.4.1.2 Type 1 fasteners produced from medium carbon steel to which chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or boron wereintentionally added, and Type 3 fas
24、teners, shall be quenched in oil from the austenitizing temperature.4.1.3 Type 1 and Type 3 fasteners, regardless of the steel used, shall be tempered by reheating to not less than 800F.4.2 ThreadingThreads shall be rolled, cut, or ground.4.3 Secondary ProcessingIf any processing which can affect th
25、e mechanical properties of the fasteners is performed after theinitial testing, the fasteners shall be retested for all specified mechanical properties affected by the reprocessing.5. Protective Coatings5.1 Zinc, Hot Dip, and Mechanically Deposited Requiring Over-tapped Nuts:5.1.1 When zinc-coated f
26、asteners are required, the purchaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, such as, hot-dip,mechanically deposited, or no preference.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A449
27、1425.1.2 When hot dip is specified, the fasteners shall be zinc coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the requirementsof Specification F2329.5.1.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasteners shall be zinc coated by the mechanical deposition process inaccordance with the requir
28、ements of Class 55 of Specification B695.5.1.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier may furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with SpecificationF2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Threaded components (bolts andnuts)
29、shall be coated by the same zinc coating process, and the suppliers option shall be limited to one process per item with nomixed processes in a lot.NOTE 2When the intended application requires that assembled tension exceeds 50 % of minimum bolt or stud proof load, an anti-galling lubricantmay be nee
30、ded. Application of such a lubricant to nuts and a test of the lubricant efficiency are provided in Supplementary Requirement S1 ofSpecification A563 and should be specified when required.5.2 Other Coatings:5.2.1 When other coatings are required, the purchaser shall specify the coating specification
31、, including the classification codesor grade numbers to identify the coating material, thickness, supplemental treatments, or other requirements to define the coating.The fasteners shall be coated in accordance with and conform to the specified coating specification.5.2.2 When a specification does n
32、ot apply, the purchaser shall specify the desired coating, coating thickness, supplementaltreatments, or other requirements to define the coating.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Type 1 fasteners shall be plain carbon steel, carbon boron steel, alloy steel, or alloy boron steels, at the manufacturers opti
33、on,conforming to the requirements in Table 1.6.2 Type 3 fasteners shall be weathering steel and shall conform to one of the chemical compositions specified in Table 2. Theselection of the chemical composition,A, B, C, D, E or F, shall be a the option of the manufacuturer.manufacturer. See Guide G101
34、for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steel.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 FastenersElement Carbon SteelHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon 0.300.52 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058Silicon 0.150.30 0.1
35、30.32Element Boron SteelHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon 0.300.52 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.048Sulfur, max 0.050 0.058Silicon 0.100.30 0.080.32Boron 0.00050.003 0.00050.003Element Alloy SteelHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon 0.300.52 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.60 0
36、.57Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Silicon 0.150.35 0.130.37Alloying Elements A AElement Alloy Boron SteelHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon 0.300.52 0.280.55Manganese, min 0.60 0.57Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Silicon 0.150.35 0.130.37Boron 0.00050.003 0.000
37、50.003Alloying Elements A AA Steel, as defined by theAmerican Iron and Steel Institute, shall be considered tobe alloy when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying elementsexceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %; silicon, 0.60 %;copper, 0.60 % or in which a
38、definite range or a definite minimum quantity of anyof the following elements is specified or required within the limits of the recognizedfield of constructional alloy steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt,columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or anyother
39、alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.A449 1436.3 Product analyses made on finished fasteners representing each lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Table 1 or Table 2, as applicable.6.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead
40、 has been intentionally added shall not be permitted for bolts.Compliance shall be based on certification that heats of steel having any of the listed elements intentionally added were not usedto produce the bolts.6.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, a
41、nd Terminology A751.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 HardnessThe fasteners shall conform to the hardness specified in Table 3. See Table 3, Note A.7.2 Tensile Properties:TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 FastenersAElement Composition, %Type 3 FastenersAA B C D E FCarbon:Heat analysis 0.330.40 0.38
42、0.48 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.200.25 0.200.25Product analysis 0.310.42 0.360.50 0.140.25 0.140.25 0.180.27 0.190.25Manganese:Heat analysis 0.901.20 0.700.90 0.801.35 0.401.20 0.601.00 0.901.20Product analysis 0.861.24 0.670.93 0.761.39 0.361.24 0.561.04 0.861.24Phosphrous:Heat analysis 0.035 max 0.060.12
43、 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 maxProduct analysis 0.040 max 0.060.125 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 maxSulfur:Heat analysis 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 maxProduct analysis 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 maxSilicon:Heat analysis 0.150.
44、35 0.300.50 0.150.35 0.250.50 0.150.35 0.150.35Product analysis 0.130.37 0.250.55 0.130.37 0.200.55 0.130.37 0.130.37Copper:Heat analysis 0.250.45 0.200.40 0.200.50 0.300.50 0.300.60 0.200.40Product analysis 0.220.48 0.170.43 0.170.53 0.270.53 0.270.53 0.170.43Nickel:Heat analysis 0.250.45 0.500.80
45、0.250.50 0.500.80 0.300.60 0.200.40Product analysis 0.220.48 0.470.83 0.220.53 0.470.83 0.270.63 0.170.43Chromium:Heat analysis 0.450.65 0.500.75 0.300.50 0.501.00 0.600.90 0.450.65Product analysis 0.420.68 0.470.83 0.270.53 0.451.05 0.550.95 0.420.68Vanadium:Heat analysis B B 0.020 min B B BProduct
46、 analysis B B 0.010 min B B BMolybdenum:Heat analysis B 0.06 max B 0.10 max B BProduct analysis B 0.07 max B 0.11 max B BTitanium:Heat analysis B B B 0.05 max B BProduct analysis B B B 0.06 max B BAA,B,C,D, E and F are classes of material used for Type 3 fasteners. Selection of a class shall be at t
47、he option of the bolt manufacturer.BThese elements are not specified or required.TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts, and StudsNominal Diameter, in. NominalLength, in. Brinell Rockwell CMin Max Min Max14 to 1, inclusive Less than 2DA 253 319 25 3414 to 1, inclusiveLess than 2D253
48、 319 25 342D and over . . . 319 . . . 34Over 1 to 112 , inclusive Less than 3DA 223 286 19 30Over 1 to 112 , inclusiveLess than 3D223 286 19 303D and over . . . 286 . . . 30Over 112 to 3, inclusive Less than 3DA 183 235 . . . . . .Over 112 to 3, inclusiveLess than 3D183 235 . . . . . .3D and over .
49、. . 235 . . . . . .3D and over . . . 235 . . . . . .D = Nominal diameter or thread sizeA Hex cap screws and bolts larger than 1.00 in. diameter and shorter than 3D and all studs shorter than 3D are subject only to minimum and maximum hardness.D = Nominal diameter or thread sizeA449 1447.2.1 Except as permitted in 7.2.2 for long large diameter fasteners and 7.2.3 for short fasteners, hex cap screws and hex andsquare head bolts in sizes 1.00 in. and smalle
