1、Designation: A473 17Standard Specification forStainless Steel Forgings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic,ferritic, and m
3、artensitic stainless steel forgings for general use,and for low- or high-temperature service.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered s
4、tandard.1.3 Supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when additional testing, inspection,or processing is required.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision
5、on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA751 Test Met
6、hods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals
7、and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)3. Ordering Information3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for material ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:3.1.1 Quantity (weight o
8、r number of pieces),3.1.2 Dimensions, including prints or sketches,3.1.3 Name of material (stainless steel forgings),3.1.4 Type or UNS designation (Table 1),3.1.5 Condition (Table 2), and3.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue.3.1.7 Test for magnetic permeability if specified by cus-tomer purchase
9、order when ordering Types 207 and 205.3.1.8 Special requirements.3.2 If possible the intended end use of the item should begiven on the purchase order especially when the item is orderedfor a specific end use or uses.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 5 stainless steelforgings, Type
10、 410, Designation A, ASTM Specification A473 dated_. End use: pump blocks for oil well equipment.4. General Requirements4.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines additional ordering information, manufacturingrequirements
11、, testing and retesting methods and procedures,marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-tional supplementary requirements.4.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall p
12、revail.5. Manufacture5.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms,billets, slabs, or bars, either forged or rolled from an ingot, andcut to the required length by a suitable process.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Relate
13、d Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as A473-16. DOI:10.1520/A0473-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
14、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
15、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendatio
16、ns issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.2 The material shall be forged by hammering, pressing,rolling, extruding, or upsetting. It shall be brought as nearly aspossible to the finished shape and size by hot-working; andshall be processed, if practicab
17、le, so as to cause metal-flowduring the hot-working operation in the direction most favor-able for resisting the stresses encountered in service as may beindicated to the manufacturer by the purchaser.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAUNSDesig-nationBTypeNumberCarbon,%Manga-nese,%Phos-phorus,%Sulfur,%Si
18、licon,%Chromium,%Nickel,%Molyb-denum, %Nitrogen,%OtherElements,%Austenitic GradesS20100 201 0.15 5.57.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 3.55.5 . . . 0.25S20200 202 0.15 7.510.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 4.06.0 . . . 0.25S20500 205 0.120.25 14.015.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.518.0 1.001.75 . . . 0.320.40S21900 X
19、M-10 0.08 8.010.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40S21904 XM-11 0.04 8.010.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40S28200 . . . 0.15 17.019.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 . . . 0.751.25 0.400.60 Cu 0.751.25S30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . 0.10S30215 30
20、2B 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 2.003.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . .S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 0.60C.S30323 303 Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . Se 0.15 minS30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.010.5 . . . 0.10S30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.
21、030 1.00 18.020.0 8.012.0 . . . 0.10S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 10.513.0 . . . . . .S30800 308 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.021.0 10.012.0 . . . . . .S30815 . . . 0.10 0.80 0.040 0.030 1.402.00 20.022.0 10.012.0 . . . 0.140.20 Ce 0.030.08S30900 309 0.20 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.0
22、24.0 12.015.0 . . . . . .S30908 309S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . .S31000 310 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31008 310S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31254 . . . 0.020 1.00 0.030 0.010 0.80 19.520.5 17.518.5 6.06.5 0.180.
23、25 Cu 0.501.00S31400 314 0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.503.00 23.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . .S31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S31603 316L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10S31700 317 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 11.015.0 3.04.0 0.10S32100 3
24、21 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.012.0 . . . . . . Ti 5C minS34700 347 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . Cb+Ta 10C,minS34800 348 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 9.013.0 . . . . . . Cb+Ta 10C,minTa 0.10Co 0.20Austenitic-Ferritic GradesS32550D. . . 0.04 1.50 0.040 0.0
25、30 1.00 24.0-27.0 4.5-6.5 2.9-3.9 0.10-0.25 Cu 1.502.50S32760D. . . 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.010 1.00 24.026.0 6.08.0 3.04.0 0.200.30 Cu 0.501.00W 0.501.00S32950 . . . 0.03 2.00 0.035 0.010 0.60 26.029.0 3.55.2 1.002.50 0.150.35Ferritic GradesS40500 405 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.514.5 0.60 . . . . . .
26、 A1 0.100.30S42900 429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 14.016.0 0.75 . . . . . .S43000 430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 . . . . . .S43020 430F 0.12 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 16.018.0 0.75 0.60C.S43023S44600430F Se4460.120.201.251.500.060.0400.060.0301.001.0016.018.023.027.00.750.75.0.25Se 0.15
27、minMartensitic GradesS40300 403 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 0.50 11.513.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S41000 410 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 0.75 . . . . . . . . .S41008 410S 0.08 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 0.75 . . . . . . . . .S41400 414 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.513.5 1.252.50 . . . . . . .
28、. .S41425 . . . 0.05 0.501.00 0.020 0.005 0.50 12.015.0 4.07.0 1.502.00 0.060.12 Cu 0.30S41500E0.05 0.51.0 0.030 0.030 0.60 11.514.0 3.55.5 0.400.80 . . .S41600 416 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.15 min 1.00 12.014.0 . . . 0.60C.S41623 416 Se 0.15 1.25 0.06 0.06 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . Se 0.15 minS42000 4
29、20 Over 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.014.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S43100 431 0.20 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 15.017.0 1.252.50 . . . . . . . . .S44002 440A 0.600.75 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .S44003 440B 0.750.95 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .S44004 440C 0.951.20 1.0
30、0 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 . . . 0.75 . . .AMaximum, unless range or minimum is indicated.BNew designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086.CAt manufacturers option; reported only when intentionally added.D%Cr+3.3%Mo+16%N$ 40.EWrought version of CA6NM.A473 1725.3 When spe
31、cified on the order, a sample forging may besectioned and etched to show flow lines and the condition asregards internal imperfections. When so specified, the questionof acceptable and unacceptable metal-flow shall be subject toagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser prior toorder entry
32、.5.4 When specified on the order, the manufacturer shallsubmit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing theshape of the rough forging before machining, or before heattreating for mechanical properties.5.5 The grain size shall be as fine as practicable andprecautions shall be taken to minimize
33、grain growth.6. Heat Treatment6.1 Except for S31254, the austenitic steels shall receive asolution heat treatment, consisting of heating the material to aminimum temperature of 1900 F (1040 C), followed bycooling rapidly in air or water.6.2 S31254 shall receive a solution heat treatment, consist-ing
34、 of heating the material to a minimum temperature of2100 F (1150 C) followed by cooling rapidly in air or water.6.3 When specified, Types 347, 348, and 321 shall receive astabilization heat treatment in addition to the solution heattreatment specified in 6.1, which shall consist of holding theforgin
35、gs at 1550 to 1750 F (845 to 955 C) for 1 h for eachinch of section thickness with a minimum holding time of 2 h,followed by air-cooling or water quenching. The stabilizationheat treatment is not usually specified, unless these steels areintended for severely corrosive environments in the tempera-tu
36、re range from 800 to 1600 F (425 to 870 C). Whenspecified, the stabilization heat treatment shall be the final heattreatment and may be performed before machining.6.4 S32950 shall receive an annealing treatment, consistingof heating the material to a temperature of 1825 F (995 C) to1875 F (1025 C) f
37、or an appropriate time followed by waterquenching or rapid cooling by other means.TABLE 2 Mechanical Property RequirementsType ConditionYield Strength, min,ksi (MPa)ATensile Strength, min,ksi (MPa)Elongationin 2 in.(50 mm) or4D, min %Reductionof Area,min, %BrinellHardnessNumber,maxAustenitic Grades2
38、01, 302, 302B, 303, 303SE, 305, 308, 309,309S, 310, 310S, 314, 317, 321, 347, 348A 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 . . .202 A 45 (310) 90 (620) 40 50 . . .205 A 50 (345) 90 (620) 40 50 . . .304 and 316, Sections 5 in. (127 mm) andUnderA 30 (205) 75 (515) 40 50 . . .304 and 316, Sections Over 5 in. (127 mm)
39、A 30 (205) 70 (485) 40 50 . . .304L and 316L A 25 (170) 65 (450) 40 50 . . .XM-10 and XM-11 A 50 (345) 90 (620) 45 60 . . .S28200 A 60 (415) 110 (760) 40 55 . . .S30815 A 45 (310) 87 (600) 40 50 . . .S31254 A 44 (300) 95 (650) 35 50 . . .Austenitic-Ferritic GradesS32550 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25.0 . .
40、 . 290S32950 A 70 (480) 100 (690) 15 . . . 293S32760 A 80 (550) 109 (750) 25 . . . 290Ferritic Grades430F, 430FSE, 446 A 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 223405 A 30 (205) 60 (415) 20 45 207429 A 35 (240) 65 450) 23 45 207430 A 35 (240) 70 (485) 20 45 217Martensitic Grades403, 410, 416, 416SE A 40 (275) 70 (
41、485) 20 45 223403, 410 1 40 (275) 70 (485) 20 45 2232 85 (585) 110 (760) 15 45 2693 100 (690) 130 (895) 12 35 331410S A 35 (240) 65 (450) 22 45 217414 A . . . . . . 298T 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 45 321H 100 (690) 125 (860) 15 45 321S41425 T 95 (655) 120 (825) 15 45 321S41500 normalized andtempered90 (6
42、20) 115 (795) 15 45 295420 A . . . . . . 223431 A . . . . . . 277BT 90 (620) 115 (795) 15 . . . 321H 135 (930) 175 (1210) 13 . . . 440440A, 440B, 440C A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269AYield strength shall be determined by the 0.2 % offset method in accordance with Test Methods and Definitio
43、ns A370. An alternative method of determining yield strengthmay be used based on a total extension under load of 0.5 %.BType 431 forgings of designation A, when specified, shall be capable of meeting the above mechanical property requirements of designation T after oil quenching from1800 to 1900 F (
44、980 to 1038 C) and tempering at not less than 1100 F (595 C), or designation H when oil quenched from 1850 to 1950 F (1010 to 1065 C) andtempered at not more than 700 F (370 C).A473 1736.5 S32760 shall receive an annealing treatment consistingof heating the material to a minimum temperature of 2010
45、F(1100 C), followed by water quenching or rapid cooling byother means.6.6 The ferritic grades shall be properly annealed:6.7 Except for S41425 and S41500, the martensitic gradesshall be annealed, or hardened and tempered as specified.Liquid quenching shall be permitted only by agreement withthe purc
46、haser.6.8 For S41425, heat to 1700 F (925 C) minimum andhold for1hattemperature minimum. Air cool to below 90 F(32 C) and temper at 1100 F (595 C) minimum for 1 h/in. ofcross-sectional thickness minimum.6.9 For S41500 heat to 1750 F (955 C) minimum, air coolto 200 F (95 C) or lower prior to any opti
47、onal intermediatetemper and prior to the final temper. The final temper shall bebetween 1050 F (565 C) and 1150 F (620 C).6.10 Types 420, 440A, 440B, and 440C should be used bythe purchaser in the hardened and tempered condition. Inresponse to heat treatment, these materials shall be capable ofmeeti
48、ng the minimum hardness requirements as specified inTable 3.6.11 Types 403 and 410 tempered material shall benormalized, or shall be liquid quenched from 1700 F(925 C), minimum, followed by being held at the temperingtemperature for at least 1 h in. (25.4 mm) of cross section inaccordance with 6.11.
49、1, 6.11.2 or 6.11.3.6.11.1 Condition 11250 F (675 C) minimum, 1400 F(760 C) maximum.6.11.2 Condition 21100 F (595 C) minimum, 1400 F(760 C) maximum.6.11.3 Condition 31050 F (565 C) minimum, 1400 F(760 C) maximum.6.12 Type S32550 shall receive an annealing treatmentconsisting of heating the material to a minimum temperature of1940 F (1060 C), followed by water quenching of rapidcooling by other m
